MOSCOW, July 24 - RIA Novosti, Vladislav Biryukov. The ERA-GLONASS emergency response system is a fairly old government project and has acquired many legends during its development. Having talked with the head of this direction at NIS GLONASS, Dmitry Markov, the RIA Novosti correspondent tried to dispel the most common misconceptions that can be found on the Internet.
1. Why do we need ERA-GLONASS when the whole world uses GPS?
Despite the patriotic name, ERA-GLONASS does not at all reject the use of GPS. To determine the coordinates of the accident, navigation signals from both the American and Russian systems can be used - this increases the reliability of operation. This is especially true in the mountains, on a narrow street between high-rise buildings, or in the far north, where visible GPS satellites may not be enough. In such a situation, the simultaneous use of two navigation signals helps to speed up the determination of coordinates and make it more accurate.
2. I don’t want satellites to follow me
Navigation satellites, of course, do not track anyone; that would be too expensive. The ERA-GLONASS terminal only receives a navigation signal, calculates the coordinates and sends it to the data processing center... but only at the time of the accident. Working in tracker mode - with constant tracking - is not provided for by the project specifications, if only because it will require huge communication costs (this mode can be implemented additionally at the request of the car owner - if he wants to pay for such a service).
In a simplified form, the operation scheme of "ERA-GLONASS" looks like this: pressing the panic button by the driver (or triggering shock sensors in the car) - determination of coordinates by the car terminal - transmission of information about an accident via a cellular network to one of the centers of the "ERA-GLONASS" system - broadcast calling emergency services.
3. ERA-GLONASS will save many lives
This thesis is used to justify the need to implement the project, but it is not entirely correct. ERA-GLONASS itself will not save anyone; this can only be done by doctors or firefighters who arrive at the scene of the accident on time. ERA-GLONASS should only create a universal mechanism operating throughout the country for collecting information about road accidents. Then this data needs to be quickly transferred somewhere, and here (as often happens in our country, when it is necessary to ensure the interaction of several departments) problems arise.
In the future, the 112 service will become a single point for collecting such information. But all work on its creation is planned to be completed only in 2017. And the ERA-GLONASS infrastructure should be ready in a year and a half - by the end of 2013. The question arises - where to send SOS signals?
The Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (more precisely, the traffic police) now have automated systems for collecting information about emergency incidents. They use different interfaces, and so that ERA-GLONASS can interact with them, three pilot zones have now been deployed in three regions of the country.
In the Kursk region, ERA-GLONASS is connected with the pilot project of service 112, in St. Petersburg - with the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the Moscow region - with the Ministry of Emergency Situations (the test of the last zone took place on July 19). Having created such standard solutions, the developers of ERA-GLONASS hope to create a “universal constructor” that allows you to deploy the system in any region (and each usually has its own specifics) with minimal investment of money and time.
However, these are just hopes. System-112 in each region can be implemented on the basis of its own technological solutions, so the ERA-GLONASS developers will definitely have enough headaches for a century.
4. Traveled abroad by car and where is your ERA?
Depends on where exactly you went. A similar eCall project is currently underway in Europe, and the developers of the two systems are working closely together. The Russian and European systems are compatible, as confirmed by several tests already carried out in border areas.
eCall uses GPS (and in the future the European Galileo system, which is just being created) and the same GSM call as in ERA-GLONASS. There are some differences, but they do not interfere with teamwork. For example, in ERA-GLONASS, unlike eCall, if a voice call for some reason does not go through, a backup option with SMS is provided. In our country, where the quality of cellular communications is inferior to the average European one, this is a useful precaution.
Negotiations are underway with the countries of the Customs Union - Belarus and Kazakhstan - on the implementation of Russian standards, so that in the future, ERA-GLONASS should become a standard in most of the neighboring countries.
5. Most of the country’s territory is not covered by cellular communications - the system will obviously not work
So far this is half a myth, half a truth. According to the latest study by Roskomnadzor, more than half of Russia's territory is still covered by cellular networks, even if only the “big three” operators are taken into account. If you highlight in these statistics only roads with serious traffic, the result will be much better.
Of course, it is hardly realistic to cover 100% of Russian roads with networks in the next decade. But the state is already concerned about the situation with the most important routes in the North-South and West-East transport corridors. In April, Deputy Prime Minister Vladislav Surkov said that within a year and a half, one and a half to two billion rubles would be allocated from the state budget for the development of mobile communications coverage on federal highways. Approximately the same amount should be invested in the project by telecom operators.
SIM cards, or rather SIM chips that perform their role, built into the ERA-GLONASS terminal must work in any GSM network, regardless of its affiliation. An ERA-GLONASS call is processed according to the same rules and with the same increased priority as a regular telephone call to 112, which ensures compatibility in the networks of different operators.
6. By 2015, all car owners will have to buy an ERA-GLONASS terminal
This misconception is widely circulated in the media. In fact, according to the draft new technical regulations for wheeled vehicles of the Customs Union (which has not yet been adopted), from January 1, 2015, only new models of passenger cars should be equipped with ERA-GLONASS terminals, the sale of which (models) begins on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Models that received type approval (essentially certified) before the beginning of 2015 can be sold without terminals. A car, even a new one, which is imported from abroad not by an importing company, but by a private individual, also does not require ERA-GLONASS equipment. A car that is already in use is again not subject to the requirements (although the owner will be able to install a terminal if he wants).
However, this is all according to the draft technical regulations - the Council of the Eurasian Commission must make a final decision on it before the end of this year.
For some types of transport (buses, taxis, including minibuses, carriers of dangerous goods), ERA-GLONASS terminals should become mandatory earlier - from October 1, 2014.
In addition, satellite navigation equipment (not subject to the ERA-GLONASS specifications) for monitoring transportation and ensuring its safety should appear on passenger and freight transport even earlier.
7. It’s unclear how much it will cost.
The ERA-GLONASS infrastructure is being created using budget funds, and the basic service itself - emergency response - will be free for users. The terminals will be paid for by buyers of new cars, which will simply increase in price slightly.
How much they will grow - each automaker will decide for themselves according to their own appetites. The cost of the terminal is close to the price of a simple mobile phone and should not exceed a hundred dollars to provide basic functionality.
Additional commercial services that are supposed to be built “on top” of ERA-GLONASS will be paid separately and at will.
In principle, a standard module with navigation and GSM communication allows you to organize many additional services: from search and security alarms and “black boxes” that automatically record the circumstances of an accident, to the sale of CASCO policies with a floating price - depending on the aggressiveness of the driving style and organization in the car Wi-Fi hotspot. However, most of these options will require both an increase in the cost of car terminals and additional investments in infrastructure.
For example, the basic accuracy of determining coordinates in ERA-GLONASS - 15 meters - is clearly insufficient for analyzing accidents using satellite tracker data. Here it will be necessary to introduce differential correction systems, and this is by no means a cheap pleasure over a vast territory of the country.
However, in any case, ERA-GLONASS creates a new window of opportunity for the industry due to the appearance in the future of a standard navigation and communication module in every car.
By the way, some automakers (GM, Volvo, BMW) have long been selling cars with proprietary automatic accident notification systems - as a rule, this option is not cheap and requires a paid subscription to the service.
8. “ERA-GLONASS” is another measure to support a domestic automaker that is uncompetitive in the global market
It is unlikely that ERA-GLONASS will become a protective measure for the products of foreign automakers. The cost of the terminals, as already mentioned, is low. Their specifications will be open. Considering the fairly capacious market (not only Russian), production will most likely be carried out by large suppliers of automotive components - primarily foreign ones.
GLONASS support should not become a stumbling block either. For example, the American company Qualcomm - and this is one of the world's largest developers of telecommunications components - all modern chipsets for use in cars support not only GPS, but also GLONASS.
Manufacturers also have time to integrate terminals - let us remind you, into new car models. It is unlikely that the technological integration of eCall equipment for BMW or Audi will differ noticeably from ERA-GLONASS; most likely, the versions of cars for the European Union and Russia will differ only in the firmware code.
Regulatory legal framework
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General issues
What is the ERA-GLONASS system and why was it created?
"ERA-GLONASS" is a state emergency response system for accidents and other emergency situations on the roads. The main goal of creating the ERA-GLONASS system is to reduce the time it takes for information about an accident to reach emergency response services, which will reduce the mortality and injury rates of drivers and passengers of vehicles involved in an accident or other emergency situation on the road. According to experts, the ERA-GLONASS system will save about 4 thousand people annually by reducing the response time to accidents.
On September 18, 2012, by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1732-r, the sole executor of the project to create the ERA-GLONASS system determined the Non-Profit Partnership GLONASS, a federal network operator in the field of navigation activities.
What is the operating principle of the system? How does information reach emergency response services?
A navigation and communication terminal of the ERA-GLONASS system is installed on the vehicle. In the event of an accident, the terminal automatically makes an emergency call, which is priority served by the available mobile communications network and transmitted to the ERA-GLONASS system. It is possible (in the event of an accident or other emergency situation) to make an emergency call when the driver or passenger presses a special SOS button. In this case, information is transmitted about the exact coordinates, time and severity of the accident, as well as the VIN of the vehicle.
After filtering false calls by the operator of the contact center of the ERA-GLONASS system, calls that require a response and data about the accident are transmitted to the 112 system or to the duty department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which, using this information, effectively initiates and coordinates the response of emergency operational services.
To ensure reliable operation of ERA-GLONASS, redundancy of the operation of all system elements is provided.
How much does the ERA-GLONASS service cost?
For car owners, the service of the ERA-GLONASS system will be free for the entire period of operation of the car equipped with the terminal.
Why are filtering contact centers needed?
According to statistics, up to 75% of calls to existing commercial (non-state) emergency services are false. Taking into account the prospects of equipping vehicles with terminals, as well as the provided opportunity to make an emergency call not only in the event of an accident, but also in other emergency situations, the load on the 112 system and emergency services throughout the country would increase significantly. Specialized filtering contact centers of the ERA-GLONASS system will relieve the burden on operators of the 112 system, to whom in this case only calls requiring an emergency response are transferred.
How many cars will be equipped with terminals in 2015?
The number of vehicles equipped with ERA-GLONASS terminals will constantly increase in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles.” According to experts, in the first year of mandatory equipment, it is planned to equip about 320 thousand vehicles equipped with ERA-GLONASS terminals.
When will all cars have an ERA-GLONASS terminal?
In accordance with the amendments to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On the Safety of Wheeled Vehicles”, adopted on January 30, 2013, a procedure has been established for the mandatory equipping of vehicles with ERA-GLONASS terminals.
Thus, vehicles of category M1, included in the scope of application of UNECE Regulations No. 94 and 95, as well as category N1, included in the scope of application of UNECE Regulations No. 95, must be equipped with an emergency call system:
- from January 1, 2016 - vehicles used for the commercial transportation of passengers and the transportation of dangerous goods, solid waste and garbage (garbage trucks), released into circulation in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union;
- from January 1, 2017 - ALL vehicles put into circulation in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Can I independently install the ERA-GLONASS terminal on my car and connect to the service?
The owner of a vehicle in operation has the right and opportunity, on his own initiative, to connect to the ERA-GLONASS state system. To do this, he needs to purchase a terminal and contact a certified installation center to install it. The cost of installation is determined by the installation center and is regulated within the framework of market competition.
Can I get help if my car is attacked?
The driver and passengers of a vehicle in the event of an abnormal or emergency situation on the road associated with a threat to the life and health of people have the opportunity to manually (by pressing a special ergonomic button) via wireless communication channels in call priority mode contact the operator of the filtering contact center of the system " ERA-GLONASS". In this case, data on the location of the vehicle is automatically transmitted.
ERA-GLONASS equipment
What are the similarities and differences between the device and the ERA-GLONASS emergency call system?
According to basic functional properties (determining the coordinates, speed and direction of movement of a vehicle using signals from at least two operating global navigation satellite systems, using GSM/UMTS mobile radiotelephone networks to transmit messages about a vehicle in case of road traffic and other incidents in manual mode (by pressing the “Emergency Call” button, as well as for two-way voice communication with emergency services) the device and the system for calling emergency services are completely identical. The main difference between the in-vehicle emergency call system and the device is that the system has an automatic response function in case of accidents. Automatic activation can be carried out based on signals from airbag sensors or other components of the vehicle's passive safety systems, as well as from special sensors that determine the acceleration of the vehicle at the time of the accident. In addition, in-vehicle emergency call systems are characterized by a greater degree of integration into the design of the vehicle and the use of standard vehicle components to implement the functions assigned to the system. For example, standard speakers and a microphone to provide two-way loudspeaker communication with emergency operators.
Taking into account the existing differences, the categories of vehicles for which systems and devices for calling in-vehicle emergency services are intended also differ.
What is included in the equipment kit installed on the car?
The main components of in-vehicle emergency call systems/devices that implement their functional properties established by the technical regulations of the Customs Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” (TR CU 018/2011) include: navigation module (receiver of GLONASS and other GNSS signals); communication module (GSM/UMTS modem); built-in non-removable universal multi-profile SIM/e UICC chip; tone modem; antennas (antenna) GNSS/GSM/UMTS; user interface block with an “Emergency call” button; status indicator block; control controller; internal non-volatile memory and RAM; backup power supply; automatic accident identification sensor, etc. Various options for the constructive combination of the above components are possible, which depend on the method (configuration) of installing the in-vehicle emergency call system/device on the vehicle (in the form of additional equipment or a standard system/device) and are mainly determined by the requirements, presented to them by the vehicle manufacturer.
The recommended delivery package for systems/devices configured as additional equipment is given in GOST R 54620-2011 (section 21.1). The delivery set for standard systems is determined by the vehicle manufacturer. Thus, to ensure loud-speaking communication (by decision of the vehicle manufacturer), the standard microphone and speakers of the vehicle can be used. To determine the location of the vehicle, a navigation module and an external GNSS antenna (from the standard multimedia system of the vehicle) can be used. However, in these cases, the specified (standard) vehicle components must be tested as part of in-vehicle emergency call systems/devices to confirm their compliance with the established requirements.
How does ERA-GLONASS equipment work in the event of an accident?
In the event of an accident, the terminal automatically makes an emergency call, which is priority served by the available mobile communications network and transmitted to the ERA-GLONASS system. It is possible (in the event of an accident or other emergency situation on the road) to make an emergency call when the driver or passenger presses the special SOS or “Emergency Call” button. In this case, information is transmitted about the exact coordinates, time and severity of the accident, as well as the VIN of the vehicle. In addition, during an emergency call, a voice connection is established between persons in the cabin (cabin) of the vehicle and operators of the ERA-GLONASS system or emergency operational services. After filtering false calls, calls requiring a response and data about the accident are transmitted to the 112 system or to the duty station of the regional department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the scene of the accident, which, using the information received, effectively initiates and coordinates the response carried out by emergency operational services.
Who produces ERA-GLONASS equipment?
A terminal that meets the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles,” which must be confirmed by a certificate of conformity, is installed on the vehicle before it is put into circulation by the automaker in production, or by the dealer during pre-sale preparation. The car manufacturer and/or dealer independently selects the ERA-GLONASS terminal that will be installed on the vehicle.
The production of ERA-GLONASS terminals is carried out by dozens of large companies, both Russian (Santel-Navigation, SpaceTeam, Fort Telecom, Itelma and others) and foreign (Continental, Denso, Valeo, Peiker, etc. .d.). A list of manufacturers of ERA-GLONASS terminals is contained in a special section of the website.
Regulatory technical base
What is the requirement for equipping vehicles with in-vehicle devices/systems for calling emergency operational services "ERA-GLONASS"?
The main document establishing the requirements for the mandatory equipping of vehicles with systems and devices for calling emergency services, as well as the requirements for these systems and devices, is the technical regulation of the Customs Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” (TR CU 018/2011).
In accordance with TR CU 018/2011 (as amended No. 1 dated January 30, 2013), the following deadlines are established for equipping vehicles with ERA-GLONASS in-vehicle emergency call systems and devices:
Vehicles of category M1, included in the scope of application of UN Regulations No. 94 and 95, as well as category N1, included in the scope of application of UN Regulation No. 95, are equipped with emergency call systems for operational services;
- from January 1, 2015 – vehicles undergoing the type approval procedure for compliance with the requirements of technical regulations for the FIRST TIME;
- from January 1, 2016 - vehicles used for the commercial transportation of passengers, specifically designed for the transportation of children aged 6 to 16 years and the transportation of dangerous goods, solid waste and garbage (garbage trucks), as well as tractors used for towing trailers, transporting dangerous goods released into circulation on the territory of the countries of the Customs Union;
Vehicles of category M1 that are not included in the scope of UN Regulations No. 94 and 95 are equipped with emergency call devices; categories N1, not included in the scope of UN Regulation No. 95, as well as categories M2, M3, N2, N3.
- from January 1, 2015 – vehicles undergoing the type approval procedure for compliance with the requirements of technical regulations for the FIRST TIME;
- from January 1, 2017 - ALL vehicles put into circulation in the territory of the countries of the Customs Union.
What are the technical requirements for automotive devices/systems for calling emergency services "ERA-GLONASS"? What standards are there?
Requirements for vehicles regarding the installation of devices and systems for calling emergency operational services are set out in paragraphs 16 and 17, respectively, of Appendix No. 3 to the technical regulations of the Customs Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” (TR CU 018/2011).
The Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (Astana, May 29, 2014), which entered into force on January 1, 2015, established (Article 52) that in order to comply with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Union and assess compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Union, international and regional (interstate) standards, and in case of their absence, national (state) standards of the Union member states.
More information about regulatory technical documents in the field of navigation and the use of GLONASS can be found in the corresponding section of the site.
In what form is confirmation of the compliance of devices/systems for calling emergency services "ERA-GLONASS" with the established requirements carried out?
Confirmation of compliance of devices/systems for calling emergency operational services "ERA-GLONASS" with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of wheeled vehicles" (TR CU 018/2011) is carried out in the form of mandatory certification according to scheme 2c.
An accredited testing laboratory (center) conducts tests of a standard product sample. After that, the accredited body for certification of quality management systems carries out certification of the manufacturer’s quality management system and issues the applicant a certificate for the quality management system. The accredited product certification body issues the applicant a certificate of conformity for serially produced products and carries out inspection control of certified products.
Where to get certified? (device/system for calling in-vehicle emergency services "ERA-GLONASS" and a vehicle equipped with a device/system for calling in-vehicle emergency services)
In accordance with the technical regulations of the Customs Union “On the safety of wheeled vehicles” (TR CU 018/2011), confirmation of compliance of systems/devices for calling emergency services with the requirements of the specified technical regulations is carried out by certification bodies and testing laboratories accredited in the national accreditation systems of the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union and included in the Unified Register of Certification Bodies and Testing Laboratories of the Eurasian Economic Union. Accreditation of certification bodies and testing laboratories is carried out by national accreditation bodies in accordance with the national legislation of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.
In 2014, the first laboratory for certification of ERA-GLONASS devices appeared. The ERA testing laboratory of the Svyaz-Certificate certification center has completed the accreditation process, as a result of which the Federal Accreditation Agency issued an appropriate certificate. The ERA laboratory is designed to test components that provide satellite navigation and calling emergency services.
Vehicles equipped with in-vehicle emergency call devices can be certified at the NAMI Test Center. To date, more than 15 successful tests of complete vehicles have been carried out.
Regulatory legal framework
What regulatory documents govern the operation of the ERA-GLONASS system?
The creation of the ERA-GLONASS system in October 2009 was approved by the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for the modernization and technological development of the Russian economy. On January 1, 2014, the federal law of February 28, 2013 N 395-FZ “On the State Automated Information System “ERA-GLONASS” came into force.
In July 2015, amendments were made to the Federal Law on ERA-GLONASS, according to which the created high-tech infrastructure of the ERA-GLONASS system can be used to provide commercial services and should be used in the creation of government and other navigation and information systems.
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Car enthusiasts have long appreciated the beauty of satellite navigation and actively use it. For many, today it is impossible to imagine driving cross-country somewhere in a remote corner or urban jungle without a navigator. With the commissioning of the Russian GLONASS system, emergency and public services got rid of many problems. And ordinary citizens received previously unavailable tools provided by the GLONASS installation on their cars.
What is the GLONASS system?
The abbreviation means “global navigation satellite system.” This is the Russian analogue of the American GPS, based on the reception of satellite signals. There are a total of 24 satellites, evenly distributed over three Earth orbits in three planes at an altitude of 19 km. This is enough for global coverage of the earth's surface and near-Earth space.
The system is already used to track the movement of special-purpose vehicles. Due to the implementation of the system, control increases:
- speed limit and vehicle location;
- drivers' working hours;
- fuel consumption;
Thanks to the system, operating costs can be reduced. In addition, constant communication with the driver is ensured, and the use of the SOS panic button from “ ” significantly increases the safety of the driver and cargo.
Work principles
The ERA-GLONASS system kit includes:
- modules – navigation and 3G;
- control unit with SOS button;
- shock sensor;
- microphone;
- speaker.
In the event of an emergency, information is transmitted to the rescue service via cellular communication. The terminal has its own SIM card, the number of which is entered in the vehicle passport.
The system recognizes frontal, side impacts and rollovers thanks to the accelerometer and sends information via the World Wide Web:
- about coordinates;
- number of passengers (fastened);
- about speed and overload at the moment of collision;
- VIN code, car color and fuel used.
The communication module can use any network. The signal contains only 140 bytes, which makes the system effective even with low Internet speeds. If data transmission is not available, the signal will be sent in the form of SMS. You can also do this manually by pressing the SOS button.
The ERA-GLONASS operator makes a call to the car device and finds out the details. If there is no response, rescuers and doctors are sent to the site. The crews' arrival time is ensured within 20 minutes.
How to install GLONASS
Installation of the ERA-GLONASS system on cars is carried out in certified centers. But the procedure does not require high qualifications and can easily be carried out on your own:
- The completeness and availability of the connection diagram is checked.
- A suitable location for the terminal is selected. A car tracker is often placed inside the dashboard so that it does not touch moving mechanisms.
- The antenna is being installed. If the instrument panel does not have a metal coating, the antenna is hidden in it. The optimal place is under the windshield.
- The connection to the on-board electrical network is being made. Can be included in the alarm circuit or interior lighting.
- The joints are sealed. This is necessary to control interference in the system.
Now you know how to install ERA-GLONASS on a car, in theory, but let's look at how this is done in practice. 
For a passenger car
Installation time on a passenger car is no more than half an hour. As a rule, this is done at the place where the device was purchased, that is, at a service center. Although the voluntary installation of ERA-GLONASS on passenger cars has not yet become widespread, some owners independently make this decision.
The process is simple, but requires care and ability to handle a tester, screwdriver, knife, insulating tape and double-sided tape. The system units need to be connected to a 12V network. It is often connected to the fuse box.
When choosing a location, their dimensions are taken into account. If the ERA-GLONASS equipment has a large terminal, it is placed behind the panel or under the side trim, sometimes on the windshield behind the rear-view mirror. Fastening is carried out using adhesive tape.
In the latter case, power is taken from the interior lamp. It is removed, and the mounting screws are unscrewed. Next, the tester determines the positive wire into which the plus of the system (red) cuts into. The negative (black) is connected to ground. Everything is twisted (it’s better to solder), insulated, and the lampshade is returned to its place.
When installing ERA-GLONASS equipment on a car in a panel, it is necessary to partially disassemble it. Fastening is performed with clamps to the power ribs or other fixed parts or technological cutouts. The wiring is routed to the fuse box or radio. The antenna is installed on the windshield, so the wire to it is pulled under the trim of the side pillars.
But this is only installing the GLONASS button on a passenger car. To install shock sensors correctly, some skill is required.
When you need to get the most out of your system, you should turn to professionals. They will install the blocks so that the timing will work, it will be possible to record fuel consumption, speed, and so on.
For a truck
Installing GLONASS on trucks for this very reason requires more time. The requirements for the systems are maximum, and therefore additional equipment is required:
- fuel sensor;
- tachograph.
Due to this, the operation can take up to two hours. Otherwise there are no differences.
Differences between GLONASS and GPS systems
GPS appeared in our everyday life earlier and has already proven its effectiveness. Both the American and Russian systems are global. Access to both is unlimited and free.
The number of satellites is the same here and there. A special feature of GPS is that the satellite constellation has four orbits. As a result, more stable signal reception is ensured anywhere in the world.
So far, GPS is a little more accurate (the error is 1.5 times less) and covers the whole world, but our system has only just received decent development.
Today, GLONASS signals are available throughout the Russian Federation and 60% of the planet.
Moreover, the Swedish company of the nationwide satellite network made an official statement in which it recognized the advantage of GLONASS in northern latitudes. In other words, the Russians will always have their own system better.
Is installation required?
Of course, manufacturers will not fail to take advantage of the situation to once again raise prices. According to forecasts, a golf car will cost 15 thousand rubles more, and luxury cars will rise in price even more.
Today, a license to install a GLONASS device is issued only at the Svyaz-Certificate certification center. As automakers say, this monopolist sets unreasonably high prices for its services.
Panic button "GLONASS"
Since January 1 last year, the GLONASS emergency button in cars has been included in the list of mandatory equipment for commercial vehicles. All passenger and freight transport operators, as well as utility companies, have converted their fleets. Yes, the state demanded this, but everyone enjoys the benefits.
The GLONASS panic button is a cell phone integrated with a satellite system that, independently or with manual activation, sends a packet of mobile data and a call to the emergency number.
At the same time, the GLONASS emergency call button can be configured for various events, which increases the variability of its use.
"ERA-GLONASS" - what a panic button can do: Video
Road safety is one of the main tasks that the state system has been working on for several years in a row. According to statistics, about 12,000 accidents occurred in May 2017, which is undoubtedly a large number. Many of the measures taken are already in effect, while others are still in the draft stage. One of the latest trends in this area was the introduction of the ERA-GLONASS system. What is it and where is it used? This will be discussed in our article.
Security system "ERA-GLONASS"
An analogue that served as a working example is the eCall system introduced in Europe in 2001. As part of this project, special equipment is installed on each vehicle to quickly notify rescue services about what has happened. This has significantly reduced the mortality rate due to such incidents by providing timely assistance.
The domestic implementation was named "ERA-GLONASS". The abbreviation stands for emergency response in case of accidents. Second part - Global navigation
Its main task, like its European counterpart, is to quickly notify specialized services about an accident or accident in automatic mode. According to domestic experts, this will slightly reduce the number of victims of road accidents.
How does ERA-GLONASS work?
The main component of the system can be considered special equipment installed on the vehicle. It has navigator and data transfer functions. In the event of an incident, the system automatically assesses the severity of the accident and sends information to a common server. It is also possible to call for help directly by the driver by pressing a special button.
This approach generates many false positives, which in practice have to be filtered out. For this purpose, a single center has been organized that is capable of processing incoming information and only then sending general data to the competent services. This will reduce the workload on 112 employees and more effectively provide assistance to those who need it.
Implementation history
The first steps towards implementing the program were taken in 2009. That's when development began. Then the project was transferred under the management of the GLONASS partnership. A trial introduction was carried out in early 2013 in several regions of the country. Then the coverage increased, and 63 subjects were already included in testing. And by the end of 2013, full service to all regions had already been implemented.
According to the rules for equipping vehicles, from January 1, 2015, all technical equipment that passed its first compliance with the regulations had to receive equipment. Then, from January 1, 2016, all vehicles transporting people and goods must be equipped. And since the beginning of 2017, all vehicles have already been used.
The first production cars equipped with the ERA-GLONASS system from the factory were Lada Vesta. Its owners have probably already noticed a special SOS button on the top control panel.
The implementation provisions are regulated by the federal law “On the state information system “ERA-GLONASS”” dated December 28, 2013.
Equipment
The first thing to mention when talking about devices is the navigation module. It is he who receives signals from GLONASS satellites and, in case of trouble, sends coordinates along with a request for help. The communication module uses data transmission via GSM or UMTS technologies. Naturally, the bundle must include an identification device - a built-in SIM chip. The modem and antenna are responsible for direct data transmission.
A separate module is also responsible for analyzing the condition of the car, i.e. calculating the fact of an accident. The entire system uses RAM and ROM. And in order for the ERA-GLONASS equipment to function without interruption, there is a backup power source.
Physically, the complex is a set of various modules and boxes connected to each other. The control panel displays a separate button with indicators for manual emergency calling.
Depending on the vehicle configuration, the list of equipment may be slightly changed.
A number of both domestic and foreign manufacturers are engaged in the development of devices and modules.
Step-by-step review of the system in the event of an emergency
The ERA-GLONASS security system in the event of an accident immediately begins collecting data about what happened. Location information, VIN code, accident details and time are read. The research package also includes the type of fuel and color of the car.
For this purpose, all sensors and measuring mechanisms are used. Then, through communication devices, this data is transmitted to the central ERA-GLONASS server. Here the information is processed, the fact of urgency and relevance of the accident is established.
The company claims that data travels from the ERA-GLONASS terminal to the database in 20 seconds. If there are additional communication channels in the car, it is also possible to transfer information via them. For example, via SMS.
After the fact of an accident has been established on the ERA-GLONASS base, the received data is processed and, depending on the severity, the necessary services are notified - the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the ambulance and the traffic police.
Equipment installation procedure
After the vehicle has entered the territory of the Russian Federation, it must be subjected to installation of the ERA-GLONASS system. To serve the population, there are accredited centers that perform this procedure and equipment testing. It is worth noting that the mandatory installation of "ERA-GLONASS" applies only to vehicles that arrived and left the factory. But every car owner can, on his own initiative, become the owner of this system. However, there is one small difference - only a simplified version can be installed in used cars. This means that in the event of an accident, you will have to report it manually, using a special button.
The installation procedure of the ERA-GLONASS system itself does not take much time. Specialists will install the equipment, test it and register it in the database.
Current stage of project implementation
According to the law, “ERA-GLONASS” must be on all imported vehicles that undergo technical compliance. Because of this, there was a slight collapse in the Far East. The fact is that the number of incoming vehicles is growing, but manufacturers do not have time to create the necessary equipment. Thus, in the Russian Federation there is a car, but you cannot drive it, since it does not comply with technical regulations.
Individual representatives of repurchasing organizations have already managed to profit from this. They purchase equipment and install it on cars, which are then sold at inflated prices.
In general, until the market for ERA-GLONASS devices is saturated and begins to meet the needs of car owners, the installation procedure will remain only a headache.
What is the price?
According to the company, the cost of ERA-GLONASS will be in the range from 18 to 25 thousand rubles. But in practice, due to a shortage of necessary equipment in some regions, the price can jump to 80 thousand rubles. Also, a lot depends on the manufacturers and the final cost of modules and devices.
Information has again appeared in the media and social networks that from January 1, 2018, even old cars will be forced to be equipped with the ERA-GLONASS system at the expense of the owners, and the installation cost will be 24 thousand rubles. Is it necessary to install ERA-GLONASS in an old car from 01/01/2018?
“From January 1 of next year, all vehicles in Russia must be equipped with the ERA-GLONASS system. The disadvantage of the innovation is obvious: the costs of purchasing and installing the corresponding system. It is worth recalling that the announced change should have come into force at the beginning of this year, but then the government decided to push back the deadline for its implementation by exactly 12 months." .
Such information was previously published in many media and social networks. Yesterday, alarming reports appeared again that from January 1, motorists will be forced to fork out 24 thousand rubles, which will be used for the mandatory installation of the ERA-GLONASS system.
In fact, this information is not true. All new car models in Russia must be equipped with the ERA-GLONASS system from the factory, starting from January 1, 2017. No amendments obliging all cars, including old ones, to be equipped with ERA-GLONASS modules have been adopted. Even the cost of the system is incorrectly indicated in the messages - the ERA-GLONASS module now costs 22,361 rubles, including VAT.
The car owner must independently install the system in one case - if he imports a foreign car without ERA-GLONASS into Russian territory through customs. The mandatory installation of "ERA-GLONASS" does not apply to other drivers. If desired, it can be installed for money, on a voluntary basis
As for the changes in ERA-GLONASS from January 1, 2018, they exist, but of a completely different nature. We are talking about the automatic transmission of accident data to insurers. From January 1, 2018, data on road accidents will be transferred from the state automated information system "ERA-GLONASS" to the automated information system MTPL. But this service will be voluntary and paid - it is necessary to conclude an additional agreement. agreement with JSC GLONASS.
