The third generation Sportage is a modern and dynamic crossover with an original, stylish appearance. The car has not only an attractive exterior design, but also good technical equipment, which makes it popular.
The design of the third generation of the model has become the strongest point of the car. The taut belt line, coupled with the “muscular” wheel arches, gives the car springy dynamics and swiftness. At the same time, the exterior of the car is very original - there is no hint of kinship with the same-platform model of the Hyundai brand.
To some extent, the same can be said about another South Korean crossover - the SsangYong Actyon. In this machine, design and technical components are harmoniously combined, forming an optimal balance. With compact dimensions for an SUV, the Actyon is quite comfortable and spacious. Its interior looks understatedly elegant. True, for SsangYong this crossover became a kind of breakthrough, because before it the company produced only frame SUVs.
When comparing models, it is worth noting that both cars are available in all-wheel drive, but the basic versions have drive only on the front axle. At the same time, the 4x4 scheme is implemented identically in both cars: an electronically controlled multi-plate clutch is installed here, located in the rear wheel drive. Moving evenly on a flat surface with a constant level of adhesion, the front axle receives all the torque. But, as soon as the grip of the wheels on the road becomes uneven, part of the torque is redistributed to the rear axle. Currently, this scheme is the most common in the class of urban crossovers. Kia is equipped with a clutch from Magna Powertrain, while SsangYong has this part manufactured by GKN.
The driver can forcefully block the inter-wheel clutch. This happens by pressing the “Lock” button when driving at a speed not exceeding 40 km/h. When the set speed threshold is exceeded, the electronics come into action again, dividing the torque between the axles, based on the specific situation on the road.
Both Sportage and Actyon have a hill start assist system in their arsenal, but Kia also has a system that helps when descending a hill. It's fair to say that in rough terrain, the Kia electronics system works more adequately and accurately. True, the Actyon does not cause any particular complaints. The cars have similar lengths, but the wheelbase is slightly larger for the SsangYong. Despite this, Actyon has better geometric cross-country ability. This is facilitated by approach angles, ground clearance and large suspension travel.
When assessing the interior decoration of the cars, one can note the greatest number of differences.
Kia Sportage
The SsangYong Actyon looks less provocative inside than the Sportage. But the harmony of the car’s interior cannot be denied – this is reflected in the fact that Giorgetto Giugiaro, a recognized automotive designer from Italy, worked on the design. What's more disappointing is the execution - hard plastic, poorly fitted panels, buttons and levers that wobble in their sockets. The control algorithm for the climate system with three washers is also disappointing. Not everyone will like the monochrome screen with orange backlight.
SsangYong Actyon
The number of steering column adjustments in the Actyon is the same as in the Kia Sportage, but the steering wheel is slightly larger. The ceiling is noticeably higher, and therefore the driver's seat rises higher than in the Kia. Given the much slimmer A-pillars, the Actyon's visibility is almost perfect. The backrests of the rear row seats are adjustable in angle and can be folded into a flat floor. Kia is an outsider in this regard.
Sportage
Actyon
When driving on free city streets, the Sportage awakens an athlete: a sharp and moderately informative steering wheel, a small turning radius. However, racing ambitions are quickly dispelled by sluggish dynamics and a brooding automatic transmission equipped with manual shifting. Gasoline engine, 150 hp. It accelerates the car at low speeds without enthusiasm, and upon reaching 4000 rpm its rumble begins to fill the cabin, despite good sound insulation. It is not recommended to go off-road - short-travel suspensions can lead to the tearing of bumper aprons and the plastic underbody pan. A very light clearance of 172 mm will allow you to move only on roads with a hint of light off-road.
The situation with the SsangYong Actyon is the opposite: the car has proven itself to be a good “rogue” for its status as an urban crossover. The suspension movements of the car give the driver of this Korean much more possibilities. The Actyon's cross-country ability encourages you to perform exploits on virgin soil. After all, on this car it’s not so scary to hit the bottom - an impressive metal subframe noticeably peeks out from under the front bumper. The character of the modernized 2-liter turbodiesel Mercedes forces you to adapt. The fact is that the engine produces a maximum of 360 Nm in a very small speed range. To get good acceleration from a standstill, you will have to rev the engine to 2200 rpm and only then release the clutch. Before this tachometer reading, the engine sucks, but after it you feel an explosive pickup, which, however, disappears already at 4000 rpm, as if at the cutoff.
Kia Sportage is presented on the domestic market in 12 versions, including all-wheel or front-wheel drive, 5- or 6-speed manual or 6-speed automatic. The price of Kia Sportage starts from 799,999 rubles. The car is equipped with a basic 150-horsepower gasoline engine or diesel engines from 115 to 184 horsepower. In addition, Kia has a number of options that are not available to owners of other Korean cars: keyless entry, navigation and a rear view camera, as well as a panoramic roof. But a leather steering wheel, music control on the steering wheel, parking sensors and a sunroof in the rear seat can be offered by a few versions of SsangYong, prices for which start at 699,000 rubles. All versions of Sportage have foglights with a section of additional illumination for cornering. For SsangYong, fog lights are the lot of expensive equipment.
- Download brochure with full technical specifications of SsangYong Actyon
- Download a brochure with trim levels and features of the Kia Sportage
In general, the difference in price of about 100 thousand between similar trim levels of the SsangYong Actyon and Kia Sportage is quite explainable by the quality of workmanship, the thoroughness of ergonomics and the development of the service network. Sportage is noticeably more loyal to the driver, this car is easier to drive, but the Actyon, at its cost, is the most affordable crossover, not counting the domestic Niva and.
Presented
I remember that the first Sportage, which appeared in September 1993, was built according to classic off-road canons: using a supporting frame and a reduction gear in the transmission. In 2004, the model evolved. By that time, few people were interested in real cross-country ability. The Sportage was stripped of its frame, and all-wheel drive was implemented via a viscous coupling in the rear wheel drive. By and large, the only significant drawback of the second generation Kia Sportage was its inexpressive appearance. The design of the current generation of the model, on the contrary, has become the strength of the car. A toned waistline, “muscular” wheel arches - well, a true bodybuilder! Well, the ability to show off is also a sport. This is where the Sportage lives up to its fashionable name. Moreover, its exterior is so original that there is not even a hint of kinship with a co-platform from the Hyundai camp.
Things started to improve for SsangYong quite recently, after moving under the wing of the Indian Mahindra&Mahindra. The Koreans finally managed to complete the C200 project, which started back in the late nineties on the initiative of specialists from Daewoo. The first frameless crossover in the history of the brand appeared to the world under the already well-known name Korando, but for Russia it was renamed Actyon.
For SsangYong, the new product was a kind of test of the pen, because before that the company produced exclusively frame SUVs. Other models, Rexton and Kyron, are assembled at the Sollers plant in Naberezhnye Chelny, but the “screwdriver” assembly of the Actyon started at the new Sollers-Far East plant. The production capacity of the enterprise is 30 thousand cars per year, but Sollers management is cautious - they plan to assemble 10 thousand Actyons per year, more than half of which are equipped with automatic transmission.
Full speed ahead!
Both cars are available to buyers in all-wheel drive, but the basic versions, as usual, have front-axle drive. The notorious 4x4 scheme for both is implemented identically: with an electronically controlled multi-plate clutch in the rear wheel drive, which operates without preload. When driving uniformly on a level surface with a constant coefficient of adhesion, all torque is transferred to the front axle. If at least one of the conditions changes, part of the torque is redistributed back. Today this is the most common drive circuit in the class. Kia Sportage is equipped with a clutch made by Magna Powertrain, while SsangYong has a clutch made by GKN.
The inter-wheel clutch can be forcibly locked at speeds of up to 40 km/h in both cars if the driver, for example, has to overcome an area with difficult terrain or surface. When this speed threshold is exceeded, the electronics again begin to divide the torque between the axles based on the road situation. Both the Kia Sportage and the SsangYong Actyon have a hill start assist system, but the Sportage also has a hill start assist system (DBC). Subjectively, in rough terrain, Kia electronics work faster and more adequately. However, the Actyon did not hit the dirt with its bumper. The length of the cars is the same, but the wheelbase is larger for SsangYong. Despite this, the Actyon has better geometric cross-country ability: slightly larger approach and departure angles, but, most importantly, more ground clearance.
Looked
Kia Sportage owners pay for the “terrible power of beauty” with poor visibility. The A-pillars are wide and lean back heavily. The quality of finishing materials in the cabin is decent. There are no complaints about the range of adjustments for the front seats and steering column. And the solution to the stepped layout of the dashboard pleased me: the location of the verniers and buttons is instantly remembered on an intuitive level, but the display with the touch screen function still lacks a sun visor - it glares a lot. But there is standard navigation (though not Russified), and the rear view camera, the image from which is projected on the display when reverse gear is engaged, is installed at a very favorable angle. Usually, when reversing “on instruments”, you can only see a small area behind the car. In the case of the Kia Sportage, the horizon line is visible, and a not too wide lens angle will allow, for example, to see an approaching car in advance - it is convenient to leave a cramped yard, where turning around is more difficult than reversing.
The SsangYong Actyon does not look as provocative as the Sportage, but it is very harmonious - this is not surprising, because maestro Giugiaro pored over the design. The interior is much less pretentious, and compared to the “countryman” it also gives not the best tactile sensations: the plastic is hard, the panels are not neatly fitted, the buttons and levers are wobbly in their sockets. The intricate algorithm for controlling the climate control system with three washers, two of which have an automatic mode, was also disappointing. For most manufacturers, two verniers and one Auto button are enough. Before your eyes is a monochrome display with bright orange backlight. The steering column adjustment ranges are the same as in the Kia Sportage, but the steering wheel is slightly larger. The ceiling is noticeably higher, and the driver's seat can be raised higher than in the Kia. Together with the slender roof pillars, the Actyon's visibility is impeccable. The interior, filled with all kinds of niches and hooks for bags, is a little more spacious than that of its competitor. The rear seatbacks are adjustable for tilt and fold flat. Kia is an outsider in these respects.
Let's go for a ride
During city outings in the Kia Sportage, the athlete wakes up again: the steering wheel is sharp and moderately informative, the turning radius is only 5.3 m, rolls are minimal, and reactions to the pedals are instantaneous. At the same time, there is no nervousness in driving, with the exception of excessive sensitivity to ruts. But racing ambitions were quickly dispelled by sluggish dynamics and a brooding automatic transmission with manual shift function. The 150-horsepower Theta II gasoline engine accelerates the car at low speeds without enthusiasm, and after 4000 rpm its annoying hum fills the cabin, despite seemingly good sound insulation. It’s scary to go off-road - short-travel suspensions make you worry about the bumper aprons and plastic underbody trays. The clearance is small - only 172 mm. It is enough for hanging the front end over the curb or driving on light off-road conditions.
With the SsangYong Actyon it’s the other way around: the car proved to be an unimportant city dweller, but it turned out to be a “rogue”. Like the Sportage, the Actyon is equipped with a Lock function, which locks the center clutch at speeds of up to 40 km/h, but the suspension moves provide much more freedom. Such cross-country ability even encourages you to drive on virgin soil. And hitting the bottom is not so scary - a massive subframe confidently peeks out from under the front bumper, although slightly gnawed by rust.
The tandem of engine and manual transmission was disappointing. The restive nature of the modernized Mercedes 2-liter turbodiesel eХDi200 forces you to adapt. The engine produces a maximum of 360 Nm in a small speed range. In fact, to get decent acceleration from a standstill, you must first rev the engine to 2200 rpm and only then release the clutch pedal. Up to this point, the engine frankly sucks, but after that you feel an explosive pickup, which completely dissipates by 4000 rpm, as if at the cutoff. The short gears characteristic of a diesel engine do not cause any particular problems, with the exception of the ultra-short first gear. It is apparently intended to be an alternative to the “lower”, which is why it is not easy to control the car in traffic jams - the Actyon tends to buck.
Asked the price
Kia Sportage is assembled at factories in Korea, Slovakia and Avtotor in Kaliningrad. The model is presented on our market in 12 versions with all-wheel drive or front-wheel drive, 5- or 6-speed manual transmission or 6-speed automatic transmission. 115-, 136- and 184-horsepower diesel engines are offered as an alternative to the base 150-hp gasoline engine. Prices for Sportage vary from 859,900 to 1,459,900 rubles.
The Russian-assembled SsangYong Actyon has only seven versions. The distribution of additional options across trim levels is similar, but there are some nuances. For example, the initial versions of Actyon are equipped not with electric power steering, but with hydraulic power steering, while the steering column is adjustable only in tilt angle. In the basic version of the Sportage, by the way, there is no adjustment of the steering column for reach either. In addition to the standard safety kit of ABS and front airbags, starting from the middle trim levels, both have access to side airbags and curtain airbags, as well as active head restraints with rollover sensors. Kia Sportage, starting with the Luxe package (Elegance in the case of SsangYong), is also equipped with directional stability and hill descent assistance systems.
Of course, Kia has a number of luxury options that are not available to fans of another Korean brand: for example, keyless entry, navigation with a rear view camera, a panoramic roof or a standard subwoofer. However, SsangYong can also offer a leather steering wheel, parking sensors and a sunroof.
The most affordable Sportage with an automatic transmission will cost 969,900 rubles, the SsangYong Actyon with automatic transmission is offered for 889,000 rubles. Prices for the Actyon with a gasoline engine are not yet known.
Bottom line
Kia Sportage has become prettier, grown in size, filled with fashionable options and, as a result, risen in price. The SsangYong Actyon has taken the place of the previous generation Sportage and has every chance of surpassing its success. The difference in price between comparable trim levels of the Kia Sportage and SsangYong Actyon is much smaller than the difference in workmanship, level of ergonomics and the prevalence of the service network. Sportage is more driver-friendly and easier to control in various operating modes, but Actyon is priced from RUB 829,000. risks becoming the most affordable crossover on our market, at least until the appearance of the Renault Duster.
There are more and more crossovers, and they themselves are becoming more accessible. For a long time, we were not supplied with cars with turbodiesels, but now - please, for every taste and color. Participants in this test claim to be the most versatile car - all-wheel drive, high ground clearance, modern appearance. Both are relatively affordable, especially compared to their European rivals. And both are well armed with energy.
Kia Sportage today is perhaps the brightest representative of the crossover segment. Korean designers did their best, creating a car whose appearance is difficult to describe in words. Words are simply not enough. Aggressive, brutal, fashionable... It reminds me of an alien, either an insect from a distant planet, or a combat robot from an even more distant galaxy. True, its popularity played a bad joke on it - the car became familiar in the traffic, and no longer makes passersby break their necks. By the way, apparently, bright orange is the most popular color among Sportage buyers. So, advice, if you still want to stand out from the crowd, take another one. Fortunately, there are ten of them in the range.
SsangYong Actyon does not look so impressive compared to its rival. After some very bold experiments (look at the old Actyon), the Koreans approached the design of their first crossover with a monocoque body very carefully. Or maybe not in vain? The design cannot be called conservative; the car looks quite stylish and modern. And the front end with complexly shaped headlights even gives the Actyon the arrogant look of a confident athlete. Everything is successful, everything is harmonious - there is nothing to complain about in appearance.
The desire of Kia designers to give the Sportage an avant-garde look played a cruel joke on it. You get into the car and it’s like you’re in a cash-in-transit vehicle – the glass area is very small. Visibility is adequate. In the press park of the Russian branch of Kia, the diesel version of the Sportage was not only in the most powerful version (184 hp), but also in the top configuration. The interior is trimmed with leather, but its quality is still inferior to that of the seats of European competitors. But you can’t find fault with the dashboard - three instruments recessed into wells, optitron lighting. Auxiliary instruments, including the audio system and climate control unit, are illuminated in bright red, just like Audis of old. But attempts to sport the interior have led to the fact that the interior of the Sportage, so “rich and elegant,” is simply uncomfortable. It's like you're inside a combat robot.
You feel more comfortable inside the Actyon, despite the rather strict design and yellow backlighting of the trip computer screen and audio system. A person of almost any height can sit comfortably behind the wheel here - the range of adjustments is wide, the crossover was clearly initially created with an eye on the European market. Visibility is also excellent, the only thing is that the luggage compartment door thrown forward complicates the view from the rear of the car. The seats are also good - moderately hard, well-fitting to the body. It is true that the Sportage and the Actyon have an Asian-style short cushion; tall people will have their knees hanging in the air. But the seating position in the Actyon is high, almost off-road, unlike the Sportage.
What about comfort in the back? Both crossovers are considered five-seaters, but in both Actyon and Sportage the third, at least on a long trip, is clearly superfluous. Two passengers will be more comfortable in the SsangYong. Firstly, the tilt of the seat backs is adjustable here. Secondly, there is more headroom. And thirdly, there is still more glass in the doors than in the Sportage. Plus – a longer central armrest. In terms of luggage compartment volume, the SsangYong Actyon also wins. If you don't fold the rear seats, there are 486 liters of usable volume, versus 465 for the Sportage.
On paper, the SsangYong Actyon seriously loses to the Kia Sportage – 149 versus 184 “horses”. However, according to subjective impressions, both cars accelerate almost “on par”. The sixth gear in the Actyon automatic transmission does not play a role - its appearance is associated with increasing requirements for environmental friendliness and efficiency. It’s easier to use the “manual” mode on the Sportage - there is a familiar switch control scheme. The Actyon has a strange Australian-made automatic transmission. For some reason, the antipodes decided that it was easier to change “gears” with a button located at the end of the automatic transmission lever. There are duplicate buttons on the steering wheel, but they are also inconvenient to use. So forget about the “manual” mode, fortunately the torque of the turbodiesel is enough not only for traffic light starts, but also for confident maneuvering and acceleration. The Sportage's five-speed transmission works more predictably and clearly, but sometimes it seems that at least half of the torque is “digested” in the bowels of the automatic transmission.
Strike, strike again! Kia Sportage confidently swallows small bumps, but gives in on serious potholes - heartbreaking sounds are heard in the suspension. The Kia seems more comfortable, but the wobbly suspension and weak steering play a cruel joke on the Sportage. In addition, here, when steering sharply, the electric power steering “bites”, feedback from the car completely disappears. The SsangYong Actyon, on the contrary, behaves almost like a passenger car - roll is minimal, feedback is completely transparent. The only complaint is about the setup of electronic security systems. In the event of a drift, ESP and ABS are very harshly activated, practically depriving the driver of the opportunity to correct his mistakes.
Off-road? When we are talking about SUVs, and not about serious SUVs, any attempt to drive off roads with a relatively hard surface usually ends in calling a tractor. However, SsangYong is able to go further than its competitor. Here the ground clearance is greater (180 mm), and there is a locking clutch connecting the rear drive. Plus – electronic imitations of inter-wheel locks.
Kia Sportage pleases with rich equipment, and SsangYong Actyon – with an affordable price. If a crossover is needed exclusively for the city, then the first one will be a better option. There are more expensive finishes, LED running lights, and a bright design. But if on the way to your dacha there are roads that in spring and autumn turn into the classic state of Russian rally-raid tracks, then the Actyon will be the best choice. Despite the abandonment of the frame structure, this car still retains all the makings of a real SUV. It may look faded, but compared to its competitors it looks like a real SUV.
Sanyeng Aktion and Kia Sportage were produced in South Korea. These are comfortable, dynamic crossovers for driving around the city.
The cars have a stylish appearance and good performance.
Both cars have a beautiful appearance, with a sporty character. The Kia Sportage features a high waistline along with voluminous wheel arches, which add aerodynamics and agility to the car.
As for the other model, it combines the exterior with technical parameters perfectly, having the best balance.
Both cars were produced in both all-wheel drive and front-wheel drive versions.
Interior of Sanyeng Aktion and Kia Sportage
In terms of interior decoration, the Sanyeng Aktion looks less defiant compared to the Kia Sportage. But the experienced hand of the Italian designer can be seen in the harmony of the lines in the first car. And they were not made very well - the plastic parts are hard, the panels do not fit precisely, and the keys and levers in the sockets can easily become loose. The climate control with 3 pucks is also poor. The display has an orange backlight, which not everyone will like.
In both the first and second models, the steering wheel adjustments have the same number of positions, but in the Kia Sportage the steering wheel is somewhat larger. The SsangYong Actyon has more headroom and the driver's seat can be raised higher. The view is also almost perfect. The backrests of the rear sofa are tilt adjustable and can be folded. The Kia Sportage doesn't have this.
Video
Start of sales in Russia
Sanyeng Aktion began to be sold in our country in mid-August, and Kia Sportage has been sold since the spring of this 2016.
Options
- Original – 2.0 l engine. 149 l. power, front-wheel drive, fuel consumption: 10.4/6.7, max. speed – 165 km/h
- Welcome - 2.0 l engine. 149 l. power, front-wheel drive, fuel consumption: 9.7/6.3, max. speed – 163 km/h
- Elegance - 2.0 l engine. 149 l. power, all-wheel drive, fuel consumption: 10.9/7.3, max. speed – 165 km/h
- Premium - 2.0 l engine. 149 l. power, all-wheel drive, fuel consumption: 10.9/7.3, max. speed – 165 km/h
- Classic – 2.0 l engine. 150 l. power, gasoline, manual transmission, front-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 10.5 seconds, speed – 186 km/h, consumption: 10.7/6.3/7.9
- Classic “warm options” - 2.0 liter engine. 150 l. power, gasoline, manual transmission, front-wheel drive crossover acceleration - 10.5 sec, speed - 186 km/h, consumption: 10.7/6.3/7.9
- Engine 2.0 l. 150 l. power, gasoline, manual transmission, all-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 11.1 sec, speed – 184 km/h, consumption: 10.9/6.6/8.2
- Comfort, Luxe - 2.0 l engine. 150 l. power, gasoline, manual transmission, front-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 10.5 seconds, speed – 186 km/h, consumption: 10.7/6.3/7.9
- Engine 2.0 l. 150 l. power, gasoline, automatic transmission, all-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 11.1 sec, speed – 181 km/h, consumption: 10.9/7.1/7.9
- Engine 2.0 l. 150 l. power, gasoline, automatic transmission, all-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 11.6 sec, speed – 180 km/h, consumption: 11.2/6.7/8.3
- Prestige, Premium - 2.0 l engine. 150 l. power, gasoline, automatic transmission, all-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 11.6 sec, speed – 180 km/h, consumption: 11.2/6.7/8.3
- GT-Line Premium - 1.6 liter engine. 177 l. power, gasoline, gearbox – AMT, all-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 9.1 sec, speed – 201 km/h, consumption: 9.2/6.5/7.5
- Engine 2.0 l. 185 l. power, diesel, automatic transmission, all-wheel drive crossover, acceleration – 9.5 sec, speed – 201 km/h, consumption: 7.9/5.3/6.3
Dimensions
- Length of SsangYong – 4 m 41 cm. Kia Sportage – 4 m 44 s.
- Width of SsangYong – 1 m 83 sant. Kia Sportage – 1 m 88.5 sant.
- Height of SsangYong – 1 m 67.5 centimeter. Kia Sportage – 1 m 64 sant.
- SsangYong ground clearance – 18 cent. Kia Sportage – 17.2 sant.
Price of all configurations
The price of SsangYong starts from 1,170,000 rubles, the maximum cost is 1,991,000 rubles. The price of the Kia Sportage is 1,220,000 rubles, the flanker costs 2,130,000 rubles.
Engine SsangYong Actyon and Kia Sportage
There is only one engine in the SsangYong Action - a 2-liter 149 horsepower with excellent driving characteristics and low fuel consumption. Equipped with a six-speed manual transmission. A wide range of transmission formulas has the ability to accelerate at low revs. motor, has the greatest performance and economy. There is a gear shift sensor on the dashboard that tells the driver the best moment to shift.
There is also a six-speed automatic transmission option; there is an intelligent structure that adjusts the shift time to suit the driving situation and pace. gearbox oil and atm. pressure.
Another model Kia Sportage has at its disposal 2 power units - 1.6 and 2 liters. Power from 150 to 185 hp. strength Consumption from 5.3 to 7.1 l. Max. speed – 201 km/h. Acceleration time from 9.1 to 10.5 seconds. Works on both diesel and gasoline.
Trunk of SsangYong Actyon and Kia Sportage
The luggage compartment of the Sanyeng Aktion holds 486 liters, with the rear seats folded down – 1312 liters. The luggage compartment of the Kia Sportage holds 465 liters, with the rear seats folded down – 1353 liters.
Final conclusion
What can be said in the final conclusion? The cars have fairly high-quality equipment. The design of the exterior and interior is also quite high quality. The SsangYong Actyon has some advantages, and the Kia Sportage has some advantages. The driving characteristics are almost the same, but the Kia Sportage is slightly better. The price category of the second car is slightly higher, but this is practically not felt. You can make your own choice from the review if you want to buy.
