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3.1 Choosing a production organization method

car technological diagnostics

The most progressive method of organizing the production of maintenance and repair at present is the method based on the formation of production units according to technological characteristics (method of technological complexes) with the introduction of centralized production management (CPC), but due to the relatively small production capacity and the average number of vehicles serviced The line adopts the method of integrated teams.

Complex team method

The method of integrated teams involves the formation of production units based on their subject specialization, i.e. assigning to a brigade a certain group of vehicles (for example, vehicles of the same convoy, vehicles of the same model, trailers and semi-trailers), for which the brigade conducts TO-1, TO-2 and TR. As a rule, EO, diagnostics and repair of units are carried out centrally. Complex teams are staffed with performers of various specialties (car mechanics, adjusters, electricians, lubricants) to perform the work assigned to the team.

Each team, as a rule, has assigned jobs, posts for maintenance and repair, its own mostly universal technological equipment and tools, a stock of working units and spare parts, i.e. There is a reduction in the program and dispersion of material resources of the ATP, which complicates the organization of vehicle maintenance and repair.

The difficulties of management with this method are explained by the difficulties of maneuvering production capacities and material resources and regulating the workload of individual performers in various complex teams. Situations arise when workers of one complex team are overloaded, and workers of another are underloaded, but the teams are not interested in mutual assistance.

However, a significant advantage of this method is team responsibility for the quality of maintenance and repair work. This is justified as follows:

where is the annual labor intensity of general diagnostics D-1;

Annual labor intensity of element-by-element diagnostics D-2;

Annual labor intensity of TO-1;

Annual labor intensity of TO-2;

Thus, on the designed ATP site it is most profitable to create integrated teams working at universal posts.

The production management diagram for the integrated team method is given below.

3.2 Selecting a method for organizing the technological process at the site

The technological process at section D-1 is organized using the universal posts method.

The method of universal posts.

A universal post is a post at which it is possible to perform several types of standard maintenance work.

When servicing at several universal posts, it is possible to perform unequal amounts of work at them (or servicing vehicles of different brands, as well as performing related technical work) with different lengths of stay of vehicles at each station. The disadvantages of this method when the posts are located at a dead-end are: significant loss of time for installing cars on the posts and leaving them; air pollution from exhaust gases when maneuvering a vehicle during entry into and exit from checkpoints; the need for multiple duplication of identical equipment. A dead-end maintenance method is installed at the project site. With the dead-end method of vehicle maintenance, all work is performed at the same type of universal posts, with the exception of cleaning and washing stations, which are performed at posts located separately, in special rooms or in open areas. When servicing vehicles at universal posts, the time the vehicles spend at them may vary. This makes it possible to service cars of different brands at the same station and simultaneously carry out routine repair work, the need for which was identified during maintenance, which is an important positive property of the dead-end method of maintenance.

When servicing cars at universal stations, the use of high-performance garage equipment is limited, the mechanization of service processes is difficult, the average level of work increases, and the time a car spends in service increases, as well as the need for a production site. A significant disadvantage of this method is that when the car is installed at the station and driven out of it, the air in the working premises is polluted by exhaust gases.

The essence of this method is that all work provided for this type of maintenance is carried out in full at one post by a group consisting of workers of various specialties or universal workers.

Advantages: the ability to perform different amounts of work at each post; Possibility of servicing vehicles of various models.

Disadvantages: it is necessary to duplicate equipment of the same name many times, which limits the possibility of equipping the enterprise with highly productive means of labor; maintenance costs increase; workers with higher qualifications and combination of professions are required; the possibility of specialization of workers and specialization of labor is limited.

On the projected site, general diagnostics D-1 will be carried out in the TO-1 zone, element-by-element diagnostics D-2 in the TO-2 zone. Daily maintenance will be carried out at a separate station.

3.3 Scheme of the technological process at the site

From the maintenance waiting area, the car arrives at the general diagnostic post D-1. diagnostics allows you to assess the technical condition of the car as a whole and its individual units and components without disassembling, identify faults that require adjustment or repair work to eliminate, and also predict the reliability life of the car.

During general diagnostics, the technical condition of components and assemblies that ensure road safety is determined and the suitability of the vehicle for further operation is assessed.

Next, the car is transferred to the fastening station. It mainly checks the condition and fastening of the front and rear suspensions and shock absorbers, measures play in the bearings of wheel hubs and king pins, as well as assesses the condition of the frame and front axle beam. At the adjustment station, deficiencies identified during general diagnostics are eliminated, which can be eliminated through adjustment.

At the lubrication and refueling station, components and assemblies are lubricated, oil and other technical fluids are added.

Upon completion of maintenance, the vehicle undergoes quality control inspection and is transported to the vehicle storage area. Since the general diagnosis of D-1 is carried out before TO-1, the process flow diagram is carried out as for TO-1.

3.4 Selecting the operating mode of the production unit

The work of the production unit in the ATP is coordinated with the operating mode of the vehicles on the line. When assigning their operating mode, one should proceed from the requirements to perform large volumes of maintenance work.

To design a site for general diagnostics TO-1, we take the number of working days per year D RG = 302 days. Work on the site is carried out in two shifts. Shift duration is 8 hours. Lunch break time is 48 minutes (0.8 hours) (Appendix 7.8). The first shift starts at 8:00 a.m. and ends at 4:00 p.m. Second shift starts at 16:00 and ends at 0:30. Considering that a third of ATP vehicles operate on a “peak” basis, many vehicles can undergo TO-1 during the daytime, i.e. between the morning and evening "peak".

The combined work schedule of vehicles on the line and production departments of the ATP is presented in Figure No. 4.

Rice. 4

From the above graph it can be seen that cars entering the line starts at 5:30 a.m. and ends at 7:30 a.m. The peak starts at 10:00 am and ends at 11:30 am. The exit to the evening “peak” begins at 14:00 and ends at 16:00. Gradually, the departure of cars from the line begins at 19:30 and ends at 0:30. time D-1 from 0 h 00 min to 0 h 30 min.

3.5 Calculation of the number of general diagnostic posts D-1

The calculation of the number of diagnostic posts D-1 is determined by the formula:

Annual labor intensity of diagnostic work;

Duration of work shifts at posts D-1;

R - the number of workers simultaneously working at the post;

Number of working days per year;

Load unevenness factor = 1.10 (Appendix 23)

3.6 Distribution of performers by specialty and qualifications

The number of performers for each type of work is determined approximately by the distribution of the total amount of work (Appendix 1).

The number of performers was taken taking into account the possible combination of professions and is presented in Table 3.

3.7 Selection of technological equipment

The list of necessary technological equipment for diagnostics and production of TO-1 is given in Table 4, the list of technological equipment in Table 5.

Name	Type, model	Dimensions in plan, mm	Total area, m 2
1 Two-post ditch lift, electromechanical,
2. Combined installation for filling engines with oil, water, and tire inflation
3. Compressor
4. Table-top drilling machine
5. Sharpening machine
4. Backlash dynamometer		Portable - manual
5. Tire stand
6. Smoke meter
7. Table for preparing document requests

3.8 Technological equipment, organizational equipment and tools

3.9 Calculation of the production area of the site

The production area of the maintenance and diagnostics area is calculated using the formula:

where is the horizontal projection area of the car,

Number of posts in the diagnostic area (accepted 1)

The total horizontal projection area of the equipment;

Density coefficient for placement of posts and equipment (v. 4.6)

3.10 Operational and technological map D-1 of the KamAZ 5410 vehicle

Total labor intensity of D-1: 17.9 people. h

Number of performers on duty: 1

Title and content of the work	Place of work	Number of impact sites	Labor intensity of the work performed, person-min.	Devices, tools, accessories	Technical requirements and instructions
Check the tightness and condition of the devices and hoses of the pneumatic system. If necessary, repair the leak or direct the machine to the TP zone.	Above, below			Device K-235 M (2.1), open-end wrenches 12-27 mm, screwdriver, pliers	Air leakage is not allowed. The pressure drop in the pneumatic system should not exceed 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf/cm2) from the nominal pressure of 0.8 MPa (8.0 kgf/cm2) for 30 minutes. With compressed air consumers switched off and for 15 min. - when switched on.
Check the free play of the brake pedal. Adjust if necessary.			wrench 17 mm, hammer pliers, screwdriver	The adjustment is made by changing the length of the rod of the brake valve drive mechanism. The free play of the brake pedal should be 15-20 mm.
Check the effectiveness of the front wheel brakes. Adjust if necessary.				The brake system must satisfy the following parameters: - braking force, kN: ………………….35 - difference in braking forces on the left and right wheels - 11% - non-simultaneous actuation - 0.1 s - actuation time - 0.8 s; - pressing force on the brake pedal, N, no more than ....686
Check the effectiveness of the rear wheel brakes. If necessary, adjust and check again.			Brake testing area	The brake system must satisfy the following parameters: - braking force, kN: ………………….31 - difference in braking forces on the left and right wheels - 11% - non-simultaneous actuation - 0.1 s - actuation time - 0.8 s; - pressing force on the brake pedal, N, no more than ...686
Check the effectiveness of the parking brake. If necessary, adjust and check again.			Brake testing area	The braking force of the parking brake must be at least 64 kN. The parking brake lever must be securely locked in the braked position.
Check the operation of the auxiliary brake system.			The functionality of the motor retarder is checked with the engine running.
Check the integrity and functionality of the pressure gauges on the instrument panel.			Checked visually.

3.11 Calculation of the degree of coverage of workers with mechanized labor

The overall degree of coverage of workers with mechanized labor in a department is calculated using the formula:

where is the degree of coverage of workers with mechanized labor, %;

Degree of coverage of workers with mechanized and manual labor, %

The degree of coverage of workers with mechanized labor is calculated using the formula:

where is the number of workers in all shifts in a given department performing work by mechanization, people;

Number of workers in all shifts performing work mechanically and manually, people;

Number of workers in all shifts performing work manually, people.

The degree of coverage of workers with mechanized and manual labor is calculated using the formula:

Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation

Siberian State College of Construction and Entrepreneurship

Specialty No. 1705

Admitted to defense

deputy director for sustainable development. Head
department

Kabanov G.V. Semenov
V.A.

“___________”____”
“__________”____”

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Course project on the topic:

“Diagnostic section.”

Completed:

Student gr. 3053

Tukalenko. .

Checked:

Matveev E. Yu.

Irkutsk-2001

Siberian College of Construction and Entrepreneurship.

Task no.

To complete a course project on the diagnostic section, the student
Tukalenko.., course 3 group 3053.

Initial data:

Average daily mileage lcc= 320 km;

The climate is very cold.

Car make Number Mileage in km.

Explanatory note.

1. General part

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Object characteristics

2. Calculation and technological part

2.1. Selection of standards and correction factors

2.2. Calculation of the annual production program

2.3. Calculation of the annual volume of work

2.4. Calculation of the number of production workers

2.5. Selection of technological equipment

2.6. Calculation of production areas

3. Organizational part

3.2. Selection and justification of the work and rest regime

3.3. Occupational Safety and Health

4. Design part

5. Conclusion

Bibliography

The grafical part.

Sheet 1. Tablet drawing of the diagnostic area.

Sheet 2. Drawing of an assembly puller for cardan shaft bearings.

Project issue date ___________ Completion date __________

Head_______________, Chairman_______________

“_____” ___________ 2001 Protocol No. __________________

A common part_____________________________________________________

Introduction______________________________________________________________

Characteristics of the object_____________________________________________

Calculation and technological part_________________________________

Selection of standards and correction factors______________

2.1.1 Determination of labor intensity of maintenance__________________________________________

2.1.2 Determination of frequency_____________________________________________

2.1.3 Determination of the reduction coefficient __________________________

2.1.4 Determining the number of vehicles brought in___________________________

2.1.5 Determination of the total number of vehicles___________________________

2.1.6 Selection and adjustment of standards______________________________

2.1.7 Determination of the labor intensity of the SW__________________________________________

2.1.8 Determination of labor intensity of maintenance__________________________________________

Determination of the labor intensity of a technical project__________________________________________

2.1.10 Adjustment of mileage taking into account the frequency ratio________________________

2.2 Calculation of the annual production program______________________

2.2.1 Determination of the technical readiness coefficient________________

2.2.2 Definition of PS use________________________________________________

2.2.3 Determination of the annual mileage of the fleet______________________________

2.2.4 Determination of the number of services per year___________________________

2.2.5 Determination of the annual labor intensity of work__________________________

2.3 Calculation of the annual volume of work__________________________________________

2.3.1 Annual volume of work according to technical regulations__________________________________________

2.3.2 Determination of the annual shift program according to technical

car servicing_____________________________________________

2.3.3 Determination of the total annual labor intensity of maintenance and repair of a mobile

composition for
ATP._______________________________________________

2.3.4 Definition of the daily program________________________________

2.3.5 Determination of the shift program for maintenance____________________

2.4 Calculation of the number of production workers____________________

2.4.1 Determination of the technological number of workers____________________

Determination of the staffing number of workers______________________________________

2.4.3 Selection of technological equipment ___________________________

2.4.4 Calculation of production areas ______________________________
2.4.5 Technological map
__________________________________________

Organizational part__________________________________________

3.1 Process flow diagram________________________________
3.2 Choice
and justification for the work and rest schedule______________________________

3.3 Safety precautions and fire safety____________________

3.4 Occupational safety________________________________________________________________

4. Design part__________________________________________

Purpose and design of the cardan shaft puller________________________________

Operation of the device_______________________________________________

4.3 Safety precautions when working with the device_______________

5. Conclusion__________________________________________________________

6. List of used literature________________________________

1. General part.

1.1 Introduction.

Transportation by road involves the use
rolling stock (cars and road trains) in good working order
technical condition.

Good technical condition means full compliance
rolling stock to the standards determined by the rules of technical
operation and characterizes its performance.

The performance of a vehicle is assessed by a combination of
operational and technical qualities - dynamism, stability,
efficiency, reliability, durability, controllability, etc. -
which are expressed by specific indicators for each car.
So that the performance of the vehicle during operation is at
required level, the values of these indicators should be low for a long time
change from their original values.

However, the technical condition of the car, like any other car,
does not remain unchanged during long-term operation. It
deteriorates due to wear of parts and mechanisms, breakdowns and
other malfunctions, resulting in deterioration
operational and technical qualities of the car.

Changes in the specified qualities of the car as the mileage increases
may also occur as a result of non-compliance with technical rules
operation or maintenance of the vehicle.

The main means of reducing the wear rate of parts and
mechanisms and preventing vehicle malfunctions, that is
maintaining it in proper technical condition is timely
and high quality maintenance performance.

Maintenance is understood as a set of operations
(cleaning and washing, fastening, adjusting, lubricating, etc.), purpose
which - to prevent the occurrence of malfunctions (increase
reliability) and reduce wear of parts (increase durability), and
consistently, for a long time, maintain the vehicle in the condition
constant technical serviceability and readiness for work.

Even if all measures are taken, wear and tear on vehicle parts
may lead to malfunctions and the need to restore it
performance or repair. Therefore, by repair we mean
a set of technical influences aimed at restoring
technical condition of the car (its units and mechanisms),
lost car maintenance and repair.

The main document according to which maintenance and repairs are carried out
Automotive enterprises have regulations on maintenance and repair of vehicle transport substations.
According to this document, maintenance is carried out on a preventive basis,
over a certain mileage.

There are the following types of maintenance and repair: EO - daily
maintenance is aimed primarily at checking components
safety before leaving and upon returning from the line.

TO-1 - first maintenance, carried out after 3-5 thousand km.
TO-2 - the second maintenance, carried out after 10-15 thousand km. SO - seasonal
maintenance is carried out in spring and autumn. TR - current repairs, repairs
aimed at restoring a technically faulty condition,
excluding basic parts.

One of the directions to improve the technical condition
car park with minimal construction costs
production base for maintenance and current repairs is the construction
and organization of centralized vehicle maintenance and repair bases.
The centralized service base provides maintenance and repair services for several
motor vehicles that do not have their own production base. This form
allows the organization to concentrate means of mechanization
production processes, increase labor productivity and quality
works

Technical diagnostics of machines and, in particular, cars -
a relatively young field of knowledge that is in its infancy
formation and formation. Its objects can be components and mechanisms
vehicles that meet at least two conditions: be in two
mutually exclusive states - operational and inoperative; V
they can be identified elements (details), each of which is also
characterized by various conditions.

Diagnostics of the technical condition of cars is defined as an industry
knowledge that studies and identifies signs of a malfunction
vehicle, as well as methods, principles and equipment by which
a conclusion is given on the technical condition of the unit, unit, system without
disassembling the latter and predicting the service life of their proper operation.

One of the basic concepts of diagnostics is the concept<<отказа>>,
which refers to an event involving a violation
operability of the object.

1.2 Characteristics of the site.

Works from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm in one shift. From 12.00 to 13.00
lunch break. One person works at the site. Technological
the equipment corresponds to the diagnostic work performed.

The climate is very cold.

Number of cars - 110.

GAZ-53- 50 pcs.

PAZ-672- 40 pcs.

GAZ-52- 20 pcs.

The average daily mileage of a car is 320 km.

2 Calculation and technological part.

2.1 Selection of standards and correction factors.

2.1.1 Determination of labor intensity of maintenance.

2.2 for GAZ 53

5.5 for PAZ-672

2.1 for GAZ-52

2.1.2 Determination of frequency.

2.1.3 Determination of the reduction coefficient.

2.1.4 Determination of the number of brought vehicles.

list number of vehicles, pcs, pages

reduction coefficient.

2.1.5 Determination of the total number of vehicles.

Table 2.1

Distribution by mileage.

Make, model Mileage since start of operation

50000 75000 125000 170000 250000

For GAZ-53

For GAZ-52

2.1.6 Selection and adjustment of standards.

2.1.7 Determination of the labor intensity of the SW.

2.1.8 Determination of labor intensity of maintenance.

standard labor intensity of a maintenance unit of this type,

original adjustment factors

2.1.9 Determination of labor intensity of technical work.

Adjustment factor depending on category of conditions
operation (road condition), ;

Correction factor depending on the modification of the movable
composition (vehicle, trailer, semi-trailer), ;

Correction factor depending on natural climatic conditions
conditions and aggressiveness of the environment

Correction factor depending on mileage from the beginning
operation in shares of Kr., ;

The correction factor depends on the number of serviced and
vehicles being repaired at ATP and the number of technologically compatible groups
PS, .

K4 coefficient for PAZ is 672.

Mileage since the beginning of operation (in shares from standard to Kr):

Mileage (in shares from standard to Kr);

K4=0.5; K4=0.5; K4=0.8; K4=1; K4=1.3;

Technical coefficient value

vehicle readiness,

List of cars.

2.1.10 Adjustment of mileage taking into account the multiplicity.

Table 2.2

Mileage adjustment.

Type of mileage Designation

value Mileage, in km.

Regulatory Correction

rated Taking into account

multiplicity Accepted

to calculation

Average daily

standard frequency of this type of maintenance, km,

coefficient that takes into account the influence of categories of operating conditions on
mileage between maintenance,

coefficient taking into account natural and climatic conditions

standard mileage of the base car model, km,

the values of these coefficients are taken from

cars, km, pp

the frequency of maintenance-1 accepted for calculation for the entire fleet or for a group
cars, km, pp

cars, km, pp

the resulting correction factor for mileage to the first CD, km,

the frequency of maintenance 2 accepted for calculation for the entire fleet or for a group
cars, km, pp

2.2 Calculation of the annual production program.

2.2.1 Determination of the technical readiness coefficient.

Characterizes the number of technically sound vehicles at the ATP, strives to
unit.

days of downtime during maintenance and current repairs, days

0.30 days

20 days

correction factor depending on mileage and start
operation (dimensionless value),

average - weighted mileage to cap. Repair, km, pp

average daily vehicle mileage, km, pp

2.2.2 Determination of the use of rolling stock.

Characterizes the number of vehicles used in the ATP, tends to unity and
always less than the technical readiness coefficient, because it depends on the type
vehicle, work performed and number of drivers.

days of work per year (according to Sukhanov, 357 days per year)

calendar days in a year (365 in days),

coefficient taking into account the amount of underused mobile phone
composition for operational reasons according to Sukhanov (standard 0.97),

calculated coefficient of technical readiness of the vehicle. page

2.2.3 Determination of the annual mileage of the fleet.

coefficient of used machines, pcs.

average daily vehicle mileage, km, pp

calendar days in a year (365 in days)

2.2.4 Determination of the number of services per year.

the frequency of maintenance 2 accepted for calculation for the entire fleet or for a group
cars, km, pp

annual mileage of the fleet, km, pp

Determination of the number of maintenance - 1 per year.

annual mileage of the fleet, km, pp

the frequency of maintenance-1 accepted for calculation for the entire fleet or for a group
cars, km, pp

Determination of the number of SW per year.

annual mileage of the fleet, km, pp

average daily vehicle mileage, km, pp

number of vehicles brought, pcs, pages

Determination of the amount of D - 1 per year.

number of TO-1 per year. page

number of TO-2 per year. page

Determination of the amount of D - 2 per year.

2.2.5 Determination of the annual labor intensity of work.

Annual labor intensity for maintenance is 1.

number of TO-1 per year. page

Annual labor intensity for maintenance is 2.

number of TO-2 per year, pp

maintenance labor intensity factor, pp

Annual labor intensity for D - 1.

number of D-1 per year

percentage falling to the share of diagnostic work from the total volume
works for this type of maintenance

Annual labor intensity D - 2.

maintenance labor intensity factor, pp.

2.3 Calculation of the annual volume of work.

2.3.1 Annual volume of work on Tr.

annual mileage of the fleet, km, pp

annual labor intensity for maintenance-1,2 page 21

2.4 Calculation of the number of production workers.

2.4.1 Determination of the technological number of workers (actual or
appearance).

Annual workplace fund, hour

Calendar days in a year (365),

days off a year,

Holidays (9 days),

pre-holiday days (6 days),

2.4.2 Determination of the regular number of workers.

production worker fund per year, hour,

vacation time, hour,

loss of time for valid reasons, hour

vacation time in hours, hour

days of main vacation,

shift duration, hour,

2.4.3 Selection of technological equipment.

Table 2.5

Equipment,

devices, utensils, special tools. Model

Power consumption, kW

Stand for checking truck brakes. and buses. TsKB K-207 1
6000X3500 21

A device for checking the steering control of a car. K-402 1 50X60 0.0030

Stand for testing shock absorbers K-113 1 1000X3000 3

Gas analyzer NIIAT

K-456 1 30X40 0.0012

A device for checking the free and working travel of the brake pedal and
car clutch. NIIAT

K-446 1 60X20 0.0012

A device for installing and checking headlights. TsKTB

K-303 1 1500X600 0.9

A device for checking the correct installation of the ignition. E-102 1
1000X600 0.6

Workbench Project 1 2500X800 2

EMBED Equat??????

Calculation of production areas

overall width of the car, m,

the largest overall width of equipment installed with one and
other side of the line, m,

distances from the side surfaces of the vehicle to the equipment and to
walls, m,

distance from equipment to wall, m

2.4.5 Technological map.

TR of the GAZ-53 car

Labor intensity of work_________1.0_______ people * min.___________

Performers 1 person

Specialty and category of working auto mechanic 4-category.

Table 2.5

p/n Name of operations, transitions and techniques Place of execution
operations Number of places or service points Equipment and tools
Tr, person*m. Specifications and instructions

1 Install the device on the steering wheel of the car. and hook the hook onto the pedal
clutch

1 Device model

K-446 0.2 Install the device in accordance with its instructions for
operation

2 Set the scale to zero pressure opposite the mark (arrow) on the body
device.

Continuation of table 2.5

p/n Name of operations, transitions and techniques Place of execution of operations
Number of places or service points Equipment and tools Tr, person*m.
Specifications and instructions

3 Release the pedal until the resistance increases noticeably
movement D

1 - 0.2 The pedal movement should be slow and even.

4 Record the instrument readings.

5 Assess the free play of the pedal.

1 - 0.2 The free travel of the clutch pedal should not be less than 10-15 mm

6 Remove the device from the car

1 - 0.1 If the free stroke is smaller, it is adjusted. If the outer end
traction has become small and does not allow adjustment, then the car should be directed to
maintenance and repair zone.

3.Organizational part.

3.1 Process flow diagram

Admission to

Troubleshooting

Intermediate warehouse

The part arrives at the site, is disassembled, washed if necessary, then
sent for troubleshooting. After this, the parts are sorted, unusable
sent to scrap, parts requiring repair are repaired, suitable
parts repaired, as well as new or manufactured
independently and are sent for assembly and testing.

3.2. Selection and justification of the work and rest regime.

Labor productivity at ATP is directly dependent on
technical condition of cars. The condition of the cars in turn
depends on the organization, technology and quality of work.

However, a number of enterprises have a planned preventive maintenance and repair system,
secured by position, replaced by the system as needed.
Maintenance work is replaced (TR), for which
up to 90% of all repair workers and material resources are diverted.

The main reason for the increase in the volume of TR work, overall costs and downtime
cars is an underestimation of the role of production organization. The most
progressive technique cannot be used progressively at low
level of organization of production and labor of repair workers. To
to get good results you need to restructure your work in relation to
new system of labor organization.

The work of production departments involved in ATP, maintenance, technical repairs should
be consistent with the operating mode of vehicles on the line.

Cars enter the line: from 7.00 to 9.00 am.

Return of cars from the line: from 17.00 to 21.00 pm.

Lunch break: from 12.00 to 13.00

Site opening: from 8.00 to 17.00

Combined inter-shift schedule for vehicles working on the line

with the work schedule of the diagnostic maintenance area.

Tms Trl Trl Tms

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Hours of the day

Workers shift III shift I shift II
change

Line work

Site work

Tms - intershift time

TRL - vehicle operating time on the line

3.3 Safety precautions and fire safety.

Premises of the sanitary technical diagnostic station
parameters must correspond to the production premises for
car maintenance.

The placement of equipment and instruments should not interfere with the operator’s visibility
for cars located at inspection posts.

Painting of walls, ceiling, control panel should
comply with the requirements of SN 181-70.

In addition to general ventilation, at engine operation check stations
there must be local (hose or remote) exhaust suction
gases

The movement of rolling stock from post to post is only permitted
after turning on the signal (sound, light).

Posts must have emergency stop signals.

Before checking the brakes, the vehicle must be securely secured.
fixing device.

At the operator's workplace, the console must be rotating,
height-adjustable chair.

Control devices must have a local, non-blinding effect on the operator
lighting.

Fire is an uncontrolled combustion outside a special fireplace, causing
material damage. Large fires often take on the character of a spontaneous
disasters and are accompanied by accidents to people. Particularly dangerous
fires in storage areas for flammable and combustible liquids and
gases

Eliminating the causes of fires is one of the most important conditions
ensuring fire safety at ATP. The enterprise should
organize fire safety training and training in a timely manner
fire technical minimum. On the territory, in production,
administrative, warehouse and auxiliary premises are necessary
establish a strict fire safety regime. Must be given and
There are special smoking areas. For used
for cleaning material, metal boxes with lids are provided. For
storage of flammable and combustible substances is determined by the places and
establish permissible quantities of their one-time storage.

The territory of the ATP must be systematically cleared of production
waste, the territory of the designed site must be equipped
primary means of fire extinguishing protection.

Fire safety must comply with: GOST requirements
12.1.004-85, building codes and regulations.

3.4 Occupational safety

In our country, labor protection is a system of legislative
acts and corresponding socio-economic, technical,
hygienic and organizational measures ensuring
safety, preservation of human health and performance in
labor process.

At an enterprise where labor protection of workers must be given constant attention
attention, attitude of engineering, technical and management workers to
implementation of measures to improve working conditions in production facilities
conditions should serve as a criterion for their civic maturity and
professional preparedness.

Occupational safety is also an important economic factor,
improvement of conditions affects labor productivity and quality of output
products, reducing the number of accidents, reducing staff turnover,
injuries and occupational diseases, as well as related economic
losses.

An important factor in improving labor protection at the enterprise
is to provide employees of the enterprise with the necessary
normative and reference literature.

4. Design part.

4.1. Purpose and design of the device.

Puller I-801.33.000. used for removing cardan shaft bearings.

It consists of:

Bolts 1, washer 2, screw 3, traverse 4.

4.2. Work of the device.

First remove the support plates of the fork flange by straightening the plate
and unscrewing the bolts. Screw bolts 1 (Fig. 2) of the puller into the bolt holes
forks; resting washer 2 against the bearing, screw screw 3 into traverse 4 until
pressing out the opposite bearing by 15-20 mm. Wrap with strip
sand the protruding part of the bearing and remove it. Also
remove the second fork bearing.

4.3 Safety precautions when working with the device.

Before putting into operation, cranes and their movements must be
inspected and tested by the technical personnel of the enterprise,
responsible for the operation of these machines with the drawing up of an act in accordance with
rules of Gosgortekhnadzor.

Electric taps must have automatic devices (limit
switches, load limiters, etc.) providing
work safety.

The weight of the cargo, taking into account rigging devices and containers, must not exceed
maximum lifting capacity at a given boom radius. Use
Cranes for moving people are prohibited.

Ropes and other rigging devices must comply with
current GOSTs and have a certificate (certificate) of the plant
manufacturer. If they are received without the specified certificate, they
must be subjected to tests with appropriate documentation.

Equipment used for moving units and heavy parts,
must comply with the requirements of the Gosgortekhnadzor rules and have a bright
coloring (black stripes on a yellow background). It should have automatic
limit switches and maximum load limiters,
ensuring work safety.

5 Conclusion.

In the process of designing the site, diagnostics were given three brands
cars (PAZ-672, GAZ-52, GAZ-53) operating in moderately cold
climate, with an average daily mileage of 320 km, with category IV conditions
operation.

When calculating the labor intensity of the ATP, it turned out that the PAZ-672 car
have greater labor intensity than GAZ-52 and GAZ-53 cars. Due to
with this PAZ-672 was taken as the main model. Annual vehicle mileage
amounted to 67511040 km.

The rolling stock utilization rate is almost equal to
coefficient of technical readiness of the substation, which indicates good
organization of labor at this ATP.

The designed diagnostic section at the ATP was located in
in accordance with various GOST requirements, as well as specialization
plot and its size.

6 List of references used.

Literature.

1. Vereshchak V.P., Abelevich L.A. Design of motor vehicles

enterprises: Engineer's Directory.-M.: Transport, 1973.-328 p.

Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions
workers/State Committee of the USSR. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1986. Issue. 2.-606 s.

Kleiner B.S., Tarasov V.V. Maintenance and repair
cars: Organization and management. - M.: Transport, 1986.-236 p.

Klebanov B.V. Design of production areas for auto repair
enterprises. - M.: Transport, 1975.-178 p.

Kramarenko G.V., Barashakov N.V. Car maintenance -
M.: Transport, 1982.-368 p.

Matveev V.A., Pustovalov P.L. Technical standardization of repair work in
agriculture. - M.: Kolos, 1979.-227 p.

Napolsky G.M. Technological design of motor vehicles
enterprises and service stations.-M.: Transport,
1985.-230.

General machine-building standards for cutting modes and time for
technical standardization/State Committee of the USSR.-M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1974.-198
With.

All-Union standards for technological design of enterprises
road transport: ONTP-01-86/Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M.: CBNTI
Ministry of Autotrans of the RSFSR, 1986.-128 p.

All-Union standards for technological design of automobile repair shops
enterprises: ONTP-02-86/Minavtotrans RSFSR.-M.: CBNTI Minavtotrans
RSFSR, 1986.-132 p.

Regulations on maintenance and repair of rolling stock
automobile transport/Ministry of Autotrans of the RSFSR.-M.: Transport, 1988.-74 p.

Guide to diagnosing the technical condition of rolling stock
automobile transport/NIIAT, GosavtotransNIIpro-ekt.-M.: Transport,
1976.-98 p.

Guide to organization and technology of maintenance
trucks using diagnostics for road transport
enterprises of various capacities: MU-200-RSFSR-12-0139-81. For example
cars ZIL-130/Ministry of Autotrans of the RSFSR.-M.: CBNTI of the Ministry of Autotrans of the RSFSR,
1981.-88s.

Manual for routine repairs (stationary work) of cars
KamAZ-5320, -5511, -5410, GKB-8350 trailers, OdAZ-9370 semi-trailers;
RT-200-RSFSR-15-0061-81. Part 1/Technical Department of the Ministry of Autotransport
RSFSR.-M.: TsNIITEIpischeproma, 1984.-321 p.

Specialized technological equipment: Nomenclature
catalog/Ministry of Autotrans of the RSFSR.-M.: CBNTI of the Ministry of Autotransport of the RSFSR.-1986.-185 p.

Specialized technological equipment: Changes and additions
to the nomenclature catalog ed. 1986/Ministry of Autotrans of the RSFSR.-M.: CBNTI
Ministry of Transport of the RSFSR, 1987.-18 p.

Spichkin G.V., Tretyakov A.M. Workshop on diagnostics
cars/Text. Manual for SPTU.-2nd ed., revised. And additional-M.: Higher
school, 1986.-439 p.

Sukhanov B.N., Borzykh I.O., Bedarev Yu.F. Maintenance and
car repair: Coursework and diploma guide
design.-M.: Transport. 1991.-158 p.

Typical workplace designs for a motor transport enterprise / NIIAT
(Leningrad branch). KazNIIPIAT, GosavtotransNII-proekt.-M.:
Transport, 1977.-197 p.

Shadrichev V.A. .Basics of automotive technology and repair
cars.-L.: Mechanical Engineering, 1976.-560 p.

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1. Research part

1.1 Analysis of the number and composition of the passenger vehicle fleet in Khanty-Mansiysk-Yugra and Khanty-Mansiysk

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is one of the most dynamically developing regions of the Russian Federation. Our district is the main oil and gas bearing region of Russia and one of the largest oil producing regions in the world. In Russia, KhMAO-Yugra is a leader in a number of key economic indicators:

1st place - in oil production;

I place - in electricity production;

I place - in terms of industrial production volume;

2nd place - in gas production;

2nd place - in terms of investment in fixed assets;

2nd place - in terms of tax receipts into the budget system.

Following the growth of the territory's prosperity, the quality of life and well-being of its citizens also grows. There is an opportunity to purchase a personal car. The annual increase in the vehicle fleet in the district is approximately 10-15%. From 2008 to 2009, the fleet of passenger cars in KhMAO-Yugra increased by 61,714 units. This represents 13.9% of the total number of passenger cars. In the period from 2009 to 2010, the increase was 387 vehicles (less than 1%). Table 1 shows the number of different types of vehicle fleet of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in the period from 2007 to 2010.

Number of cars in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Diagram of changes in the number of cars in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Analyzing the table and graph, you can see that passenger road transport is developing most in the district. This allows us to conclude that the development of the area of technical maintenance of passenger vehicles is promising in the district. Table 2 reflects the number of registered cars in the period 2009-2010 in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansiysk.

Number of registered passenger cars

Automobile	Total for Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug	Total for Khanty-Mansiysk

VAZ - “Classic”
VAZ - 2108, 09, 10 and modification
VAZ - 2120 and modification
"Niva" VAZ-2123 and modification
"Niva" VAZ-2121 and modification
"OKA" VAZ-1111 and modifications
"Moskvich" - 412, 2140, 2141 and modifications
IZH - 2126 and modifications
GAZ - 20, 21 and modifications
"VOLGA" GAZ - 24, 3102, 3110, 3111 and modifications
UAZ -469, 3151 and modification
UAZ - 3160, 3162 and modification

Foreign cars
Other passenger cars

According to the table, it can be seen that during the period under review, with a decrease in demand for domestic passenger cars (l/a), the demand for foreign-made cars not only did not fall, but amounted to 13,249 units. (7% of last year's amount). The number of foreign-produced l/a in the district already occupies 44% of the market.

Increase in the number of l/a in Khanty-Mansiysk for 2009-2010 (pcs.)

From Figure 2 it is clear that against the backdrop of a general decline in interest in domestic cars, the demand for foreign cars showed a significant increase (847 units, 11.6% of last year’s number of foreign cars).

Figures 3 and 4 show that the share of the rank of l/a of foreign production for the period 2009-2010. increased by 4% and amounted to 42%. Summarizing the data, we can conclude: the consumer market of Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk is already focused on foreign-made cars. In the absence of profitable offers from domestic automakers, the market share of foreign cars will increase in the future. Additionally, this will be facilitated by the development of the automotive industry in China, Korea, and India - since manufacturers in these countries (while improving product quality) will play a significant role in the price niche occupied by the domestic automobile industry.

Number of passenger cars in Khanty-Mansiysk as of 01/01/2009

Number of cars in Khanty-Mansiysk as of 01/01/2010

Due to the conclusions made in the previous paragraph, we can say that the creation of a service station focused primarily on servicing foreign vehicles seems promising, while in no case should the potential of servicing modern domestic vehicles be underestimated.

Maintenance of modern vehicles is divided into:

1. Warranty;

2. Post-warranty.

If in the first case, in order to maintain warranty obligations, the car owner is forced to undergo maintenance and technical repairs at the service station of an official representative, and often loses in the cost of service. Then, during the post-warranty period, the car owner tries to find an independent auto service in order to save on the cost of service, and, preferably, without losing in the quality of service. There are no official dealers of leading automobile companies in Khanty-Mansiysk; this forces car owners to transport the car to an official dealer station (in another city). All this leads to loss of time for the car owner, idle mileage of the car, and unnecessary financial expenses. Therefore, during the post-warranty period, the car owner will be interested in a service station that has the following basic properties:

1. Proximity to home;

2. Reduced cost of maintenance and purchase of spare parts;

3. Minimal loss of service quality compared to an official dealer;

4. Wide range of operations performed.

It is to satisfy these main four points that the STO will be calculated in this thesis.

At the moment, a number of licensed and shadow technical service stations operate in Khanty-Mansiysk. This project only considers enterprises with licensed activities. Since the shadow ones do not satisfy the growing need for quality of service. Table 2 shows the main service stations in Khanty-Mansiysk operating under a state license.

Licensed service stations in Khanty-Mansiysk

	The name of indicators
	Balance-Consulting, OJSC	st. Kalinina, 53
	STO Start-Auto	st. Stroiteley, 1
	Auto services	st. Sverdlova 39
	Car service	st. Pavlika Morozova, 19
	Car service unit	st. Tobolsk tract, gas station
		st. Agricultural 36
	Tire service
	Car service	st. Patrice-Lumumba, no. 11
	STO Pit stop	st. Mira 115

	Tire service	st. Bypass, gas station
	I.P. Novikov S.V.	st. Ermaka GSK
	I.P. Shekherev S.A.	st. Ermaka GSK
	STO Lukoil	st. Mira 106
	Service station Yugra Auto	st. Shevchenko 49
	STO Avtoprok	st. Geologists 35
	Service station tire fitting, balancing	st. Ermaka 2
	Repair and operational base, JSC	st. Roznina, 48 A
	OJSC "Khantymansiyskavtoservis"	st. Engelsa, 41
	Service station "Three Gates"	st. Bypass 18
		Beznoskova st. 17
	STO Autoservices	st. Barabinskaya
	ATP Khanty-Mansiysk	st. Mira 102

The YUGRA-Auto service station was chosen as the basis for the designed service station, as a station with a high level of service, modern equipment, and a professional team.

1.2 Organizational characteristics of the enterprise LLC "YUGRA-Avto"

Limited Liability Company "Yugra - Auto" was founded in 2003. The founders of the company are the State Unitary Enterprise “Executive Directorate of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Generation Fund”. The company services cars and minibuses of various brands.

The development of Yugra-Auto LLC is aimed at meeting the growing needs of the population, organizations and enterprises for advanced, high-quality car service and repair in Khanty-Mansiysk.

This service station provides the following types of services:

Washing and cleaning work.

Car maintenance.

Inspection, diagnostic and adjustment work.

Electrical work on a car.

Replacement of units, components and parts.

Repair of the front suspension and steering of a car.

Body and straightening works.

Preparation for painting and painting of cars.

Tire work, wheel balancing.

Installation of additional equipment (alarms, radio equipment, additional lights, attachments, engine heating, etc.).

Maintenance and repair of automobile air conditioners.

Anti-corrosion treatment of the body.

Additionally, during the winter period, Ugra-Auto LLC provides services for starting car engines, which is relevant in the conditions of the north.

In the period until 2005, the company was also engaged in the sale of cars from domestic and foreign manufacturers, and components for them. Due to the difficult period of the global economic crisis, the company had to temporarily abandon this area of activity.

Number of posts at the enterprise

Car service diagram

The total number of personnel of the enterprise is 20 people. Work is carried out on weekdays from 9:00 - 18:00. The company plans to switch to a shift work system, in which case customer service will be provided daily, seven days a week, and opening hours will remain the same.

The total number of employees in the enterprise LLC "Ugra-Avto"

Name of structural unit	Job title	Zar. fee (rub.)	Total amount
Administration	CEO			monthly
Accounting	Chief Accountant			monthly
	Accountant (cashier)			monthly
Production service	Head of Production Service			monthly
	Master Receiver			monthly
	Car mechanic	by position		monthly
	Driver			monthly
	Car wash	by position		monthly
Engineering service	Quality Engineer (Assurance)			monthly
	Storekeeper			monthly
	Industrial cleaner premises			monthly
	Electrician	by position		monthly

Organizational chart of the enterprise

Also, Ugra-Auto LLC has two cars at its disposal:

Passenger car Shuttle BDD 6491 4WD,

Tow truck ZIL 5301

Overview of areas occupied by premises

Every day, depending on weather conditions, 20 - 30 cars are serviced at the service station. For the year, this figure is approximately 5,220. Most of the vehicles serviced by Ugra-Auto LLC are cars from foreign manufacturers. If the part necessary for repair is not available in the warehouse or in city stores, Ugra-Auto LLC provides the service of ordering and delivering the necessary spare parts. Delivery times range from 3 days to 3 months (depending on the make of the car and the availability of the part(s) in the supplier’s warehouse).

The cost of service varies depending on the complexity of the repair provided. When conducting a technical inspection of a car, the cost of the service is determined by the number of standard hours spent on the inspection.

Yugra-Auto LLC has modern and high-quality equipment at its disposal, which allows us to find faults and eliminate them in the shortest possible time. In its constant pursuit of high quality work, the company modernizes and replaces used equipment, as well as improves the technological process for car repair and maintenance.

1.3 Characteristics of the vehicle diagnostics area at the LLC Yugra-Auto enterprise

At the Yugra-Auto LLC enterprise there are 4 posts for carrying out diagnostics, and, if necessary, maintenance and repair of vehicles. Each post is equipped with artificial lighting and a ventilation system. At the first post the work is carried out by 2 mechanics. All posts are equipped with lifts, a set of tools, as well as other necessary equipment.

Equipment used on site:

Stand for measuring wheel alignment angles (alignment / camber) Gorghi Exact 7000 Mercedes Radio

Gorghi Exact 7000 Mercedes Radio stand

Computer stand for measuring vehicle wheel alignment angles (wheel alignment). Designed to check and adjust the alignment angles of all wheels.

Equipped with new type of infrared sensors, universal quick clamps for installing sensors on wheels. It has an annually updated database of 18,000 car models. The information is displayed on a 17" color monitor. It has an automatic disk curvature compensation program. Allows you to measure the deviation of the vehicle's axles.

Main characteristics:

- Angle measurement with infrared semiconductor sensors,

- Measurement accuracy 0.01 degrees,

- Database on hard drive,

- User data bank and work archive,

- Guide for making adjustments with animated pictures and illustrations,

- Color inkjet or laser printer,

- Keyboard,

- Free change of operations - switching from one operating mode to another,

- Various types of compensation for disc unevenness,

- Multiple compensation on one wheel,

- Automatic measurement of wheel angle directly by sensors,

- Presentation of data in degrees and minutes or hundredths of a degree, availability of metric and inch measurement systems,

- Graphical representation of the difference between the measured value and the database value,

- Car chassis diagnostics,

- Universal clamps for sensors for wheels 10"" - 19"" or 10"" - 26"",

- Remote control

Specifications:

Power supply

Central device 220V/50-60Hz

Power consumption of the central device 0.4 kW

Email radio sensor battery 7.2 V 3000mAh

Dimensions

Central device (without sensors and 17" monitor) 800x630x1710 mm

Central device (with sensors - clamps - 17" monitor) 1350x1320x1710 mm

Sensors 800x135x210 mm

Weight

Central device 130 kg

Sensors 30 kg

Electrical and electronic components 26 kg

Noise level<70dB

Contents of delivery

- Brake pedal lock,

- steering wheel lock,

- CD-ROM with software,

- User manual,

- Spare parts catalogue,

- Catalog of original accessories.

The company uses OMCN lifts. All OMCN lifts are equipped with AC motors with a voltage of 380 volts, 50 hertz, 3 phases with grounding. The control and safety equipment is powered by a reduced voltage of 24 volts. In order to improve protective functions and increase safety measures on all lifts, the following are used:

- double couplings made of bronze “B14” (working and safety);

- signaling of wear of the working coupling beyond the norm;

- automatic lubrication system for the working pair;

- sagging indicator and synchronizing chain damper;

- general power switch with locking against unauthorized access;

- factory tests are carried out for a load exceeding the nominal load by 50%.

Two-post lift OMCN 199/N

Load capacity 3.0 t

Engine power 3.3 kW

Power supply 380/50 V/Hz

Lift weight 890 kg

Four-post lift OMCN 402

Load capacity 3.5 t

Engine power 2.2 kW

Power supply 380/50 V/Hz

Lift weight 1400 kg

Four-post lift OMCN 401

Hoist OMCN 401

Load capacity 4.0 t

Engine power 3.0 kW

Power supply 380/50 V/Hz

Lift weight 1170 kg

2. Calculation and technological part

2.1 Potential market analysis

According to traffic police statistics, as of January 1, 2010, 20,430 l/a were registered in Khanty-Mansiysk. The permanent population as of January 1, 2010 in the city is 75.9 thousand people. That. At the moment, for every resident of Khanty-Mansiysk there is 0.27 l/a.

Let's forecast the number of cars regularly undergoing maintenance at service stations in 2015. This period will allow us to include both the construction of a new service station with the installation of equipment, and the station reaching full operating capacity.

According to the Independent Institute for Social Policy, in 2003 the city's population was 43 thousand people. If the growth rate of development of the territory is maintained, in 5 years 100 thousand people will live in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. Figure 9 shows the trend line of city population growth; the analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel.

Population of Khanty-Mansiysk

It is also likely that due to the end of the recession in Russia and in the world, people will want to increase their mobility and purchase a car. The growth in the number of cars will also be facilitated by a further increase in the number of cars driven by the fair half of humanity. Therefore, we can confidently assume that there will be 0.28-0.3 cars per resident of Khanty-Mansiysk.

In the period under review, based on the statistics presented in Part 1 of the thesis, it can be assumed that the market share occupied by foreign-made vehicles will increase and amount to 50-55%, this will be facilitated by the following factors:

1. Reducing the number of domestic classic cars (VAZ-classic, Niva, Moskvich, Volga, etc.) This group of cars that have served their useful life will be sold to other regions or scrapped (the latter will be greatly facilitated by the state program for the recycling of old cars ).

2. High level of income per resident of the region (average salary in the district - 38.1 rubles)

3. The average age of a resident of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is 33-35 years old, and is the most economically active; at this age, status, comfort, dynamic characteristics, and safety of the purchased car play a significant role in the choice of vehicle.

A change in the qualitative composition of the vehicle fleet will cause a change in some of the most important coefficients; it can be assumed that the coefficient of serviced vehicles will increase from to. The following factors will contribute to this:

1. The complexity of the design of a modern car;

2. Increasing the number of cars driven by women;

3. Saving time for the car owner to perform vehicle maintenance and repairs.

Thus, we can predict the number of cars regularly serviced at service stations by 2015. Let's use the following formula:

Where N lives - the number of officially registered residents in Khanty-Mansiysk by 2015.

k - coefficient of serviced cars (% of the total number of cars)

- coefficient showing the number of cars per 1 resident.

Thus:

Thus, we assume that the number of cars regularly visiting the service station in 2015 will be 19,600 units. At the moment, every sixth car owner who applies for services at a service station is placed on a waiting list. Accordingly, now the new service station can claim a market share of 15-16%.

Considering that the current capacity of vehicle maintenance enterprises is overloaded (the latter is explained by the presence of a queue). Allowing for the possibility of expanding the territory of existing service stations and the construction of new stations, in general we can count on 40% of the growing car service market until 2015. Accordingly, we can calculate the number of cars that the designed service station can service:

Where N- the planned number of cars serviced at the designed service station;

N tek - the number of cars in Khanty-Mansiysk for 2010;

- coefficient of serviced cars (current period);

N avt - the predicted number of cars regularly serviced at a service station in Khanty-Mansiysk by 2015.

Thus:

4750 cars are accepted for calculation.

Table 6 contains the data for the calculation. Coefficients and standard indicators are taken from the all-Union standards for technological design of road transport enterprises (ONTP-01-91/ROSAVTOTRANS).

Data for calculating the technological process of the designed service station

2.2 Calculation of the production program for maintenance and repair

passenger production car

Determination of the standard maintenance frequency and mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic

, km (1)

where is the standard mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic;

- coefficient defining the category of operating conditions (0.9);

- coefficient taking into account the classification of rolling stock (1);

- coefficient taking into account the climate zone (0.9).

, km

Determination of mileage before maintenance- 1 and maintenance- 2

, km (2)

where is the standard frequency of TO-1 and TO-2. For passenger cars =15,000 km, =30,000 km.

, km

Adjustment of mileage based on average daily mileage

The adjustment consists of selecting numerical values of the frequency of vehicle mileage (km) and mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic (km), multiples of each other and multiples of the average daily mileage. A deviation from the norm of 10% is allowed.

After determining the estimated frequency of TO-1 (L1), a final adjustment of its value is made by multiple with the average daily mileage of vehicles (Lcc)

(3)

Where n is the multiplicity value, rounded to the nearest whole number

The final multiplicity-corrected periodicity value of TO-1 takes on the value

, km (4)

After determining the calculated frequency of TO-2, its multiplicity is checked with the adjusted frequency of TO-1

(5)

The final adjusted frequency value of TO-2 takes the value

, km (6)

The estimated mileage of the vehicle before major repairs is adjusted by multiple with the frequency of TO-1 and TO-2

(7)

The final adjusted value of the estimated vehicle mileage before major repairs takes on the value:

, km (8)

, km

Calculation of the maintenance and repair production program for one car per cycle

The number of technical impacts is determined by the cyclic method in the case when the annual mileage of vehicles is unknown.

The number of repairs and maintenance per vehicle per cycle is determined by the ratio of the cycle mileage to the mileage before a given type of impact. Since the cycle mileage L c in this calculation method is assumed to be equal to the mileage L KP of the car to the CR, the number of CR of one car per cycle will be equal to one.

Thus, the number KP(N KP), TO-2 (N 2), TO-l(N l). and EO((N EO) per cycle per car can be represented in the following form:

(9)

(10)

(11)

Determining the number of days a car is in good condition per cycle

D ec - the number of days the car is in technically sound condition per cycle;

(12)

days

Determining the number of days of vehicle downtime in the Kyrgyz Republic

When determining Dcr, it is necessary to take into account that the downtime of a car in the Kyrgyz Republic provides for the total number of calendar days when the car is taken out of service.

(13)

where is the standard downtime of a car in the Kyrgyz Republic at a car repair plant; for a passenger car this standard is not standardized, it was decided to accept = 5 days.

days

Number of days of vehicle downtime in the Kyrgyz Republic per cycle

(14)

where is the downtime of the car in maintenance and repair in days per 1000 km (0.22);

K 4 - correction factor taking into account the age of the vehicle (0.8).

Calculation of the technical readiness factor

(15)

Where D ec- days of operation per cycle.

Calculation of the transition coefficient from cycle to year

(16)

Annual number of EO, TO-1 and TO-2

The annual number of EO, (N EOg) TO-1 (No. 1g) and TO-2 (No. 2g) for one listed car and the entire fleet (group) of cars of the same model (N EOg, N1g, N2g) will be:

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(performed by owners)

Annual vehicle mileage

(23)

km

Calculation of the daily maintenance and repair program

(25)

where D is the number of days in a year.

(26)

Calculation summary values

2.3 Calculation of annual volumes of maintenance and repair work

Selection and adjustment of standard labor intensity

The annual volume of work on ATO is determined in man-hours and means the volume of work on EO, TO-1, TO-2 and self-service of the enterprise. Based on these volumes, the number of working production zones and sections is determined.

The annual volumes of EO, TO-1 and TO-2 are calculated based on the annual production program of this type and the labor intensity of maintenance. The annual volume of TR is determined by the annual mileage of the vehicle fleet and the specific labor intensity of TR per 1000 km.

EO standards mean only the labor intensity of UMR, and other EO work (refueling, parking cars, checking the technical condition of the car) is carried out by the driver at the expense of preparatory and final time and by the gearbox mechanic. The estimated labor intensity of the EO t E 0 can be determined using the expressions:

Estimated standard adjusted labor intensity (TO-1, TO-2, TR) for the rolling stock of the designed ATP

(27)

(28)

(29)

where is the standard labor intensity of TO-1 in man-hours. (2.5)

- standard labor intensity of TO-2 in man-hours. (4.8)

- standard specific labor intensity of TR in man-hours/1000 km. (0.8)

person-hour

, person-hour/1000 km

Calculation of annual volumes of maintenance and repair work

(30)

(31)

(32)

person-hour

Annual volume of maintenance and auxiliary work

(33)

Distribution of annual work by workshops and areas

(34)

Where is the annual volume of work of the i-th type (EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR, auxiliary and independent), g is the share of work.

Distribution of labor intensity of EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR, auxiliary work and self-service by type

Type of impact	Share of works	Labor intensity

Diagnostic
Fastening
Adjustment

Electrical
Power System Maintenance



Diagnostic
Fastening
Adjustment
Lubricants, filling and cleaning
Electrical
Power System Maintenance



Post work
Diagnostic
Adjustment
Disassembly and assembly
Welding and tinsmithing
Painting

Local works
Aggregate
Plumbing and mechanical
Electrical
Rechargeable

Tire fittings
Vulcanization
Forge-spring
Mednitsky
Welding
Zhestyanitsky
Reinforcement
Woodworking



Auxiliary works:
Self-service work
Transport
Driving cars
Driving cars

Cleaning of premises and territories

Total for ATP

2.3 Calculation of the number of production workers

Technologically required (appearance) number of workers

(35)

where is the annual volume of work in a maintenance zone, technical repair zone or section, man-hours. Ft - annual fund of technically necessary time, part Ft-2070.

Staffing number of workers

(36)

where is the annual time fund of a full-time worker, hours = 1830.

Determination of the technological and staffing number of workers at the service station

Type of impact	Labor intensity	Technological strength	Headcount
		Calculated	Accepted	Calculated	Accepted
THAT- 1
Diagnostic
Fastening
Adjustment
Lubricants, filling and cleaning
Electrical
Power System Maintenance

Total:
THAT- 2
Diagnostic
Fastening
Adjustment
Lubricants, filling and cleaning
Electrical
Power System Maintenance

Total:

Post work
Diagnostic
Adjustment
Disassembly and assembly
Welding and tinsmithing
Painting
Total:
Local works
Aggregate
Plumbing and mechanical
Electrical
Rechargeable
Repair of power system devices
Tire fittings
Vulcanization
Forge-spring
Mednitsky
Welding
Zhestyanitsky
Reinforcement
Woodworking

Total:
Total:
Auxiliary works:
Self-service work
Transport
Driving cars
Reception, storage and issuance of material assets
Cleaning of premises and territories
Total:
Total for ATP

Additional employees:

Master receptionist - 2 people;

Accountant - 2 people;

Lawyer - consultant - 1 person;

Warehouse manager - 1 person;

Director - 1 person;

Total for ATP 47 workers.

2.4 Calculation of the number of posts and sections

Calculation of the number of posts TO-1 and TO-2

where is labor intensity; Q - coefficient of unevenness of vehicle arrivals, Q = 1.12; - number of days of work per year; - number of shifts; =1; - number of workers at the post; =1.5; L - working time utilization factor, L=0.9.

We accept 4 posts.

We accept 5 posts.

Calculation of the number of TR posts

(37)

We accept 11 posts.

Number of maintenance and repair posts by type of work

Results of calculating the number of maintenance and repair work stations by type of work

Types of jobs	Annual volume of work	Number of working posts
		Estimated	Accepted
Diagnostic
Maintenance, lubricants

Electrical
By power system devices
Rechargeable
Tire fittings

Body and fittings
Painting

Mednitsky
Welding
Zhestyanitsky
Total

Wallpapering, coppersmithing, welding and tinsmithing work will be carried out in the bodywork area. Therefore, the total number of plots is taken to be - 16 .

Calculation of areas of zones and sections

(38)

where is the number of posts.

f a is the area occupied by the car in plan (12 m2).

K p - density coefficient (2).

Calculation of plot areas

Area of plots depending on the number of workers.

Plot areas


Diagnostic
Maintenance, lubricants
Adjusters for setting the angles of the steered wheels
Electrical
Rechargeable
By power system devices
Tire fittings
Repair of components, systems and assemblies
Painting
Body and fittings

Mednitsky
Welding
Zhestyanitsky
Total

2.6 Calculation of warehouse areas

(39)

where K PS (0.5) and K R (0.65) are coefficients that take into account the type of rolling stock and its number, respectively.

Warehouse area

Warehouses	f y
		Calculated	Accepted
Spare parts
Units
Materials

Lubricants
Paint and varnish materials
Chemicals
Tool storage room
Intermediate warehouse	15-20% of the amount
Total

Design of a diagnostic section for passenger cars. Development of a diagnostic section for passenger cars Characteristics of Autopartner LLC

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1. Research part

1.1 Analysis of the number and composition of the passenger vehicle fleet in Khanty-Mansiysk-Yugra and Khanty-Mansiysk

1.2 Organizational characteristics of the enterprise LLC "YUGRA-Avto"

1.3 Characteristics of the vehicle diagnostics area at the LLC Yugra-Auto enterprise

Equipment used on site:

Stand for measuring wheel alignment angles (alignment / camber) Gorghi Exact 7000 Mercedes Radio

Gorghi Exact 7000 Mercedes Radio stand

Computer stand for measuring vehicle wheel alignment angles (wheel alignment). Designed to check and adjust the alignment angles of all wheels.

Main characteristics:

- Angle measurement with infrared semiconductor sensors,

- Measurement accuracy 0.01 degrees,

- Database on hard drive,

- User data bank and work archive,

- Guide for making adjustments with animated pictures and illustrations,

- Color inkjet or laser printer,

- Keyboard,

- Free change of operations - switching from one operating mode to another,

- Various types of compensation for disc unevenness,

- Multiple compensation on one wheel,

- Automatic measurement of wheel angle directly by sensors,

- Presentation of data in degrees and minutes or hundredths of a degree, availability of metric and inch measurement systems,

- Graphical representation of the difference between the measured value and the database value,

- Car chassis diagnostics,

- Universal clamps for sensors for wheels 10"" - 19"" or 10"" - 26"",

- Remote control

Specifications:

Power supply

Central device 220V/50-60Hz

Power consumption of the central device 0.4 kW

Email radio sensor battery 7.2 V 3000mAh

Dimensions

Central device (without sensors and 17" monitor) 800x630x1710 mm

Central device (with sensors - clamps - 17" monitor) 1350x1320x1710 mm

Sensors 800x135x210 mm

Weight

Central device 130 kg

Sensors 30 kg

Electrical and electronic components 26 kg

Noise level<70dB

Contents of delivery

- Brake pedal lock,

- steering wheel lock,

- CD-ROM with software,

- User manual,

- Spare parts catalogue,

- Catalog of original accessories.

- double couplings made of bronze “B14” (working and safety);

- signaling of wear of the working coupling beyond the norm;

- automatic lubrication system for the working pair;

- sagging indicator and synchronizing chain damper;

- general power switch with locking against unauthorized access;

- factory tests are carried out for a load exceeding the nominal load by 50%.

Two-post lift OMCN 199/N

Load capacity 3.0 t

Engine power 3.3 kW

Power supply 380/50 V/Hz

Lift weight 890 kg

Four-post lift OMCN 402

Load capacity 3.5 t

Engine power 2.2 kW

Power supply 380/50 V/Hz

Lift weight 1400 kg

Four-post lift OMCN 401

Hoist OMCN 401

Load capacity 4.0 t

Engine power 3.0 kW

Power supply 380/50 V/Hz

Lift weight 1170 kg

2. Calculation and technological part

2.1 Potential market analysis

According to traffic police statistics, as of January 1, 2010, 20,430 l/a were registered in Khanty-Mansiysk. The permanent population as of January 1, 2010 in the city is 75.9 thousand people. That. At the moment, for every resident of Khanty-Mansiysk there is 0.27 l/a.

Let's forecast the number of cars regularly undergoing maintenance at service stations in 2015. This period will allow us to include both the construction of a new service station with the installation of equipment, and the station reaching full operating capacity.

Population of Khanty-Mansiysk

In the period under review, based on the statistics presented in Part 1 of the thesis, it can be assumed that the market share occupied by foreign-made vehicles will increase and amount to 50-55%, this will be facilitated by the following factors:

1. Reducing the number of domestic classic cars (VAZ-classic, Niva, Moskvich, Volga, etc.) This group of cars that have served their useful life will be sold to other regions or scrapped (the latter will be greatly facilitated by the state program for the recycling of old cars ).

2. High level of income per resident of the region (average salary in the district - 38.1 rubles)

The adjustment consists of selecting numerical values of the frequency of vehicle mileage (km) and mileage to the Kyrgyz Republic (km), multiples of each other and multiples of the average daily mileage. A deviation from the norm of 10% is allowed.