Which one is displayed on the odometer? Did you know that in fact, most cars' odometer readings are not entirely accurate, just like the current speed reading on the speedometer? Moreover, all these inaccuracies are deliberately introduced by automakers during the car production process. Why is this necessary and how much the odometer lies in many cars, we propose to find out in our today's topic.
Today, many motorists use navigation systems in their cars, which help us navigate unfamiliar terrain, create optimal routes and avoid traffic jams. . All modern navigation systems can determine vehicle speed. Have you noticed that the speed of your car according to the GPS/GLONASS navigator is almost always lower than that shown on the car’s speedometer?
Surely many of you think that this is an error in the navigation system. But in fact, satellite systems are much more accurate than the speedometer in a car. It is precisely because of the inaccuracy of speedometers in many cars that we see a difference in speed. But the difference in speed is also inaccurate since any satellite navigation systems also have acceptable errors. But the fact remains a fact. Almost all cars today are equipped. Moreover, this speed is always overestimated, and never underestimated.
That is, every automaker installs a speedometer that overestimates the speed readings. And this was done consciously, in accordance with various world standards. In our country, this standard is regulated by GOST R 41.39-99 (UNECE Rules No. 39).
According to this standard and technical requirements, actual speed cannot be underestimated. Also, according to GOST R 41.39-99, the speedometer cannot increase the speed by more than 6 km/h (or by more than 10%).
In practice and according to information from numerous auto forums on the Internet, we can say with confidence that most automakers equip cars with speedometers that They increase the speed on the speedometer by an average of 5-10%.
But can you tell me what the speedometer has to do with it? After all, today we are talking about the odometer. Yes, today we are discussing the topic of odometer error in a car. But the fact is that all odometers in modern cars are inextricably structurally linked with speedometer readings. Therefore, it is logical that if there is an upward error in the speedometer, then, of course, there is also an inaccuracy in the display of mileage on the odometer.
What does the mileage on the odometer turn out to be, for example, 100 thousand km. actually untruthful? Yes this is true. This is an inaccurate mileage, since it was calculated using a certain algorithm in the direction of overestimation due to the fact that manufacturers, as a rule, overestimate the speedometer and odometer readings by up to 10 percent.
As a result, it is quite possible that if you see that your car has traveled 100,000 km, then in reality the mileage is actually 95,000 - 98,000 km. It all depends on how much the speedometer exceeded the actual speed of the car during this mileage.
Why do speedometers and odometers inflate their readings?
Why are such technical requirements established for speedometers, which, in turn, affect the odometer readings? In fact, this is done for the purpose of road safety. For example, if the speedometer underestimated the speed indicators, then drivers would then believe that they were driving too slowly and would naturally, under certain conditions, increase their speed.
Also, underestimation of speed indicators would affect the number of people issued who monitor compliance with the speed limit. After all, you will agree that if the car’s speedometer showed its speed less than reality, then we would often receive fines for speeding. In this case, massive lawsuits against automakers from car owners would be guaranteed.
But this is not the only reason why automakers, on average, overestimate speedometer readings in the direction of increasing speed by 5-10%. Since the speedometer readings are directly related to the mileage on the odometer, it turns out that due to the speedometer error, the odometer incorrectly counts the car's mileage. As a result, depending depending on the operating conditions of the car (for example, on the average speed of the car) with a mileage of 100,000 km, the mileage error on the odometer can average 2000- 5000 km. Do you know what advantage this error on the odometer gives to the manufacturer? Of course, this actually reduces .
We all know that when buying a new car, any automaker gives, within 100,000 - 150,000 km of car mileage. As a result, in the event of an error in the speedometer and odometer, it actually turns out that the factory warranty ends before 100 thousand - 150 thousand. kilometers, since in reality the car traveled a little less.
Currently, most cars use an electronic odometer, which has replaced the classic mechanical odometer, which has been used for a long time in the global automotive industry. But despite the more accurate electronics, the principle of taking readings remains the same.
So, despite the electronic odometer, which displays the distance traveled on LCD displays, mileage readings are taken from a sensor that counts wheel revolutions.
Accordingly, the error in the odometer reading may not only depend on the natural errors of the device, but also directly depends on the condition of the tires and the serviceability of the vehicle’s chassis.
For example, if non-standard wheels and tires are installed on a car, the error in the odometer reading can either increase or decrease significantly. For example, on various auto forums there are many examples where car owners, by changing the standard wheels to a different size, not only reduced the error in the speedometer reading, but also reduced the error in the odometer reading.
What also affects the accuracy of the odometer readings
In fact, the accuracy of the mileage on the odometer depends on many factors. For example, even the height of the tire tread can affect the accuracy of the path traveled. The thing is that in modern cars, as we have already said, it is calculated by the number of wheel revolutions.
You understand that the height of the tire tread will determine the overall outer diameter of the wheel, which, naturally, will affect the number of wheel revolutions while driving on a certain section of the road. For example, the smaller the tire tread, the greater the number of full wheel revolutions will be recorded. And vice versa, the larger the tire tread, the lower the sensor will record the revolutions on a certain segment of the car’s path.
Odometer readings are also affected by tire pressure, as well as ambient temperature and even the duration of the journey. For example, if you are used to rarely checking the pressure in your wheels, and often drive on wheels that do not have enough pressure, then this leads to the fact that the wheels are heavily dented, which helps to reduce the outer diameter of the wheels.
As a result, the sensor that determines the number of full wheel revolutions when the tires are flat will count more wheel revolutions than at the normal pressure recommended by the automaker.
Even as we move, the pressure in the tires constantly changes. For example, due to changes in temperature outside. Also, during a long trip, the wheels heat up, which contributes to a change in tire pressure. As a result, all this greatly affects the odometer error.
How to check the speedometer and odometer errors in your car
There are many ways to calculate the speedometer and odometer errors in your car. However, again since these instruments are not accurate according to various technical standards, you cannot accurately calculate the error. But nevertheless, you can find out the average results. So how can we calculate how much the speedometer and odometer of your car are lying?
First, compare the speedometer readings with the navigation system readings. Remember this value. Then do the following:
Accelerate, for example, on the highway to 70 km/h and turn on, resetting the current fuel consumption and average speed data on the on-board computer. Next, after driving a little at the same speed on a cruise, look at the average speed on the computer, which is usually used to calculate the average fuel consumption in all cars for the last time.
There you will see far from 70 km/h, but a more truthful result, although also inaccurate. Although in most cases, as a result of such an experiment, you will see approximately the same speed as you saw when measuring speed using.
Now it's time to check how wrong your car's odometer is. There are several ways to accurately check the distance traveled. For example, a navigation system that can more accurately measure distances from point A to point B can also help you measure mileage on a certain route.
Therefore, before setting off, plot the route on your navigator. Next, note the mileage on the odometer and hit the road. At the end of the journey you will see the difference. Please note that in order to more accurately calculate the odometer error you need to drive as much as possible, since at short distances the error will be barely noticeable.
It is also advisable that your route be laid along a free highway, where you can accelerate to at least 100 km/h. The fact is that at lower speeds the error in both the odometer and speedometer will be small.
The second way to measure the distance traveled for comparison with the odometer reading is to drive along a highway with kilometer posts installed on it, which indicate a certain distance from any settlement from which the countdown is being made.
Your task is to choose a long route on such a highway with kilometer posts and drive along a certain section, checking the distance traveled with your odometer.
This will give you the approximate error of the odometer reading in your car.
If you want to puzzle a car enthusiast, ask him what an odometer is or where it is located in the car. Despite the fact that people resort to his help regularly, not everyone knows what he looks like. This is an important device that is found in every vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine.
Judging by the name, you can already determine that this is a measuring device, like a tachometer or digital speedometer. The odometer measures the number of kilometers traveled.
Purpose
The purpose of the odometer device is to transmit readings about the mileage of the car. Thanks to such information, the driver can easily determine the actual distance from the point of departure to the destination. Such readings will help not only determine fuel consumption under various conditions, but also promptly replace necessary parts and components.
Among other things, the odometer can be useful with its readings when purchasing a used car. When inspecting such a car, there is a reasonable desire to find out how it was used. The odometer will help you find out how many kilometers have been driven on this car.
Since the difference in price directly depends on the mileage of the car, many sellers are tempted to hide the truth in this matter. Not wanting to present real meter readings, such people twist the mileage, falsifying the facts with altered readings. In view of this, the question arises: how to determine whether the mileage readings have been adjusted or not? What should you pay special attention to when clarifying this issue?
Principle of operation
There are three types of odometer: mechanical, electronic and, in transition, semi-electronic.
The odometer calculates using a special sensor, which is located directly in the variable gearbox. Incoming pulses are fed to the counter, which provides readings. Let's look at the operating principle of each type.
Mechanical
This type of measuring instrument is constructed entirely of mechanical parts. The gearbox contains its measuring part - the gear. Rotating, it sets in motion a flexible cable connected to it. The cable, in turn, transmits rotation to the counter, which provides readings about the work done on the odometer.
Semi-electronic
As the name implies, the device consists of half mechanical components and half electronic ones. From mechanics, there is a measuring part of the assembly - a gear and a cable. In the meter itself, the incoming information is converted: cable revolutions are converted into electrical impulses and the data is displayed on the reading panel.
Electronic
Digital technologies are an integral part of a modern car. Therefore, the odometer in such a car should also be digital. This type of meters does not use mechanics at all.
His entire device is based solely on sensors that transmit electrical impulses for processing, after which you can see the result.
Substitution of evidence
In a mechanical odometer, changing the readings is not difficult, so even an inexperienced mechanic can perform this procedure. This is done as follows: the cable transmitting readings to the meter is disconnected from the gear in the area of the gearbox. Then it is rotated in the opposite direction. For these purposes, it is usually fixed in the chuck of an electric drill. After the operation is completed, the cable is attached back to the gear and the odometer is assembled.
It is quite easy to notice whether something like this has been done on a car. To do this, you will need to drive the car to the inspection hole. There we carefully examine the junction of the cable and the gear at the gearbox. The difference will be obvious. If all the elements of the odometer are dirty or dusty, and the junction of the cable and the gear is relatively clean, then it is clear that there was some fraud.
With a semi-electronic device the situation is much simpler. For this purpose, remove the instrument panel and open the housing of the meter itself. Next, the gears of the reading mechanism are disconnected and the required value is set in a short period of time.
Identifying such interference will also not be difficult. When inspecting, you should pay close attention to the joints of the housing. During opening, damage to these elements cannot be avoided. And at the places of screw connections, such interference will be clearly noticeable.
As for electronic meters, there are also areas vulnerable to fraud. The indications on them can also be changed. But this procedure is not easy and requires not only certain knowledge, but also special equipment with software. In certain cases, you will still have to tinker with disconnecting the boards in the devices, or do additional soldering.
It is almost impossible to detect flashing of an electronic odometer. The only exceptions are cases when the instrument panel was disassembled. But don’t be upset, because odometer readings are not the only criterion by which you can determine the degree of wear and tear of a car. By carefully examining the condition of the elements of the components or body in the car, you can discover interesting details of the condition of the vehicle.
Not really
A used car carries with it many years of operating history. There are a lot of secrets in the life of a car that the previous owner is in no hurry to talk about. The experienced eye of a car repairman immediately sees the deception. Devices allow you to measure certain characteristics. It is quite difficult to measure the mileage of a car if it has been twisted. According to some general signs, dishonest sellers cannot hide the real mileage. You can check the actual mileage of your car using practical notes from car repair specialists.
Determining the true kilometers of a used car
The car's mileage is calculated on the instrument panel. Drivers are accustomed to determining the number of kilometers or miles using the odometer. An odometer is a device that converts the rotation of a wheel into a reading on a scale. Devices are divided according to the sensor design:
- Mechanical. They were used in the initial versions of the car and have a drum indicator.
- Electronic. Pulses are read from the sensor and supplied to the electronic control unit. There it is transformed into a form convenient for perception. The screen displays miles, kilometers, meters.
- Electromechanical. They are a design with a mechanical and electronic sensor. The electronic converts the mechanical readings and transmits the signal to the display installed on the driver’s panel.
When buying a used car, the mileage on the panel does not always correspond to the real one. The reasons are:
- malfunction of the measuring system;
- lack of device;
- fraud (rewinding odometer readings).
In such situations, the question arises: “How to determine the real mileage of a car?” Below are indirect signs that determine the age and mileage of a car.
Vehicle mileage can be adjusted in the following ways:
- They are twisted with a cable using an electric motor. A method that does not require deep knowledge of the car. It is enough to unhook the cable from the gearbox.
- Using the program, the odometer chip is reflashed. This type of work requires high qualifications and knowledge of electronics.
- Barbarian method. By disassembling the panel, set the required combination on the reel with numbers. How to find out the real mileage of the car in this case - traces of tampering remain on the dashboard seals, so you can determine that the counter has been wound up.
In some countries, rolling back the odometer is not illegal. For a few dollars, the adjustment service will be provided at a used car dealership. In modern machine models, manufacturers provide data storage in different places. There was no attempt to protect mileage data on used cars. The manufacturer did not announce how to check the actual mileage of the car.
In early model used cars with an electronic mileage system, the adjustment is made by connecting a laptop to the panel connectors. The information is deleted programmatically and traces of the odometer being rolled back cannot be detected. In later versions of machines there is protection:
- electronic;
- software;
- physical (several data storage points).
Indirect signs of counter winding
By some signs of obsolescence of interior materials, you can recognize the fact that the counting device has been wound. Such facts include appearance, obsolescence of materials, wear and tear of mechanisms and machine components. They try to draw conclusions about winding after weighing all the signs together. Let's look at how to check a car's mileage using indirect evidence.
Owned the car for several years natural wear and tear cannot be avoided main elements of the interior:
- Worn door handles and panel buttons. The driver is the main user of transport. During the day, the handles experience impact when exiting and landing. Wear of such elements is inevitable.
- Worn gear lever and worn brake and accelerator pedals.
- Stiff rubber bands on the windows and a dented driver or passenger seat. In a used car It is not cost-effective to change all the accessories before sale.
- Under the driver's mat, over time, there is a decent trace of abrasion of the upholstery in the place of the foot under the gas pedal. If the upholstery is worn in this place, we can say with confidence that the car’s mileage is more than 30 thousand kilometers.
- The plastic under the steering column is worn out with a mileage of 50 thousand or more. This rule applies to domestic cars.
- Upholstery and floor. Replacing upholstery is expensive and time consuming. The absence of abrasions and heavy wear indicate that the odometer has been rolled back.
The condition of the body and its elements allows you to visually recognize the fact that the odometer has been rolled up. The erased paint on the door handles indicates a decent amount of experience. On the hood, after several years of use, chips and scratches remain on the paintwork. Such wear is inevitable and from its absence we can conclude that the car is in good condition with low mileage.
This sign works if the body has no traces of fresh paint. Traces of paint are identified by sagging in the area of the door hinges, hood and trunk. After painting, the interior metal painted elements differ in color from the body.
Traces of decent corrosion on the sills and fenders indicate prolonged exposure to moisture to metal. You should take into account the presence of rust on the bottom of the car. If it is present, then hidden cavities of rotted metal are possible. You should refuse such a purchase.
Over the years, paint wear remains at the point where the sealing elements come into contact. A decent mileage is indicated by paint chips in the hinge area. The fastening of the trunk and hood lock is worn. The metal part of the lock tongue has grooves that form when driving on uneven roads.
The door locks have mechanical scuffs up to a millimeter deep and the paint is completely worn off. Imported car models do not have such latches; instead, hinges with a built-in door position locking mechanism are used.
The condition of car windows deteriorates over time. The driver changes the windshield often. The condition of the side windows, mirrors and rear windows should be taken into account during inspection. Headlight glasses have the heaviest wear from dirt flying from under the wheels of a passing car.
The bumper is the main element that takes on the main loads from flying stones and sand. The appearance and condition of the paint on it indicate long-term neglect of the car.
Attention should be paid to the marking of body elements and parts. The marking code contains the year of manufacture of the part. Markings are present on body elements:
- glass;
- headlights;
- moldings;
- seats.
If, according to the seller, the built-in stereo system is original, then you should look at the marking on it with the year of manufacture.
Let's look at how to determine mileage based on component units. The seller does not have the opportunity to replace all worn-out items, this will lead to extra expenses and he will not receive any profit from the sale. The main parts that catch the eye are replaced.
The timing belt is changed after service every hundred thousand kilometers. If the odometer reading is lower, remove the valve block cover. A worn belt shows actual mileage. If there is a new timing belt, then you should think about the veracity of the seller’s words.
Engine diagnostics require the participation of service personnel and instruments. Compression measurements are below normal by 1-1.5 kg/cm3, the presence of oil in the exhaust indicates a mileage of 50 thousand kilometers or more. In modern cars the engine has a built-in control unit as a separate element. In it, manufacturers store information about the total mileage of the car.
You can view this data if you have a special device or service personnel. Do not disdain a full diagnosis at a service center. The price of the car is significantly higher than the cost of inspection.
Deviations in the operation of the gearbox indicate a mileage exceeding 70 thousand kilometers. A mechanical gearbox is characterized by asymmetrical operation of compensators. The machine has an unclear switching of steps.
Inspecting the shock absorber boots and struts allows you to assess the previous driver’s attitude towards the car. The engine compartment will tell you about the life of the car. The exhaust pipe rusts after a hundred thousand kilometers. The collector acquires a reddish coating after 25 thousand.
If the front part of the radiator is dirty and deformed and the rubber tubes are stiff, then the car has run over 50 thousand. Rust on the radiator indicates that the vehicle has been in use for more than 200 thousand kilometers.
The VIN number will help you check the release date. A theft check and a deposit will not be superfluous. If the car was serviced at a service center, consult about the technical condition and timing of maintenance. Over ten years of ownership and operation, even if the car was parked in a garage, the rubber bands and gaskets of the car wear out. With low mileage, such cars have disadvantages. The reliability of the components is comparable to the reliability of a five-year-old car with a hundred thousand mileage.
When choosing a used car, you have to take into account all the signs of obsolescence of materials. And if more than half of the defects have accumulated, then the car’s mileage has exceeded one hundred thousand and the odometer is twisted. Car owners differ in their attitude towards service. There are rare examples on the secondary market that are in the condition of a new car. Such goods are snapped up instantly. And if you come across such a car, then you can consider it a great success. Don't make mistakes preliminary diagnostics of components and parts will help using modern means.
Measuring the distance traveled is the main purpose of the device, which is found in every vehicle. This device is called an odometer. With the help of a distance meter, a car enthusiast can always check the total or daily mileage of his car.
A trip meter is an indispensable thing for a car owner.
After all, the distance meter helps determine when it is necessary to replace car consumables (for example, filters, brake pads, spark plugs, etc.), or operating fluids (motor oil, brake fluid, etc.).
Measuring distance. Car odometer: what is it, design, types
Odometer is a counter that measures wheel revolutions. All modern cars have distance indicators. It is the distance meter that converts the distance traveled into readings. By default, the distance meter includes a wheel rotation sensor and a counter with indication on the display.
The indicator is the part of the measuring system visible to the car owner. The type of indicator depends on the type of counter. If the device is mechanical or electromechanical, then the mileage is displayed in ordinary numbers, which rotate using gears and cables. In the case of electronic meters, backlit displays are used.
Odometer correction. Twisting vehicle mileage
Car enthusiasts often have to resort to the procedure for correcting the car odometer. What it is?
Counter correction is a change in its indicators in the event of any malfunction. There are many reasons for adjustments. Let's list the most common ones:
- - replacement of a failed internal combustion engine. Installing a new “heart” of a vehicle requires resetting the distance meter;
- - when undergoing maintenance before the established deadlines;
- - when installing wheels with a diameter other than the standard one;
- - sales of vehicles. Here the odometer readings are reduced to attract buyers.
It is necessary to distinguish between adjusting the distance counter and “twisting” its indicators. Adjustment is a forced measure carried out during repair work. And the twisting of mileage, which is done before the sale, is a deception of buyers.
If incorrect indicators of the trip meter are identified, the seller may significantly lose money on the price.
How to determine twisted counter readings
There is a counter to everything. And the twisting of real mileage too. To determine whether indicators are real, you need to know how they change.
Mechanical trip meters are quite easy to adjust. The speedometer cable is rewound using a conventional drill. Before this, the cable is disconnected from the gearbox. In the end everything comes back together. The check is as follows: the fastening of the distance counter drive is clean - everything is fine, dirty - the nut was recently unscrewed.
Electromechanical distance meters are adjusted as follows: the instrument panel is removed, the meter housing is opened and the readings are reset. How to detect: the integrity of the casing connections is compromised, marks remain on the fasteners.
Electronic trip meters are also twisted. To change the indicators, electronic equipment and special software are used. In this case, you need to disassemble the instrument panel, and then disconnect the printed circuit boards and so on. Such manipulations are hard not to see.
Car odometer - what is it? Now every novice car enthusiast has found the answer.
Car owners should always monitor the serviceability of the distance meter. With good mileage, a car enthusiast always knows when to change the oil or any consumables. Indicators of the distance traveled help to calculate vehicle consumption (in the absence of an on-board computer).
“Twisting” of mileage is a fairly common occurrence. Don’t be too lazy to take the car you are interested in to a car service center with friends, then no reduced indicators will be able to mislead you.
The dashboard of a modern car, of course, cannot be compared with the dashboard of an airplane, however, it can confuse an inexperienced driver. The speedometer, tachometer, odometer and other instruments and indicators, while certainly necessary and important, still require an explanation of their functions and their purpose. In this article we will talk about what a car odometer is, what they are, and also say a few words about how and why the readings of these devices are distorted.
Electronic odometer on the dashboard. Below is the total mileage, at the top is the daily mileage, on the right is a button to reset the daily mileage.
If the speedometer measures the speed at which the car is currently moving, then the odometer shows the number of kilometers the car has traveled. Translated from Greek, odo means road, and meter means to measure. So in the end we get a kind of “road meter”.
The odometer counts the kilometers traveled by counting the number of wheel rotations. Typically this device has two types of readings. The total mileage of the car, here we count every kilometer traveled by the car from the moment it left the assembly line, as well as the so-called daily mileage. It is called a daily allowance rather arbitrarily. In essence, you press a button, reset the readings of this scale, after which you can see the mileage of any segment of the route that you have covered over a period of time. Well, this figure is usually called the daily rate by taxi drivers, which is where the name comes from.
How does an odometer work on a car?
What does a mechanical odometer look like on the dashboard?
There are only three types of odometers:
- mechanical;
- electronic-mechanical;
- electronic;
Mechanical odometers are more than simple. There is a cable that connects to the output shaft of the gearbox, there is a mechanical counter with several, usually five, drums, to which the rotation of the cable is transmitted through a special mechanism. The reels are marked with numbers from which the odometer readings are compiled.
In electronic-mechanical odometers, the rotation of the cable is recorded using an electronic counter. Well, in purely electronic odometers there is no cable at all. Instead, Hall sensors or other electronic components are used to calculate the distance. Moreover, in the case of an electronic odometer, the readings are recorded by the on-board computer of the car. Such systems are considered the most accurate and reliable, but even they allow a measurement error of as much as five percent.
What does an electronic odometer look like on the dashboard?
The reasons for the distortion of odometer readings may be different. For example, this is wheels slipping when they rotate, but the car stands still. And although such moments make up a tiny part of the overall performance of the car, with high mileage values, they can contribute to distortion of the odometer readings.
Another reason for inaccuracies in the readings of such devices is tires with a radius different from that for which the odometer is designed.
Well, perhaps the most important reason for distortions in car mileage indicators may be, we’ll talk about them.
Video on checking odometer readings
Why and how to rewind odometers
The reasons for conscious corrections of the odometer readings may be:
- desire to reduce the actual mileage of the car;
- attempts to hide improper use of the machine;
- elimination of some difficulties with documenting the official vehicle fleet;
As we can see, the reasons are mostly not very correct and decent. If you reduce the actual mileage figure, the car can be sold at a higher price. If you roll back the odometer to certain values, you can hide the fact that the car has been driven, and sometimes driven a lot, when it should be sitting quietly in the garage.
However, today equipment is officially being produced that allows you to adjust the indicators even for electronic odometers, which without special skills and knowledge is a very difficult task. Moreover, in a number of European countries, such manipulations are punishable by a prison sentence, which is quite significant for such tricks.
The easiest way, from a technical point of view, is to rewind the mechanical odometer. The cable is removed from the shaft, attached to a drill or other similar power tool, after which it rotates for some time in the desired direction. But not all even mechanical odometers allow you to rewind yourself so easily. Then you have to remove the counter itself and perform more complex manipulations with it.
As for electronic odometers, of which the majority are today, they are rewound using special devices and software that enter the changed data into the memory of the car’s on-board computer. In some cases, it is necessary to reprogram one or more on-board controllers, because the readings of the magnetic wheel speed sensors are transmitted not only to the odometer.
It should be noted that altered odometer readings not only mislead either the potential buyer or the person monitoring the use of the car, they can be an obstacle to the timely completion of the car, maintenance, or even the correct diagnosis of certain problems. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, such corrections are essentially fraud.
