What does Acea a5 mean? Classification of motor oils according to ACEA

The ACEA (Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) standard provides certification of motor oil for use and performance, and takes into account the requirements of 15 automakers (BMW, DAF, Daimler-Crysler, Fiat, Ford, GM-Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN, Porshe, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Renault, SAAB-Scania, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo).

In December 2008, ACEA introduced the updated and most recent classification of motor oils “ACEA 2008 European Oil Sequences for Service-Fill Oils”, in which new classes C4 and E9 appeared, as well as adjustments were made to the requirements for oils of antioxidant stability and elemental composition of oils in connection with energy saving and environmental policy.

The new classification divides oils into three classes according to engine type: A (petrol), B (light diesel) and E (heavy diesel engines).

Each class is divided into categories of different levels of performance properties:

• Four for gasoline and light diesel engines (A1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4, A5/B5);
• Four specifically for gasoline and light diesel engines equipped with catalytic aftertreatment systems (C1, C2, C3, C4);
• Four for heavily loaded diesel engines (E4, E6, E7, E9).

A more detailed view of the ACEA classification

A/B - motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars, vans, minibuses

A1/B1 - Resistant to temperature changes and difficult conditions of oil use. At high temperatures and large shear gradients, they save fuel consumption and do not lose stable lubricating properties. Helps extend drain intervals for gasoline and diesel passenger engines, as well as light commercial vehicles. Designed for the use of oils with the lowest degree of fluidity.

A3/B3 - All-season oils with high performance properties. Designed for gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars and light trucks with average replacement intervals.

A3/B4 - for use in high-performance gasoline and diesel engines with direct fuel injection. Can be used instead of A3/B3 class oils. High performance helps reduce fuel consumption.

A5/B5 - Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, intended for use with extended oil change intervals in highly accelerated gasoline and diesel engines of light vehicles, which can use low-viscosity friction-reducing oils with dynamic viscosity at high temperatures and high shear rates (HTHS ) from 2.9 to 3.5 mPa s.

C - motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines with exhaust gas recovery catalysts

C1 - Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalysts. They are suitable for engines that can use friction-reducing oils that are viscous at high temperatures and high shear rates (2.9 mPa s). These oils have the lowest sulfated ash content and the lowest phosphorus and sulfur content and may not be suitable for lubricating some engines.

Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalysts. They are suitable for engines that can use friction-reducing oils that are viscous at high temperatures and high shear rates (2.9 mPa s). These oils increase the service life of particulate filters and catalysts and provide fuel savings.

Oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalysts, increase the service life of the latter.

Motor oils for diesel and gasoline engines that meet the latest stringent exhaust gas environmental requirements Euro-4 (as amended in 2005). Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles requiring SAPS (reduced content of sulfated ash, phosphorus, sulfur) and a minimum HTHS viscosity (3.5mPa.s), equipped DPF particulate filters and TWC three-component catalysts increase the service life of the latter.

E - motor oils for powerful diesel trucks

Motor oils that provide high piston cleanliness, wear protection, high resistance to soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel engines that meet the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards and operate in very difficult conditions with significantly extended replacement intervals (subject to manufacturer's recommendations). Can only be used in engines without a particulate filter, and in some engines with exhaust gas recirculation and nitrogen oxide reduction systems.

Motor oils that provide high piston cleanliness, wear protection, high resistance to soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel engines that meet the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards and operate in very difficult conditions with significantly extended replacement intervals (subject to manufacturer's recommendations). Can be used in engines with exhaust gas recirculation, with or without a particulate filter, and for engines with nitrogen oxide emission reduction systems. Oils of this class are strongly recommended for engines equipped with particulate filters and designed to run on low-sulfur fuel.

Motor oils that effectively keep pistons clean and protect against varnish deposits. They provide excellent wear protection, have high resistance to soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel engines that meet the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards and operate in harsh conditions with extended replacement intervals (subject to manufacturer's recommendations). Recommended for use in engines without particulate filters and for most engines equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and nitrogen oxide reduction systems.

Motor oils that effectively keep pistons clean and protect against varnish deposits. They provide excellent wear protection, have high resistance to soot contamination and stable properties throughout the entire period of operation. Recommended for modern diesel engines that meet the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards and operate in harsh conditions with extended replacement intervals (subject to manufacturer's recommendations). Can be used in engines with or without particulate filters and in most engines equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and nitrogen oxide reduction systems. Oils of this class are strongly recommended for engines equipped with particulate filters and designed to operate on low-sulfur fuel.

Motor oils, by definition, cannot meet a single standard. Different engines and types of gearboxes, operating conditions - all these factors force us to produce technical fluids with different parameters.

To prevent consumers (car factories and car owners) from becoming confused about the compatibility of consumables with units, it was decided to create a system of quality standards.

Initially, oils were classified only by viscosity (SAE). Then the API (American Petroleum Institute) quality system was created, which was used in North America.

Immediately after its introduction, the Association of European Engineers developed a similar classification of ACEA oils for the European market. Both standards exist in parallel, without conflicting with each other.

What does the standard say?

The ACEA engine oil classification was developed to lobby the interests of European automakers. In addition, the “support group” included several US concerns with branches in Europe.

Here is an incomplete list of the founders of the standard: BMW, Volkswagen AG, Porshe, Daimler, Land Rover, Jaguar, Fiat, PSA, Renault, Ford-Europe, GM-Europe, Crysler-Europe, Toyota, MAN, Volvo, SAAB-Scania, DAF. How is it decrypted (more precisely, what information does the standard carry)?

What to look for when buying motor oil - video consultation

If the abbreviation SAE refers only to viscosity, then ACEA contains data on compatibility with specific engines. Moreover, lists of compatible units are agreed upon with automobile concerns - participants in the certification program.

The classification according to the ACEA standard contains the minimum basic requirements for the quality of oils. That is, their compliance (as opposed to selection according to SAE) guarantees trouble-free operation of the engine or gearbox. In addition, this classification provides information about the following parameters and properties:

• basic foundation;
• a set of additional additives;
• chemical composition;
• physical properties;
• purpose (type of fuel, engine load, operating conditions of the unit).

Markings and their meanings

The ACEA classification of motor oils can be printed on the packaging along with other standards, such as API, ILSAC and GOST.

Important! From the consumer's point of view, it is this certificate that guarantees high quality. The conditions for testing oils to obtain the ACEA specification are significantly higher in comparison with other standards. European requirements are stricter than North American, Asian and Russian ones.

Despite the compactness of the classifier (for example, ACEA A1/B1), the abbreviation contains quite a lot of information. During the existence of the standard (since 1996), the layout of the symbols has changed several times.

The first certification options included separate markings for gasoline and diesel engines (ACEA A or ACEA B). Since 2004, all oils submitted for approval are simultaneously tested for all types of fuel.

There is no point in memorizing abbreviations with mono approval; such consumables are no longer produced.

Modern oils, certified for all types of fuel at once, are marked with a class indication separated by a fraction: for example, ACEA A1/B1.

Basic classification of oils according to the ACEA standard (including obsolete)

1. Class A – certified compatibility with power plants running only on gasoline. The content of sulfur and sulphate ash is higher than modern Euro environmental safety standards.
2. Class B – approval suitable for engines running on heavy fuel. Load class for diesel power unit: “Light Duty”, that is, light and medium. The percentage of sulfate ash has been reduced to modern standards, and the sulfur content is quite high.
3. Class C - a standard designed for a fairly large range of motors. Works with gasoline engines equipped with a catalytic converter, as well as diesel engines equipped with a particulate filter. Characterized by medium and low content of sulfate ash and sulfur, the oil meets high environmental safety requirements.
4. Class E - A fairly narrow standard designed for powerful diesel engines operating in difficult “Heavy Duty” conditions.

Detailed classification according to ACEA

After 2012, ACEA introduced many additional subclasses:

• For passenger cars equipped with diesel and gasoline engines. Low to medium load is implied. 4 ACEA engine oil categories: A3/B4, A1/B1, A3/B3, A5/B5;
• For commercial diesel vehicles and heavy trucks of categories C1 to C4, the engine must comply with Euro 4 environmental standards;
• For engines running on any fuel, if the design includes exhaust gas purification systems (catalyst, DPF), there are 4 more categories: E4, E6, E7, E9.

The last digit indicates a sequential increase in quality and compatibility class. If the power plant is specified to use ACEA A3/B3 oil, then ACEA A5/B5 can be poured into it. There is no backward compatibility.

Details about ACEA classes - video

The most popular categories with transcripts:

• A1/B1 – Resistant to oil separation, designed to extend the drain interval. Minor friction losses. The main application is gasoline and diesel engines operating at low loads. The classifier is not universal - you should study the tolerances of the car manufacturer.
• A3/B3 – Designed for gasoline engines with a high degree of boost, including turbocharged ones. When operating with diesel fuel, on the contrary, they are used on lightly loaded internal combustion engines. Universal weather operation, extended replacement intervals.
• A3/B4 – Development of the previous specification: operation on turbocharged diesel engines with high boost is allowed. They are backward compatible with A3/B3.
• A5/B5 is a relatively recent standard that has absorbed the advantages (more precisely, the requirements) of previous classifications. In addition to environmental approvals, the oil is classified as highly economical. In addition, the lubricant is practically not wasted. It is backward compatible with previous classes. The only exception is the lack of compatibility with specific engines (indicated in the instructions for routine maintenance).

Important! If there are several quality standards on the engine oil packaging, it is better to focus on ACEA.

Gasoline engine maintenance classifications

S.A.-SG	Canceled due to lack of anti-friction additives
SH	Introduced in 1993, repeats the SG class, but with higher requirements
S.J.	Meets the requirements of vehicle manufacturers from 1998-2000
SL	Meets the requirements of vehicle manufacturers from 2001-2004
S.M.	Meets the requirements of vehicle manufacturers from 2004-2011. For engine oils of type XW-20 and XW-30 (low temperature limit) there are increased standard requirements
SN	Meets the requirements of car manufacturers from 2011. Features limited phosphorus content for compatibility with exhaust aftertreatment systems and comprehensive energy conservation. Similar to ILSAC CF5 (low viscosity oils will be classified together)

Classifications of diesel engine maintenance

CC-CE	Canceled as obsolete
CF	Suitable for SUV diesel engines with indirect injection, as well as for engines using fuels with a high sulfur content. Can be used to replace API CD oil
CF-2	For two-stroke diesel engines manufactured since 1994 and operating in severe conditions
CF-4	For the operation of four-stroke diesel engines produced since 1988, operating in harsh conditions and reducing emissions.
CG-4	For heavy-duty four-stroke engines manufactured since 1994 that meet emission standards (less than 0.5 sulfur in fuel)
CH-4	For high-performance four-stroke engines manufactured since 1998 and meeting emission standards (less than 0.5% sulfur in fuel).
CI-4	For high-performance four-stroke engines equipped with EGR cooling (manufactured December 2001) and using low sulfur fuel.

ACEA - specifications of motor oils for gasoline (A), diesel (B) engines of passenger cars, as well as engines equipped with an exhaust gas aftertreatment system (C).

- A1/B1: motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines with a lower friction coefficient and low viscosity.HTHS( stability of the viscosity characteristics of the oil under extreme conditions, at very high temperatures) viscosity from 2.6 to 3.5 MPa.
- A3/B3: low-viscosity motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines with extended oil change intervals for year-round use.HTHS viscosity ≥ 3.5 MPa. Exceeds A1/B1 and A2/B2 regarding piston cleanliness and oxidation resistance.
- A3/B4: motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines with direct injection.Higher requirements for direct injection diesel engines (designated B4). HTHS viscosity ≥ 3.5 MPa.
- A5/B5: Motor oils for high-performance gasoline and diesel engines with oil change intervals. Designed for oils with low friction coefficient and low viscosity. HTHS ≥ 2.9.

-C1 : High performance motor oils for use in vehicles with petrol and diesel engines equipped with a particulate filter. With a low coefficient of friction, low viscosity, belonging to the Low SAPS standard (sulphated ash, phosphorus, sulfur) and with an HTHS of 2.9 mPa.

- C2: High performance motor oils for use in vehicles with petrol and diesel engines equipped with a particulate filter. Low friction, low viscosity and HTHS 2.9 mPa.These oils help extend catalyst and filter life.

- C3: High performance motor oils for use in vehicles with petrol and diesel engines equipped with a particulate filter.These oils help extend the life of the catalyst and filter.

Specification for diesel truck engines

E4 Recommended for diesel engines that meet Euro I - IV emissions. Operating under very difficult conditions, or with greatly extended oil change intervals. Suitable for engines without particulate filters.
- E6: High-performance motor oils with excellent cleaning properties that prevent wear and soot formation.Recommended for diesel engines that meet Euro I - IV emissions. Operating under very difficult conditions and with greatly extended oil change intervals. They are suitable for engines with and without exhaust gas system. Recommended for engines with diesel particulate filters when using low sulfur fuel (<50).
- E7 : High performance oils with excellent piston cleanliness control.In addition, they must meet the requirements of a high degree of protection against wear, turbocharger deposits and soot formation. Recommended for diesel engines complying with Euro I - IV, operating under very severe conditions, or with greatly extended oil change intervals. E7 oils are recommended for engines without particulate filters, most EGR engines and most engines with SCR NOx systems.
- E9 : Engine oils for engines with/without diesel particulate filters, most EGR engines and most SCR NOx engines.Sulfated ash content max. 1%.

Choosing oil for your car has always been important for car enthusiasts and owners of iron horses who care about their cars.
In particular, many copies have been broken regarding the interchangeability of oils of ILSAC and ACEA standards, the applicability of low-viscosity oils in modern engines and engines of previous generations, the dangers of using such oils under severe operating conditions and forced driving conditions. All this can be found and read on the Internet.
We, in turn, want to offer motorists several low-viscosity, full-ash motor oils from the EUROL line of fully synthetic motor oils of ACEA A5/B5 standard.

A few words about the ACEA A5/B5 standard:
This standard was created Association des Constracteuis Europeen des Automobiles (ACEA), the Association of European Automotive Engineers - Europe's largest organization consisting of the largest and most respected car manufacturers in Europe. This association has more stringent requirements for oil characteristics compared to other ILSAC and API standards.

Oils of category A5/B5 are full ash, with a sulfated ash content of up to 1.6% by weight, with volatility up to 13% by weight, with unregulated sulfur and phosphorus content. Categories Ax/Bx were created for use in internal combustion engines with external injection (injection into the intake manifold) using fuel with a high sulfur content (over 350 mg/kg). These oils must have high alkalinity numbers of 9-12.
Categories A1/B1 and A5/B5 are low-viscosity and are designed to increase the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines and, as a result, reduce emissions of toxic components and CO2, ensure extended replacement intervals and emission standards EURO - 4 and higher. These oils are intended for European high-speed and high-load/boosted gasoline and light-load diesel internal combustion engines with extended replacement intervals.

Such an important parameter as HTHS (High Temperature High Shear) this is the so-called high-temperature viscosity, which indicates the ability of the oil film on friction surfaces to resist rupture under mechanical stress and at high temperatures: for A5/B5 standard oils it is in the range of 2.9 - 3.5 mPa*s. It is worth noting that engine wear begins when this parameter is below 2.6 mPa*s.

The EUROL product line, offered by the official distributor of the brand in Russia, contains three brands of oil corresponding to the ACEA A5/B5 category: Eurol Fluence FE 5W-30, Eurol Ultrance VA 0W-30, Eurol Fortence 5W-30.

Eurol Fluence FE 5W-30 - midSAPS low ash content (0.8), hydrocracking VHVI, base number 7.7, complies with API SN, Renault RN 0700, Peugeot/Citroen PSA B71 2290 approvals.

Eurol Ultrance VA 0W-30 - full ash (1.1), low viscosity, hydrocracking VHVI, base number 9, complies with API SL/CF, Volvo VCC approval 95200377.

Eurol Fortence 5W-30 - full ash (1.13), low viscosity, hydrocracking VHVI, base number 9.93, meets API SL/CF, WSS-M2C-913D (Approved), Ford WSS-M2C-913 A/B/C & 912A, Renault RN 0700.

These oils are suitable for European cars FORD, Volvo, Renault, Peugeot, Citroen, etc. both with modern engines and with engines of previous generations requiring ACEA A5/B5, A1/B1 category oils.

If we compare ACEA A5/B5 and ILSAC GF-5 oils, we can note that these oils are largely similar in parameters. But there are differences, for example ash content. ILSAC GF-5 has higher requirements for ash content - no more than 1. Moreover, engines from Asian manufacturers can also use full-ash oils. So why not fill your Toyota or KIA with A5/B5 oil? Can! And many pour and are quite happy with the results. But it is important to understand that this oil contains more sulfur and phosphorus in the form of additives and is more likely to deposit deposits in the engine and spoil the converters. You should not run more than 10,000 km on this oil. and shorten the replacement interval if you like to “push your slippers” or are forced to make short trips in winter with long warm-ups.

Another important point regarding low-viscosity oils: there is an opinion that the lower the viscosity, the easier it is for the engine to turn. Dangerous misconception! Today, engines are specially designed for low-viscosity oils that save fuel and protect the environment. Such oils may simply not be suitable for your Ford or Renault. The low HTHS of modern low-viscosity oils, especially with aggressive driving styles, can lead to rapid engine wear.

As a result, if you want to save a little fuel and increase oil change intervals, these oils are for you. But before making a purchase decision, be sure to check the instructions to see if the manufacturer approves the use of ACEA category A5/B5 oil.

This is the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers. This organization was created to lobby the interests of automakers. One of the activities of ACEA was the issuance of requirements for the use of motor oils in the engines of companies included in this organization.
Today, the composition of its members is very impressive: BMW, DAF, Daimler-Crysler, Fiat, Ford, GM-Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN, Porshe, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Renault, SAAB-Scania, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo.

The latest edition of the ACEA motor oil classification was adopted in 2004. Starting this year, motor oils for diesel and gasoline engines of passenger cars according to ACEA have been combined into one category. But, due to the fact that not all the latest motor oils, which are classified according to the new edition of ACEA, can be used in engines of earlier years of production, motor oil manufacturers still often write on the packaging of motor oil the previously assigned quality classes according to the previous edition of 2002 .

Please note that any motor oil manufacturer that uses ACEA standards in its advertising and packaging must carry out the necessary tests in accordance with the requirements of the organization responsible for meeting the quality of motor oils with ACEA standards.

What do the numbers and letters mean in ACEA classes?

In the latest edition of ACEA (2004), motor oils are divided into three categories:

A/B- motor oils for gasoline and diesel engines. This category includes all previously developed classes A and B (until 2004, A - motor oils for gasoline engines, B - for diesel engines). Today there are four classes in this category: A1/B1-04, A3/B3-04, A3/B4-04, A5/B5-04.

WITH– a new class - motor oils for diesel and gasoline engines that meet the latest stringent exhaust gas environmental requirements Euro-4 (as amended in 2005). These motor oils are compatible with catalysts and particulate filters. Actually, it was the innovations in European environmental requirements that became the reason for the reconstruction of the ACEA classification. Today there are three classes in this new category: C1-04, C2-04, C3-04.

E– motor oils for loaded diesel engines of heavy vehicles. This category has existed since the introduction of the classification (since 1995). In 2004, cosmetic changes were made, 2 new classes E6 and E7 were added, and two other, outdated classes were excluded.

Description of classes and categories

A1/B1	Oils intended for use in gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles, in which the use of friction-reducing oils that are oil-viscous at high temperatures and high shear rates (from 2.9 to 3.5 mPa s) is possible. These oils may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
A3/B3	Oils resistant to mechanical destruction with high performance properties, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles and/or for use with extended intervals between oil changes in accordance with the recommendations of engine manufacturers, and/or for use in particularly severe operating conditions , and/or all-season use of low-viscosity oils.
A3/B4	Oils resistant to mechanical destruction with high performance properties, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines with direct fuel injection.
A5/B5	Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, intended for use with extended intervals between oil changes in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles, in which it is possible to use oils that reduce friction, have low viscosity at high temperatures and high shear rates (from 2.9 to 3. 5 mPa s). These oils may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
C1	Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalysts. They are suitable for engines that can use friction-reducing oils that are viscous at high temperatures and high shear rates (2.9 mPa s). These oils have the lowest sulfated ash content and the lowest phosphorus and sulfur content and may not be suitable for lubricating some engines. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
C2	Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalysts. They are suitable for engines that can use friction-reducing oils that are viscous at high temperatures and high shear rates (2.9 mPa s). These oils increase the service life of particulate filters and catalysts and provide fuel savings. It is necessary to follow the operating instructions and reference books.
C3	Oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles equipped with particulate filters and three-component catalysts, increase the service life of the latter.
C4	motor oils for diesel and gasoline engines that meet the latest stringent exhaust gas environmental requirements Euro-4 (as amended in 2005). Oils resistant to mechanical destruction, compatible with exhaust gas neutralization units, intended for use in highly accelerated gasoline engines and diesel engines of light vehicles requiring SAPS (reduced content of sulfated ash, phosphorus, sulfur) and a minimum HTHS viscosity (3.5mPa.s), equipped DPF particulate filters and TWC three-component catalysts increase the service life of the latter.
E6	Oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction and aging, ensuring high piston cleanliness, low wear and preventing the negative impact of soot on the properties of the oil. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines operating under particularly severe operating conditions, meeting the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3 and Euro-4 for the emission of toxic substances, and operating at significantly increased intervals between oil changes in accordance with the recommendations of automakers . They are applicable with or without particulate filters and for engines with exhaust gas recirculation, with a system of catalysts for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides. Oils of this category should be used in combination with low-sulfur diesel fuel (sulfur content no more than 0.005%).
E7	Oils that are resistant to mechanical destruction and aging, ensuring high piston cleanliness, low wear and preventing the negative impact of soot on the properties of the oil. Recommended for use in high-speed diesel engines operating under particularly severe operating conditions, meeting the requirements of Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3 and Euro-4 for the emission of toxic substances, and operating at significantly increased intervals between oil changes in accordance with the recommendations of automakers . They have high anti-wear properties, resistance to aging, prevent the formation of deposits in the turbocharger and the negative effect of soot on the properties of the oil. They are applicable in cars without particulate filters and in most engines with exhaust gas recirculation and a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst system.