Standard immobilizer - what is it? How the Ford Focus immobilizer key works.

In this article, auto electrician Alexey Molotov answers the question “Where is the Ford Focus 3 immobilizer located?”

ATTENTION: LOTS OF LETTERS!

_________________________________
Hi all!
Thank God everything is fine with me, but a friend had a problem, I would even say trouble.
Last night he called me and asked me to bring his Ford Focus 3 (2014) home, saying an error popped up and wouldn’t start, I’ll come and take a look.
We have an error on the information board “Immobilizer enabled. See the instructions,” I started digging on the Internet, all I found was the same error that occurs in people at low temperatures, in winter, but here it is summer, the cabin warms up to 45-50 degrees in the parking lot. My first thought is that the key is lost because... The battery is new, then the battery option was discarded. As luck would have it, the tool was at home, and it means going to the opposite end of the city, the steering casing cannot be removed, and the immo ring cannot be reached. The second key to the car is at his house, a house in Ryazan, which is 75 km from the city + 15 around the city, I persuade him to go after it, we bring it and... (there was a nervous smoke break and the hope that the key will help)... and to hell with it! It’s almost midnight, the car won’t lock, we leave it in the office parking lot, under guard, and go home.
At lunchtime today I took off the immo ring, it rang, it was intact. At the end of the working day, they recommended the best auto electrician to us, gave us his phone number, we called, explained the situation, that immo lost the key, what should we do? He immediately says that it is necessary to program again, this is not for him, for someone else, he is located somewhere, ask, everyone knows him. Ambush, it’s almost 7 pm, he’s no longer at work. Then I remember that they gave me a business card, they are manufacturing and flashing chips for the immobilizer, we called. The girl at the other end of the line explained that of course they could come out and take a lot of money from us, but first we need to try to charge the battery, saying that the immobilizer antenna is not enough, that’s why it doesn’t work, that usually this always helps. We thanked her and drove home, it was time for dinner, after which I grabbed the neighbor’s battery (I just took it off the charger, he always has a spare one) and flew back to Ford, in my soul the last hope for the battery that it would help. We put it in, cross ourselves, put the key in the lock, turn it and... to hell with it!
While I was driving home, I took a multimeter and checked ALL the fuses in three blocks, all are intact, power is coming.

I missed the main problem, while we were dragging the car to the office parking lot, the owner of the car was 100% sure that his emergency lights were working, but I saw in the mirror that he was driving without any lights. We find out that all the devices that are controlled by the brain do not work: Dimensions, lights (both), lights in the interior and glove compartment, emergency lights, heating, unlocking the trunk and all doors, also locking, signal, and some other functions. At the same time, everything is displayed on the panel that the lights, turn signal, and emergency lights were turned on (that’s why he was sure, because the panel was blinking).
In general, now we were tinkering with it until almost 11 o’clock and when we left we noticed that when the doors were closed the panel did not go out, just for fun I pressed lock on the key fob and voila, it went out! Those. the brain received information from the key that the car was locked. Holy crap, he sees the key, the key is not lost by the immobilizer! This made our brain explode even more!
I conclude: the ECU receives information, but does not control anything, there is information input, but no output!

I apologize for the many letters, I wanted to describe it in more detail so that there would be no unnecessary questions addressed to me.
I would be very grateful for reposting this post, maybe among your subscribers there will be a person who can point you on the right path.
Thank you for your attention!
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Exactly a month later, the GEM module was changed, this is the unit that stands at the passenger’s feet. That was the problem; I found a used one at a salvage shop in Moscow for 2,800 rubles (a new one costs 23,000). The service guys tied it up (fixed it).
I won’t delete the topic, in case it comes in handy for someone!

No signs of trouble. I open the car as usual, turn the key and silence! On the dashboard there is an inscription: “The immobilizer is turned on, see the instructions!” Shock, bewilderment, panic... We have to go somehow... I called Alexey RedPepper88 asking for help. Thank you Alexey for pointing me in the right direction to solve the problem over the phone.

I assumed it was one of three possible reasons:
1. Non-standard signaling with auto start (oh, and they told me not to mess with this shit).
2. Wiring the antenna of the standard immobilizer.
3. Antenna of the standard immobilizer.
The car is brick, I take the subway to work, I’m screwed with anger...
Forscan returned a single error B10D7:87-2F.

I decided everything radically. I called Anton AntoshichCBR and sent my father-in-law to get the antenna and wiring, thanks for the fact that he had everything in stock. Thank you Anton for helping out! I looked on the Internet for wiring diagrams for the signaling and realized that with a mass installation of the blocking, the signaling is normally closed, which means you can simply turn off the power to the signaling. The car is needed constantly, so I didn’t bother to find out the specific reason, I decided to do everything at the same time.
I changed the immobilizer antenna ring, threw temporary wires into the BCM unit, fortunately Anton cut off the long ends, and took out the signaling fuse. The key does not start and voila, the car starts.
At the dacha, I ran the wires under the dashboard, returned the fuse to the signaling system, and everything worked. The root cause is not clear to me, but there is still a suspicion of an alarm. We'll see what happens next...
I’ve never encountered this before, but I’ve never set abnormal alarms before.
Thank you to everyone who read to the end, and as always, good luck on the roads!

Page 54

The engine immobilizer is a system
anti-theft protection, which is not
allows the engine to start incorrectly
programmed key.

Note: Avoid shielding
keys with metal objects. This
may disrupt the recognition process
key receiver.

Note: If you lose your key,
the remaining keys will be needed
erase from memory and
reprogram For additional
For information please contact
to your dealer. Replaceable
the keys need to be recoded together
with existing keys.

If you have lost your key, a replacement key
can be obtained from your service provider
Ford dealer. Please let me know if possible
dealer, the key number indicated on the label,
which were supplied with the original
keys. In addition, you can get from
your Ford dealer
additional keys.

Engine immobilizer turns on
automatically some time after
turning off the ignition.

Engine immobilizer is disabled
automatically after turning on the ignition
correctly coded key.

According to statistical data, it can be argued that in the 21st century there is practically no car that does not use such an option as an immobilizer, which in translation presumably means “immobilizer.” This “miracle of electronics” is intended to protect a car or other vehicle from theft by a simple way of disabling systems or components of the car (most often the immobilizer is produced by the engine starting unit). Oddly enough, the inventors of such auxiliary devices belong to a number of original Soviet car enthusiasts.

Perhaps some people remember those times (early 80s) when, in order to protect their cars from theft, drivers used a secret button that was mounted in the vehicle. And no wonder, because during these years, surges in thefts in the USSR were observed in almost every region and city. And since people at that time had no idea about other security technologies besides barn locks, in response to frightening newspaper reports about the increase in thefts, motorists began to want to protect their “iron trotters” on their own. This is how the idea of ​​a motor starting unit with a secret switch arose. To create this, car owners broke one of the electrical circuits and inserted a secret button there.

The system worked according to this scheme: when the button was pressed or turned on, the circuit closed, which allowed the engine to start in normal mode. Since this button held all the security of the car, the drivers hid it in a secret place known only to themselves. As a rule, as practice has shown, such a button was hidden either under the dashboard or under the driver’s seat. Among the broken circuits on cars of the domestic manufacturer were the start (battery -), ground (battery - ground) and ignition (battery - coil) circuits. Soon, such security systems became outdated, and they were replaced by new, innovative solutions called immobilizers, which will be discussed in this article. Although, until now, none of the “technological innovations” in the field of car security can do without the same, aforementioned secret button. So, let's figure out what a “standard immobilizer” is and what it is used with.

1. What does a standard immobilizer consist of?

A-priory, An immobilizer (popularly called immo) is a type of anti-theft system that can prevent the engine from being illegally started using a homemade key or without a key at all for the purpose of theft. In essence, an immobilizer is a kind of locking device that can prevent the engine from starting and functioning during theft. The blocking actions are transferred either to the fuel pump, or the ignition, or the computer, and the starter can also be blocked. Typically built into the car key.

In its turn, Immobilizers are usually divided into two large groups - standard and additional. We are interested in standard immobilizers, so we will talk about them further. Such an anti-theft system is installed during the assembly process of the car, with which it is, as it were, “aligned”. Thanks to special software, it is able to restrict all possible access to the car engine control unit. An interesting fact is that a system of this kind in some European countries has received the status of mandatory installation since 1998. Among standard immobilizers, wireless (transponder) immobilizers are especially popular among car manufacturers and buyers. The structure of such “helpers” consists of an ignition key chip, an antenna and a control unit. And now about each component in more detail.

The ignition key chip, unlike other elements, is wireless and is a unique radio frequency identification tag RFID(Radio Frequency Identification). As a rule, such a mark is placed in the head of the physical ignition key. The label has another name - transponder(literally from English - radio responder). It is in this name that the main principle of the tag’s operation lies, namely, it is activated by a radio signal and is powered by energy from this signal.

What can we say about the antenna? It, in turn, guarantees radio exchange of the chip key with the immobilizer control unit. By the way, immobilizer manufacturers use several types of antennas. The most commonly installed and popular is the ring antenna, which wraps around the ignition switch itself. Current remote immobilizers boast the use of several antennas together in their design.

The task of the immobilizer electronic control unit is to generate signals for the transponder, receive signals from the antenna, and transform the signals into control actions on the engine control unit. For the purpose of better security, modern and modernized immobilizers, as a rule, do not have an individual control unit, but consist of several blocks in which all the functions of the blocking device are implemented. This move can significantly increase the security of the system. The interface (bus) is used to interact with the immobilizer unit and the engine control unit.

2. Operating principle of the standard immobilizer

The immobilizer is very easy to use. It is very important that turning the immobilizer on and off is available exclusively to the car owner. Basically, in order not to declassify the device, in practice an electronic code key is used. But there are also models with manual code typing, although they are extremely rare. So, before the car is brought into working order, the driver inserts the code key into a special slot and thereby ensures that the immobilizer technology reads the code and turns off the locking action. It can also place an electronic “tag” (chip) within the range of the immobilizer system antenna. If you still use a system with a mechanical dial, then in order to turn off the locking device you need to enter the code set by the owner of the car.

Now let's talk a little about passwords. With their help, the immobilizer control algorithm is implemented. There are several types of passwords in a cipher system. Among them: identification password(ID code), variable password(rolling code) and encrypted password(crypto code). The simplest basic models of standard immobilizers have a tag that carries an individual number, namely the above-mentioned identification password. In this case, the car is locked according to the following principle: when the ignition is turned on, the already familiar immobilizer control unit activates the transponder, which, in turn, under this influence generates a signal that is supplied in the form of an identification code.

Then, the antenna picks up the password in the ignition switch and transfers it to the immobilizer control unit. Finally, the control unit processor comes into play and compares the received password with the previously registered one. The engine starts only when both passwords are identical to each other. Otherwise, the immobilizer control unit simply prohibits the car engine from starting.

Today, the newest generation of standard immobilizers is also known, namely systems with a variable password. They work according to the following scheme: from the moment the ignition is turned on, activating actions occur on the transponder from the control unit, as a result of which the first one sends the password available in memory. The tag identification code is also added to it.

Then the code is captured by the antenna and transmitted to the immobilizer control unit. Then everything happens according to the standard system: passwords are compared and if they are identical to each other, then the engine starts. But that's not all! After the transponder has transmitted the password, a new password is already created in the immobilizer control unit, which, in turn, is transmitted back to the transponder. The outdated password stored in the transponder's memory is replaced with an updated one and, thus, the transponder is prepared for the next engine start. Password selection is implemented using the pseudo-random sequence principle, which implies a random selection of passwords from a number of possible ones.

But the most advanced and reliable of all anti-theft systems is the immobilizer control system, which uses password encryption. A distinctive feature of such a system is a unique transponder, which has a built-in encryption function. It is called a “crypto-transponder”. This system works as follows: at the moment of ignition, the immobilizer control unit generates a message for the transponder (the message can be some kind of pseudo-random word). This message or word is processed using the encryption key stored in the transponder's memory. As a result of this transformation, we receive a so-called digital signature, which, in turn, is sent by the transponder.

Thus, a “floating effect” is created, since, in accordance with the underlying algorithm, the outgoing transponder message looks different each time. Based on this principle, the system was called an immobilizer with a “floating” code. The immobilizer control unit also works along with the transponder. He performs similar conversions and obtains an exemplary digital signature. Then, the sample digital signature is compared with the message received from the transponder. As a rule, the “encryption” keys of the transponder and the control unit are compared without their actual presentation (appearing on the radio). This nuance significantly increases the security of the system.

This encryption of passwords makes it possible to use the transponder at a certain distance, for example, when opening car doors. Since the transponder ensures long-term performance using its own power source, it is possible to use the key within a radius of several tens of meters.

And today, progress does not stand still and researchers have already managed to develop the latest immobilizer remote control technology, which is called intelligent access systems and starting without a key. It is unique in that it reacts to the driver’s movement and opens when the car owner approaches. Using special technology, the car starts with a light press of a button on the instrument panel. Interestingly, today the Keyless system can also be equipped with a budget car, of course, for an additional fee.

As is already known, the intelligent entry and keyless start system is the next step in the development of remote immobilizer control. In such a system, the car is able to unlock the locks when the owner approaches and start by simply pressing a button located on the instrument panel. Currently the system Keyless Even budget cars are equipped, but only as an option.

Many can confirm that drivers often need to disable the standard immobilizer to start the engine. The reason for this need may be, for example, the loss of a key. So how do you do this? The device can be turned off in the vehicle's ECU. Most likely, you will need to cut the wire that runs from the immobilizer straight to the control unit, or physically disconnect it and, thus, prohibit interrogation of the immobilizer.

You can also use the example of disabling the security system using a special emulator installed in the ECU. It will make some adjustments to the management of electrical circuits. But you need to be very careful and careful, because not all cars can be used to accurately disable the immobilizer. In many cases, an independent attempt to disable the protection will lead to disruption of the operation of many vehicle systems. Therefore, you need to turn to specialists for help.

3. How to distinguish a standard immobilizer from others?

Many people wonder how a standard immobilizer differs from other types of electronic anti-theft devices. Today, most modern cars are equipped with such a protection system at production. A distinctive feature of each standard immobilizer is the implementation of blocking without the help of a relay. In the absence of an approval signal, the controller will not start and maintain engine operation on its own, because the device itself is connected to the engine injection controller in physical and software terms. Simply put, the engine management system itself performs the blocking not physically, but programmatically.

In comparison with the standard immobilizer, you can use an additional, non-standard immobilizer. The principle of operation of the latter is to break the connection of the electrical circuits of automobile transport in the most significant places, for example, the electrical circuits of the starter, ignition, or engine. In fact, an additional (non-standard) immobilizer is distinguished by the presence of an electromagnetic relay, thanks to which the electrical circuits are broken when the car is broken into, an auxiliary antenna and an additional tag or chip.

The advantage of such a device, in contrast to the standard one, is the fact that thanks to this technology, attackers will not be able to start and move the car, even when they are already inside the vehicle. And if you decide to use additional devices, such as, for example, solenoid valves, then you can also count on blocking the operation of non-electric systems.

4. Ways to strengthen the standard immobilizer

As already mentioned, a feature of a standard immobolizer is that it is equipped with a contact blocking relay, which is controlled using standard wiring. Such control in itself is very unreliable and can lead to the fact that the anti-theft program will still be “done.” The problem is that standard immobolizers are poorly designed, because the main circuits of the car are blocked only 10-15 seconds after the ignition is turned off. This is enough time for a thief who is serious about stealing your car.

More expensive devices can boast greater reliability. These include systems for recognizing the owner of a vehicle who is behind the wheel using a signal sent from the key fob. And only after the system verifies all the data, the engine is given the go-ahead to start. If the system detects that someone else is behind the wheel, it will instantly turn on the siren and quickly block all vital systems.

In addition, modern innovative immobilizers are equipped with a unique anti-robbery algorithm that can prevent theft of a vehicle when stopped at a traffic light (today, there are many examples of such sudden theft). Well, what can I say, immobilizers that are more expensive have greater functionality, they block a significant number of circuits and, most importantly, such systems are much more difficult to hack than standard immobilizers.

But what to do if you own a standard immobilizer and do not have the opportunity to change it to another, more expensive one? All you can do is think about additional protection. By its nature, an immobilizer is a reliable protector of a car, but many, most likely, already experienced car thiefs have learned to hack the previously complex systems of this technology. Therefore, you need to be fully prepared. Here are some examples of how you can “beat” car thieves and secure your vehicle. Firstly, you can install a metal casing on the device controller. It will block the attacker's path to the connector and control unit. Secondly, you can connect an auxiliary interlock with action from an external device to the diagnostic connector (to the bus circuit). Thirdly, you should block the gap in the standard reading antenna.

An immobilizer is a faithful protector of a car. But many hijackers have learned to “work with it” and hack it, so it’s not a bad idea to think about additional protection. For example, the device controller can be equipped with a metal casing that can block an attacker’s access to the connector and control unit. It is advisable to connect an additional lock with action from a third-party device to the diagnostic connector (on the bus circuit). In addition, it would not be amiss to install a blocking device in the gap of the standard reading antenna.

Another protection option is to equip the hood with an additional lock. What is the need? As a rule, a wireless relay is installed in the engine compartment. During car theft scams, attackers who cannot get to the ECU will definitely take advantage of the opportunity to gain access to the locking relay. Imagine what a surprise the presence of an additional lock will be for them.

Unfortunately, car thieves are well aware of the methods for standard immobilizer installation. Therefore, they do not foresee any difficulties when hacking the device. Hacking a standard immobilizer occurs in 1-2 minutes. Hijackers work according to a standard scheme. For starters, they are doing a complete replacement of the "Engine Controller". Then, they reprogram the system and use a connection to the diagnostic connector to do this. Once they gain access to the system, they copy the chip or key itself. Finally, using a code grabber, they copy the chip code embedded in the ignition key. Voila! Access to your car is free!

Based on the above, it is worth understanding that a standard immobilizer is not enough to protect a car from car thieves. Most likely, owners of a standard immobilizer need to seriously think about purchasing an additional protective device. Moreover, it should be installed exclusively by specialists who deal specifically with anti-theft protection. The advantages of the additional device are obvious.

An additional immobilizer provides the ability to connect various sensors that will quickly trigger in case of any unauthorized manipulations with the car. Thanks to the presence of a built-in GSM module, the car owner will be able to receive calls on his mobile phone, where the autoinformer will notify him about what is happening with the car.

Also, there are immobilizers that provide an alarm function. Such devices are called alarms, and in addition to the fact that they can immobilize the car, “assistants” are capable of protecting the perimeter around the car. If you decide to install an alarm on your car, then you completely eliminate the need to install an alarm. As is already known, the immobilizer is controlled by a tag. It comes in two types: contact and non-contact. If we talk about a contact tag, then in order to allow the motor to start and operate, you will need to touch it to the reader every time, and speaking about a contactless tag, then you just need to carry it in your pocket all the time.

Most likely, the second option is preferable, since such an immobilizer has much more functionality. In this case, it is possible to use the anti-robbery function. In the event of a robbery and the driver is thrown out of the passenger compartment, the car will not travel far, and having lost sight of the mark, it will stop and block the engine.

That is, one conclusion can be drawn: you should not pin your hopes on the standard immobilizer as protection against theft. Installing an additional immobilizer as part of an anti-theft system may cost money, but most likely it will be the right decision.

StarLine Expert

GPS device beacon Ugona.net

The 2016 Ford Focus 3 is equipped with the StarLine Expert security telemetry system. The StarLine Expert security system was developed by order of the Federal service Ugona.net and represents a fundamentally new approach to creating an anti-theft solution for your car. Today, the Ugona.net company takes part in the development, production and carries out quality control of manufactured products. This made it possible to increase the warranty period of the device to 5 years.

The StarLine Expert system has a number of advantages, firstly, the level of anti-theft security has been significantly increased, because It is not an analog blocking located in the alarm unit that is used, but a digital and point blocking of the motor of relay R4, which is controlled via a radio channel at a protected frequency of 2.4 GHz. The relay is located in the most secret place, and is woven into the standard wiring harness, so deactivating it can take a lot of time.

The device GPS beacon Ugona.net is constantly in “sleep” mode and “wakes up” only at a given time interval to report its location as a bearing, and then falls asleep again. This mode of operation makes it impossible to detect this device with special equipment - a field analyzer or similar.

The following work was performed on the Ford Focus III, 2016: installation of a car alarm, installation of an immobilizer, installation of a security system, installation of a hood lock, installation of a GPS tracker

02.07.2019

GPS device beacon Ugona.net

The 2016 Ford Focus 3 is equipped with the StarLine Expert security telemetry system. The StarLine Expert security system was developed by order of the Federal service Ugona.net and represents a fundamentally new approach to creating an anti-theft solution for your car. Today, the Ugona.net company takes part in the development, production and carries out quality control of manufactured products. This made it possible to increase the warranty period of the device to 5 years.

The StarLine Expert system has a number of advantages, firstly, the level of anti-theft security has been significantly increased, because It is not an analog blocking located in the alarm unit that is used, but a digital and point blocking of the motor of relay R4, which is controlled via a radio channel at a protected frequency of 2.4 GHz. The relay is located in the most secret place, and is woven into the standard wiring harness, so deactivating it can take a lot of time.

The device GPS beacon Ugona.net is constantly in “sleep” mode and “wakes up” only at a given time interval to report its location as a bearing, and then falls asleep again. This mode of operation makes it impossible to detect this device with special equipment - a field analyzer or similar.

The following work was performed on the Ford Focus III, 2016: installation of a car alarm, installation of an immobilizer, installation of a security system, installation of a hood lock, installation of a GPS tracker

We register the key in immobilizer on Ford Focus 5 on your own

The standard immobilizer, unlike additional security systems, shows almost no effect during the life of the car. There are owners who are sincerely surprised to learn that their Ford Focus 2.7 still has an immobilizer installed. It works correctly and accurately, the person has one software flaw - poor memory. We forget or lose our keys, in which case we have to register them in immobilizer a new key to gain access to the car and have a spare master chip. How to register a key in a Ford immobilizer Focus 2.7, we'll find out soon.

How does an immobilizer key work? Ford Focus

Which car key has a passive tag implanted in it? This means that without a request from someone unfamiliar with the immobilizer, it will not work.

When the immobilizer transponder sends a request, the key sends it its ID, and the security system decides whether to accept it or not. The second generation Focuses have a controller, which is combined with a transponder, and the keys have stitched tags. The entire range of the farm works like this:

  • the transponder polls tags in the reach area next to the car;
  • receives registered IDs from one book to another of several keys;
  • if the key ID matches the ID registered in the transponder memory, the controller will unlock the engine and you can start it; if not, the engine will not start even when the key tip fits perfectly to the ignition lock cylinder.

How to disable the immobilizer on a Ford Focus 3.

The immobilizer prevents the car from starting.

Since spare keys are programmed simultaneously with the master key, a new key cannot be added to the immobilizer memory. You can only register the keys again along with the main one. By the way, if you need to buy a separate key (tip) and a separate chip, they are sold in spare parts stores.

Correct setting of the Igla immobilizer for FF3

protection against theft.

Key article

Disassembled ignition key.

Tip code 4576593 (this is the mechanical part of the flip key), the code of the chipped part is 1337641 .

Registering the key in the immobilizer Ford Focus 2

Appearance of the ignition key.

The standard immobilizer of the second generation Focus allows you to register up to eight keys.

This should be enough, taking into account absent-mindedness and one master key with a red mark, which is in a safe place outside the car. When we register the keys, all of them should be inside the car, and we will sit in the driver’s seat with the doors tightly closed so as not to confuse the system with extraneous signals and intra-system conflicts.

KEY-DOP

  1. To program new key with a high-frequency remote control, insert any key into the ignition.
  2. Turn it to the second position 4 times within six seconds.
  3. We put the key in the zero position and hear the buzzer. This indicates that the system is ready to register other keys within ten seconds.
  4. Let's take it new key and press any button on the remote control. We hear a confirmation buzzer.
  5. We perform the same operation with the remaining programmable keys; after each press of the button of a new key, a buzzer should be heard. This also applies to original keys. We do not remove the key from the ignition.
  6. Turn on the ignition, set the key to the second position without touching the other keys.

Immobilizer chip. It won't start without it.

After this procedure, the immobilizer will register in its memory all the key IDs that we used and with the help of each of them it will be possible to unlock any lock with a remote control button. Don't lose your keys and have a safe trip!

According to statistical data, it can be argued that in the 21st century there is practically no car that does not use such an option as an immobilizer, which in translation presumably means “immobilizer.” This “miracle of electronics” is intended to protect a car or other vehicle from theft by a simple way of disabling systems or components of the car (most often the immobilizer is produced by the engine starting unit). Oddly enough, the inventors of such auxiliary devices belong to a number of original Soviet car enthusiasts.

Perhaps some people remember those times (early 80s) when, in order to protect their cars from theft, drivers used a secret button that was mounted in the vehicle. And no wonder, because during these years, surges in thefts in the USSR were observed in almost every region and city. And since people at that time had no idea about other security technologies besides barn locks, in response to frightening newspaper reports about the increase in thefts, motorists began to want to protect their “iron trotters” on their own. This is how the idea of ​​a motor starting unit with a secret switch arose. To create this, car owners broke one of the electrical circuits and inserted a secret button there.

The system worked according to this scheme: when the button was pressed or turned on, the circuit closed, which allowed the engine to start in normal mode. Since this button held all the security of the car, the drivers hid it in a secret place known only to themselves. As a rule, as practice has shown, such a button was hidden either under the dashboard or under the driver’s seat. Among the broken circuits on cars of domestic manufacturers were the start (battery -), ground (battery - ground) and ignition (battery - coil) circuits. Soon, such security systems became outdated, and they were replaced by new, innovative solutions called immobilizers, which will be discussed in this article. Although, until now, none of the “technological innovations” in the field of car security can do without the same, aforementioned secret button. So, let's figure out what a “standard immobilizer” is and what it is used with.

1. What does a standard immobilizer consist of?

A-priory, An immobilizer (popularly called immo) is a type of anti-theft system that can prevent the engine from being illegally started using a homemade key or without a key at all for the purpose of theft. In essence, an immobilizer is a kind of locking device that can prevent the engine from starting and functioning during theft. The blocking actions are transferred either to the fuel pump, or the ignition, or the computer, and the starter can also be blocked. Typically built into the car key.

In its turn, Immobilizers are usually divided into two large groups - standard and additional. We are interested in standard immobilizers, so we will talk about them further. Such an anti-theft system is installed during the assembly process of the car, with which it is, as it were, “aligned”. Thanks to special software, it is able to restrict all possible access to the car engine control unit. An interesting fact is that a system of this kind in some European countries has received the status of mandatory installation since 1998. Among standard immobilizers, wireless (transponder) immobilizers are especially popular among car manufacturers and buyers. The structure of such “helpers” consists of an ignition key chip, an antenna and a control unit. And now about each component in more detail.

The ignition key chip, unlike other elements, is wireless and is a unique radio frequency identification tag RFID(Radio Frequency Identification). As a rule, such a mark is placed in the head of the physical ignition key. The label has another name - transponder(literally from English - radio responder). It is in this name that the main principle of the tag’s operation lies, namely, it is activated by a radio signal and is powered by energy from this signal.

What can we say about the antenna? It, in turn, guarantees radio exchange of the chip key with the immobilizer control unit. By the way, immobilizer manufacturers use several types of antennas. The most commonly installed and popular is the ring antenna, which wraps around the ignition switch itself. Current remote immobilizers boast the use of several antennas together in their design.

The task of the immobilizer electronic control unit is to generate signals for the transponder, receive signals from the antenna, and transform the signals into control actions on the engine control unit. For the purpose of better security, modern and modernized immobilizers, as a rule, do not have an individual control unit, but consist of several blocks in which all the functions of the blocking device are implemented. This move can significantly increase the security of the system. The interface (bus) is used to interact with the immobilizer unit and the engine control unit.

2. Operating principle of the standard immobilizer

The immobilizer is very easy to use. It is very important that turning the immobilizer on and off is available exclusively to the car owner. Basically, in order not to declassify the device, in practice an electronic code key is used. But there are also models with manual code typing, although they are extremely rare. So, before the car is brought into working order, the driver inserts the code key into a special slot and thereby ensures that the immobilizer technology reads the code and turns off the locking action. It can also place an electronic “tag” (chip) within the range of the immobilizer system antenna. If you still use a system with a mechanical dial, then in order to turn off the locking device you need to enter the code set by the owner of the car.

Now let's talk a little about passwords. With their help, the immobilizer control algorithm is implemented. There are several types of passwords in a cipher system. Among them: identification password(ID code), variable password(rolling code) and encrypted password(crypto code). The simplest basic models of standard immobilizers have a tag that carries an individual number, namely the above-mentioned identification password. In this case, the car is locked according to the following principle: when the ignition is turned on, the already familiar immobilizer control unit activates the transponder, which, in turn, under this influence generates a signal that is supplied in the form of an identification code.

Then, the antenna picks up the password in the ignition switch and transfers it to the immobilizer control unit. Finally, the control unit processor comes into play and compares the received password with the previously registered one. The engine starts only when both passwords are identical to each other. Otherwise, the immobilizer control unit simply prohibits the car engine from starting.

Today, the newest generation of standard immobilizers is also known, namely systems with a variable password. They work according to the following scheme: from the moment the ignition is turned on, activating actions occur on the transponder from the control unit, as a result of which the first one sends the password available in memory. The tag identification code is also added to it.

Then the code is captured by the antenna and transmitted to the immobilizer control unit. Then everything happens according to the standard system: passwords are compared and if they are identical to each other, then the engine starts. But that's not all! After the transponder has transmitted the password, a new password is already created in the immobilizer control unit, which, in turn, is transmitted back to the transponder. The outdated password stored in the transponder's memory is replaced with an updated one and, thus, the transponder is prepared for the next engine start. Password selection is implemented using the pseudo-random sequence principle, which implies a random selection of passwords from a number of possible ones.

But the most advanced and reliable of all anti-theft systems is the immobilizer control system, which uses password encryption. A distinctive feature of such a system is a unique transponder, which has a built-in encryption function. It is called a “crypto-transponder”. This system works as follows: at the moment of ignition, the immobilizer control unit generates a message for the transponder (the message can be some kind of pseudo-random word). This message or word is processed using the encryption key stored in the transponder's memory. As a result of this transformation, we receive a so-called digital signature, which, in turn, is sent by the transponder.

Thus, a “floating effect” is created, since, in accordance with the underlying algorithm, the outgoing transponder message looks different each time. Based on this principle, the system was called an immobilizer with a “floating” code. The immobilizer control unit also works along with the transponder. He performs similar conversions and obtains an exemplary digital signature. Then, the sample digital signature is compared with the message received from the transponder. As a rule, the “encryption” keys of the transponder and the control unit are compared without their actual presentation (appearing on the radio). This nuance significantly increases the security of the system.

This encryption of passwords makes it possible to use the transponder at a certain distance, for example, when opening car doors. Since the transponder ensures long-term performance using its own power source, it is possible to use the key within a radius of several tens of meters.

And today, progress does not stand still and researchers have already managed to develop the latest immobilizer remote control technology, which is called intelligent access systems and starting without a key. It is unique in that it reacts to the driver’s movement and opens when the car owner approaches. Using special technology, the car starts with a light press of a button on the instrument panel. Interestingly, today the Keyless system can also be equipped with a budget car, of course, for an additional fee.

As is already known, the intelligent entry and keyless start system is the next step in the development of remote immobilizer control. In such a system, the car is able to unlock the locks when the owner approaches and start by simply pressing a button located on the instrument panel. Currently the system Keyless Even budget cars are equipped, but only as an option.

Many can confirm that drivers often need to disable the standard immobilizer to start the engine. The reason for this need may be, for example, the loss of a key. So how do you do this? The device can be turned off in the vehicle's ECU. Most likely, you will need to cut the wire that runs from the immobilizer straight to the control unit, or physically disconnect it and, thus, prohibit interrogation of the immobilizer.

You can also use the example of disabling the security system using a special emulator installed in the ECU. It will make some adjustments to the management of electrical circuits. But you need to be very careful and careful, because not all cars can be used to accurately disable the immobilizer. In many cases, an independent attempt to disable the protection will lead to disruption of the operation of many vehicle systems. Therefore, you need to turn to specialists for help.

3. How to distinguish a standard immobilizer from others?

Many people wonder how a standard immobilizer differs from other types of electronic anti-theft devices. Today, most modern cars are equipped with such a protection system at production. A distinctive feature of each standard immobilizer is the implementation of blocking without the help of a relay. In the absence of an approval signal, the controller will not start and maintain engine operation on its own, because the device itself is connected to the engine injection controller in physical and software terms. Simply put, the engine management system itself performs the blocking not physically, but programmatically.

In comparison with the standard immobilizer, you can use an additional, non-standard immobilizer. The principle of operation of the latter is to break the connection of the electrical circuits of automobile transport in the most significant places, for example, the electrical circuits of the starter, ignition, or engine. In fact, an additional (non-standard) immobilizer is distinguished by the presence of an electromagnetic relay, thanks to which the electrical circuits are broken when the car is broken into, an auxiliary antenna and an additional tag or chip.

The advantage of such a device, in contrast to the standard one, is the fact that thanks to this technology, attackers will not be able to start and move the car, even when they are already inside the vehicle. And if you decide to use additional devices, such as, for example, solenoid valves, then you can also count on blocking the operation of non-electric systems.

4. Ways to strengthen the standard immobilizer

As already mentioned, a feature of a standard immobolizer is that it is equipped with a contact blocking relay, which is controlled using standard wiring. Such control in itself is very unreliable and can lead to the fact that the anti-theft program will still be “done.” The problem is that standard immobolizers are poorly designed, because the main circuits of the car are blocked only 10-15 seconds after the ignition is turned off. This is enough time for a thief who is serious about stealing your car.

More expensive devices can boast greater reliability. These include systems for recognizing the owner of a vehicle who is behind the wheel using a signal sent from the key fob. And only after the system verifies all the data, the engine is given the go-ahead to start. If the system detects that someone else is behind the wheel, it will instantly turn on the siren and quickly block all vital systems.

In addition, modern innovative immobilizers are equipped with a unique anti-robbery algorithm that can prevent theft of a vehicle when stopped at a traffic light (today, there are many examples of such sudden theft). Well, what can I say, immobilizers that are more expensive have greater functionality, they block a significant number of circuits and, most importantly, such systems are much more difficult to hack than standard immobilizers.

But what to do if you own a standard immobilizer and do not have the opportunity to change it to another, more expensive one? All you can do is think about additional protection. By its nature, an immobilizer is a reliable protector of a car, but many, most likely, already experienced car thiefs have learned to hack the previously complex systems of this technology. Therefore, you need to be fully prepared. Here are some examples of how you can “beat” car thieves and secure your vehicle. Firstly, you can install a metal casing on the device controller. It will block the attacker's path to the connector and control unit. Secondly, you can connect an auxiliary interlock with action from an external device to the diagnostic connector (to the bus circuit). Thirdly, you should block the gap in the standard reading antenna.

An immobilizer is a faithful protector of a car. But many hijackers have learned to “work with it” and hack it, so it’s not a bad idea to think about additional protection. For example, the device controller can be equipped with a metal casing that can block an attacker’s access to the connector and control unit. It is advisable to connect an additional lock with action from a third-party device to the diagnostic connector (on the bus circuit). In addition, it would not be amiss to install a blocking device in the gap of the standard reading antenna.

Another protection option is to equip the hood with an additional lock. What is the need? As a rule, a wireless relay is installed in the engine compartment. During car theft scams, attackers who cannot get to the ECU will definitely take advantage of the opportunity to gain access to the locking relay. Imagine what a surprise the presence of an additional lock will be for them.

Unfortunately, car thieves are well aware of the methods for standard immobilizer installation. Therefore, they do not foresee any difficulties when hacking the device. Hacking a standard immobilizer occurs in 1-2 minutes. Hijackers work according to a standard scheme. For starters, they are doing a complete replacement of the "Engine Controller". Then, they reprogram the system and use a connection to the diagnostic connector to do this. Once they gain access to the system, they copy the chip or key itself. Finally, using a code grabber, they copy the chip code embedded in the ignition key. Voila! Access to your car is free!

Based on the above, it is worth understanding that a standard immobilizer is not enough to protect a car from car thieves. Most likely, owners of a standard immobilizer need to seriously think about purchasing an additional protective device. Moreover, it should be installed exclusively by specialists who deal specifically with anti-theft protection. The advantages of the additional device are obvious.

An additional immobilizer provides the ability to connect various sensors that will quickly trigger in case of any unauthorized manipulations with the car. Thanks to the presence of a built-in GSM module, the car owner will be able to receive calls on his mobile phone, where the autoinformer will notify him about what is happening with the car.

Also, there are immobilizers that provide an alarm function. Such devices are called alarms, and in addition to the fact that they can immobilize the car, “assistants” are capable of protecting the perimeter around the car. If you decide to install an alarm on your car, then you completely eliminate the need to install an alarm. As is already known, the immobilizer is controlled by a tag. It comes in two types: contact and non-contact. If we talk about a contact tag, then in order to allow the motor to start and operate, you will need to touch it to the reader every time, and speaking about a contactless tag, then you just need to carry it in your pocket all the time.

Most likely, the second option is preferable, since such an immobilizer has much more functionality. In this case, it is possible to use the anti-robbery function. In the event of a robbery and the driver is thrown out of the passenger compartment, the car will not travel far, and having lost sight of the mark, it will stop and block the engine.

That is, one conclusion can be drawn: you should not pin your hopes on the standard immobilizer as protection against theft. Installing an additional immobilizer as part of an anti-theft system may cost money, but most likely it will be the right decision.

1.3. Immobilizer (anti-theft engine immobilizer system)

The immobilizer is designed to minimize the likelihood of your car being stolen.

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

If the immobilizer warning lamp flashes within 5 seconds after turning the ignition key to the "ON" position, this indicates that the engine immobilizer system is faulty. You will not be able to start the engine without performing emergency operation of the ignition key. The following are the operations that must be performed to start the engine in emergency mode (the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 are given as an example for the password).

Warning

You can find out the password for emergency operation when you receive a new car. If you do not have the password, contact your authorized Hyundai dealer.

EXECUTION ORDER
1. To enter the password, you will need to turn the ignition key to the “ON” position and then to the “OFF” position, according to the digit numbers, and the immobilizer warning light will flash.

For example, for the input digit "1", turn the ignition key in the specified order once, for the digit "2", twice, etc. If the digit number is "0", you need to turn the ignition key in the specified order ten times.

2. Wait 3–10 s.
3. Enter the remaining digits of the password following steps 1 and 2.
4. Once all four digits have been entered successfully, turn the ignition key to the "ON" position and check that the immobilizer warning light is illuminated. From this moment you must start the engine within 30 s. It will be impossible to start the engine after 30 s.
Warning

If the engine stalls while driving in emergency mode, you can start the engine within 8 seconds without performing any operations to enter emergency mode again.

5. If the immobilizer warning lamp flashes for 5 s, you must repeat the emergency operation operations from the very beginning.
Warning

If you were unable to successfully perform the operations to enable emergency operation three times in a row, you must wait about one hour before performing these operations again.
If, although you have successfully engaged the emergency operation, you are unable to start the engine, have your vehicle towed to an authorized Hyundai dealer.

The most minimal, but quite effective means of protection against theft, an immobilizer is what is installed in every car by the manufacturer. Ford Focus 2 was no exception in this sense; when buying this car, the motorist should know that he is buying an option with a security system. All Fort cars have a standard immobilizer, but you can choose a more modern model that will surprise you with additional functions. More information about this right now.

Immobilizer - reliable security system, immobilizer for Ford Focus 2

ATTENTION! A completely simple way to reduce fuel consumption has been found! Don't believe me? An auto mechanic with 15 years of experience also didn’t believe it until he tried it. And now he saves 35,000 rubles a year on gasoline!

Ford Focus Mondeo is every driver's dream. When he does this, he immediately thinks about what to do to maximize the protection of his new car. In this regard, everything is quite simple, because the immobilizer is already built into the car and will work without any problems. But not everyone knows which immobilizers are used for Ford Focus 2, how to find them and what to use when choosing. Now motorists will receive a more accurate answer to their questions and will be able to use the immobilizer for Ford Focus 2 to their advantage.

Immobilizer for Ford Focus Mondeo - what they are and what they look like

An immobilizer is a small, rectangular device, sometimes with rounded edges, that is installed behind the steering wheel or dashboard of a car. It blocks the movement of the vehicle if a third party who does not have a special key gets inside it. Immobilizers can be connected to vehicle systems using wires or completely without their participation. If the owner knows that his Ford car has a contact immobilizer, then he can count on the following:



By choosing a wireless immobilizer, a Ford driver gets the following options:

  • use of additional communication channels and connection of several blocking relays;
  • different methods and principles of authorization;
  • use of a set of additional functions;
  • ease of installation and additional space for placement;
  • use of a high-speed communication system and other functions.

Immobilizer for Mondeo can have different keys, among which the following types are most often used:

  • a key in the form of an ordinary credit card;
  • folding key;
  • separate or standard key;
  • radio tag key.

The latter option allows you to not even touch the door in order for it to open, because the system works exclusively using radio signals. To use keys that are shaped like credit cards, the driver will need to install a special code reader.

Immobilizer functions for Ford Focus 2

A standard function of each immobilizer can be considered the process of blocking the vehicle systems with which it is driven. But modern immobilizers, which are perfect for a Mondeo or Ford Focus, will be able to surprise users with the following qualities:

Modern systems for Ford Focus 2 will work productively at fairly high and low temperatures. Immobilizers have their own batteries, and if they are not working correctly, the lamp always lights up and flashes. To successfully start the immobilizer, you need to program the system and assign the keys. Professionals or instructions can help the Mondeo owner with this. If a car enthusiast has a Ford Kuga, the immobilizer is connected in the same way as for a Ford Focus.

Ford Focus 2 – which immobilizer for the car is better to choose

If a Ford owner does not want to spend extra money on a new generation immobilizer, he can leave the standard system if it is functional. The owner of a Ford can choose an immobilizer of the model that suits him in terms of price and functionality.

If the owner of a Mondeo, Kuga or another car from the Ford lineup is looking for something simple, but at the same time productive, he has the following options to choose from:

  • leave the standard immobilizer;
  • buy the simplest and cheapest immobilizer with a minimum set of functions;
  • buy an immobilizer that can be connected to a standard alarm system.

For those who want to get the maximum useful functions in one device, there are the following options to guide their choice:



The choice of immobilizer must be made very carefully, because not all models of these security systems are compatible with Ford cars.

Principles of installing and disabling the immobilizer on Ford Focus 2

The installation of the immobilizer on the Ford Mondeo and Focus is carried out according to the standard scheme, which can be found by opening the user manual. In order to install an immobilizer in a Ford and connect it, you need to:

  • disassemble the dashboard and find a place to install the main system unit;
  • install the unit and connect the wire system to its connector;
  • connect blocking relays to the corresponding systems or arrange RFID tags in the required sequence;
  • install an LED lamp in the car interior and connect it to the immobilizer power system, turn it on and make sure that it lights up;
  • register the keys,, if necessary, train the immobilizer and make the necessary settings in the system;
  • check the correctness of previously performed actions and secure all elements of the system properly;
  • hide the immobilizer from view as much as possible and turn on the security mode on it.

If the driver does not have a user manual, he can find it on the Internet. If the lamp lights up and blinks frequently, some of the installation or configuration processes were incorrect. To start the immobilizer you must use the key.

To disable the immobilizer on a Mondeo or Ford Focus 2, you need to use special crawlers, emulators, killers or computer programs. It is possible to disable it without the intervention of third-party devices - using code deactivation or attaching a chip from the key to the antenna.

Disabling using a chip from a key is done as follows:

  • The key body is carefully disassembled and the chip is removed so as not to damage it;
  • the chip is applied to the immobilizer antenna and carefully wrapped with electrical tape;
  • within a few minutes a reverse reaction occurs, which disables the immobilizer;
  • The device is completely deactivated and can be safely removed.

Users can read more about the rules for connecting and disconnecting the immobilizer in the instructions. If the Ford does not yet have an immobilizer, the driver can install it without any problems. The start function works instantly, which means that immediately after installation the user will be able to turn on his security device. Immobilizers for Ford Focus 2 work no worse than standard security systems, but at the same time they are much cheaper.

1.3. Immobilizer (anti-theft engine immobilizer system)

The immobilizer is designed to minimize the likelihood of your car being stolen.

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

If the immobilizer warning lamp flashes within 5 seconds after turning the ignition key to the "ON" position, this indicates that the engine immobilizer system is faulty. You will not be able to start the engine without performing emergency operation of the ignition key. The following are the operations that must be performed to start the engine in emergency mode (the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 are given as an example for the password).

Warning

You can find out the password for emergency operation when you receive a new car. If you do not have the password, contact your authorized Hyundai dealer.

EXECUTION ORDER
1. To enter the password, you will need to turn the ignition key to the “ON” position and then to the “OFF” position, according to the digit numbers, and the immobilizer warning light will flash.

For example, for the input digit "1", turn the ignition key in the specified order once, for the digit "2", twice, etc. If the digit number is "0", you need to turn the ignition key in the specified order ten times.

2. Wait 3–10 s.
3. Enter the remaining digits of the password following steps 1 and 2.
4. Once all four digits have been entered successfully, turn the ignition key to the "ON" position and check that the immobilizer warning light is illuminated. From this moment you must start the engine within 30 s. It will be impossible to start the engine after 30 s.
Warning

If the engine stalls while driving in emergency mode, you can start the engine within 8 seconds without performing any operations to enter emergency mode again.

5. If the immobilizer warning lamp flashes for 5 s, you must repeat the emergency operation operations from the very beginning.
Warning

If you were unable to successfully perform the operations to enable emergency operation three times in a row, you must wait about one hour before performing these operations again.
If, although you have successfully engaged the emergency operation, you are unable to start the engine, have your vehicle towed to an authorized Hyundai dealer.