Ignition system. Ignition system Operating principle of SZ

Although progress has stepped far forward, there are still many adherents of the classic VAZ models. Such cars include the old kopeck, which has long been discontinued, and the more modern, but also no longer produced, models 2104 -. In this article we will talk about how contact ignition changes to contactless (electronic) and whether there is really any benefit from such a replacement.

Why is replacement needed?

On the Internet in various automotive forums, owners conduct multi-page debates about the benefits contactless ignition. And these advantages are really enough. After installing contactless ignition, operation becomes smooth and soft. There are no dips when the car accelerates sharply. Starting is significantly easier, especially in cold weather. And of course, noticeable fuel savings.

The device and principle of operation of contactless ignition.

Essentially, the device contactless ignition not much different from the system contact ignition. The only differences are the absence of a distributor and the presence of a pulse sensor with a transistor switch unit.

Installation of a contactless ignition system on a VAZ

First you need to purchase a kit contactless ignition For . We strongly recommend purchasing contactless ignition from trusted retail outlets. It is worth paying attention that the kit must correspond to the characteristics of the engine of your car, and the length of the distributor shaft should not differ from the length of the shaft that is currently installed on the unit.

The contactless ignition kit should include:

1. distributor
2. coil
3. switching unit
4. connecting wires
5. set of high voltage wires
6. four spark plugs marked DVRM

To replace contactless ignition system passed successfully, you need to follow the correct sequence of work. First you need to remove the negative one. Then we disconnect the wires from the ignition coil and the central high-voltage wire, after which we remove the distributor cover. Now we set the slider to the position as shown in the figure so as not to change the ignition settings. You also need to make a mark on the block in order to correctly align the new contactless ignition distributor. Please note that we place the mark in the middle of the five slots on the bottom of the distributor body. Now you can unscrew the nut and remove the old distributor contact ignition system.

Before installing contactless ignition, open the cover of the new distributor and place the slider in the same position as on the old one, perpendicular to the engine. And only then we insert it into the holes of the cylinder block. Then we align the mark that we made previously and tighten the body with a nut.

Then we assemble: put on the cover, connect the high-voltage wires.

Then we disconnect and remove the old ignition coil and put a new one in its place. We connect the other end of the central high-voltage wire to it, but now we won’t need the brown wire that went from the coil to the distributor and can safely put it aside.

We connect all the high-voltage wires in their places. We connect two brown wires to the new ignition coil to contact “K”, and two blue ones to contact “B”.

Now we decide on a place for the switch (possibly in the area of ​​the washer reservoir) and secure it using self-tapping screws. We connect the connector and twist all the wires with electrical tape.

After the completed operations, start the engine and, if necessary, adjust the operation of the contactless ignition.

Installing a contactless ignition system based on a Hall sensor allows you to obtain a number of advantages that a contactless ignition system has over a classic (contact) ignition system. This replacement is relevant for early Volga models with the ZMZ 402 engine installed.

Advantages of a contactless system:

The runout and vibration of the slider in the distributor sensor have virtually no effect on the uniformity of spark distribution across the engine cylinders;
The absence of movable breaker contacts in the distribution sensor significantly increases reliability and simplifies the maintenance of the sensor (there is no need to periodically clean the breaker contacts and adjust the gap between them);
Providing the system with increased discharge energy significantly improves the reliability of ignition of the combustible mixture in the engine cylinders, which is especially important in vehicle acceleration modes, when conditions for ignition of the mixture are unfavorable due to temporary depletion of the mixture;
ensuring reliable engine starting at low temperatures, which significantly reduce the voltage in the vehicle’s on-board network (BSZ practically does not cause a change in spark formation parameters even when the voltage drops to 6 V).
The energy of the spark discharge when using BSZ at medium crankshaft rotation speeds is 3...4 times higher than with a classical ignition system, therefore, even significant deposits of carbon deposits on the spark plugs do not significantly impair spark formation in the engine cylinders.
The switch circuit protects the ignition coil from overload, increasing the reliability and service life of the entire system. After stopping the engine, the primary winding of the ignition coil is forcibly turned off, which ensures the safety of the coil when the car is parked for a long time with the ignition on and the engine not running.
Due to the fact that there is no contact group in the distribution sensor, clear and uninterrupted sparking is ensured at high engine speeds, which is not the case in the KSZ.

In a contactless ignition system, instead of a contact ignition distributor, a distributor sensor or hall sensor is installed. A distributor 54.3706-05 is installed on the ZMZ engine. In the distribution sensor, instead of breaker contacts, a magnetically sensitive semiconductor element is used - an electronic microswitch (Hall sensor), the operation of which is based on the physical Hall effect. To take into account the influence of engine operating modes (crankshaft rotation speed and load) on the ignition timing angle, the design of the sensor-distributor includes centrifugal mechanical and vacuum automatic regulators, similar to similar machines of classical ignition systems.
The distribution of high-voltage pulses across the engine cylinders in the distribution sensor is carried out using a rotating slider.
Switching of the primary winding of the ignition coil in the BSZ is carried out by an electronic switch that converts control pulses from the ignition distributor sensor into current pulses in the primary winding of the ignition coil. To increase the sparking energy, the primary winding is made with a low active resistance (0.45 Ohm), due to which the maximum current in the primary winding of the ignition coil before the spark discharge reaches a large value (up to 10 A, instead of 3...5 A for classical coils). ignition systems). Therefore, BSZ coils are not interchangeable with coils of a contact ignition system. Their use in a classic ignition system will lead to immediate burnout of the breaker contacts.

To install BSZ on a ZMZ engine, the following components are required:

1. Sensor - ignition distributor (distributor) - 54.3706-05
2. Ignition coil from VAZ 2108 - 27.3705
3. Ignition switch from VAZ 2108 - 95.3734 (36.3734)
4. Connecting wire harness.
5. High-quality high-voltage wires (optional, but desirable)
6. 2 screws.
7. Distributor gasket.

Installing the BSZ on a car is not difficult and it takes no more than an hour and a half to install. First, carefully dismantle the old ignition system. After unscrewing the nut securing the distributor, disconnecting the low-voltage and high-voltage wires, disconnecting the tube of the UOZ vacuum corrector, remove the distributor. We remove the rubber sealing ring from the old distributor; it will be needed for installation on the new distributor (there is no sealing ring included with the new distributor).
Disconnect the high-voltage wire and the low-voltage wires from the ignition coil. The wires going to contact “K” (except for the wire going to the distributor) and to contact “B” on the ignition coil are subsequently connected to a new coil (if you have a non-variable system, then the coil does not need to be changed). The wire connected to the VC contact is insulated and is no longer used. We remove the ignition coil and put it in storage together with the distributor.
We begin the ignition installation by installing a new distributor. Having put a rubber sealing ring on it, we install it in place of the old one, having previously oriented the distributor drive with its mating part. It will not be possible to install the distributor incorrectly (unless you try too hard), since the groove into which the mate of the distributor is inserted is offset from the center. Having installed the distributor, we connect the vacuum corrector tube and high-voltage wires.
We find a place to install the switch (I installed it on the right mudguard near the GTZ). It is advisable that the installation location be as far as possible from heating parts and splashes entering the engine compartment when the car is moving. We mark the mounting points, drill them and attach the switch to two self-tapping screws. Then we fix the new ignition coil in place of the old one.

Ultimately we get a picture like this.

All that remains is to separate the wiring harness. There are several nuances here that I would like to pay special attention to. In the wiring harness that I purchased, the contacts were poorly crimped and therefore I had to re-crimp them, and later, for greater reliability, solder them (you can buy wiring from a VAZ 2107 in the store). All connectors must be tightly inserted and latched. It is important not to mix up the wires when connecting to the ignition coil. The wiring harness should be connected according to the diagram:

After installing the BSZ kit, you need to set the ignition timing. If all ignition components are in working order and the installation was carried out without errors, the engine starts immediately.

Some people believe that the ignition system has no effect on the car's power. But is this really so? Obviously, if the ignition does not match the needs of the car, it will lose performance and reliability. Good technical condition of all parts and assemblies, as well as timely spark supply, is the key to ensuring that the car will reveal its full potential on the road.

Upgraded ignition systems help increase voltage because they provide a wider gap between the spark plug electrodes. There are systems that use spark plugs that produce two or more sparks to ignite the working mixture more efficiently, especially at low engine speeds.


Ignition adjustment
Most modern cars are equipped with an electronic unit; it controls, among other things, the ignition system. Earlier models do not have an on-board computer; therefore, they must have a kit installed that distributes and supplies a spark.

Ignition adjustment is very important. The fuel-air mixture must ignite, and for this you need a spark plug that produces a spark at the right moment. Normally, this occurs immediately after the piston reaches TDC (top dead center). Of course, depending on the engine speed (up/down), this will happen at different times. There are other factors that affect spark timing, such as air temperature, engine load and throttle position.

Advancing the ignition will increase the car's power, but may cause the engine to knock and eventually break down.

An optimally set ignition eliminates engine detonation, reduces exhaust gas temperature and provides maximum torque.

Ignition coil
The coil generates and transmits a high voltage current to produce a spark sufficient to bridge the gap between the electrodes on the spark plug. Modified coils transmit current better than standard ones and are therefore suitable for spark plugs with a large gap between the electrodes. Most standard ignition coils experience a loss of high voltage at high engine speeds.


Distributor
The distributor is equipped with a shaft that is driven by the camshaft or crankshaft. There is a rotor inside the distributor. Its purpose is to distribute the spark supplied from the ignition coil to the spark plugs. On top there is a distribution cover that connects the distributor body and spark plugs via high voltage wires.

Inductive accumulator for contact ignition system. It uses a contact breaker that creates a high voltage when opened. It is distributed to the corresponding spark plugs via a rotor in the distributor. This type of accumulator is not bad for standard cars, although for higher performance engines it is not entirely suitable due to the fact that it does not fully saturate the coil.


Inductive accumulator for contactless ignition system. It uses a non-contact sensor that generates voltage pulses and transmits them to a transistor switch. When the flux is disrupted in the take-up coil, high voltage is created. Non-contact systems can create more sparks per minute than simple ones. Therefore, they are better suited for cars with high engine performance.

Capacitor ignition system
The energy is stored in the capacitor rather than in the ignition coil, although it is still used to transmit impulses. The distributor charges the capacitor, which in turn transmits current to the coil before the current begins to be distributed to the spark plugs. This allows for more sparks per minute compared to a contact ignition system. In fact, a capacitor system can produce multiple sparks even at low engine speeds. It is installed on high-end cars.


Ignition system without distributor
Installed on many modern cars. It does not have a distributor, therefore, there is no additional weight and parts that could fail. The signal comes from the crankshaft pulley or from the flywheel, this is how the ignition timing is determined. The systems are good for high performance vehicles.


High voltage wires
The wires cannot affect the engine power. However, damaged wires, wires that do not match the existing ignition system, or wires with incorrect resistance will prevent proper spark transmission. As a result, the vehicle's performance will decrease and misfires will occur. Improved wires are more resistant to high temperatures.

Candle
The spark plug is the easiest thing to change. But that's how it was before. On modern cars, replacing a spark plug is a difficult and time-consuming process, since the spark plugs are often located in hard-to-reach places, for example, under a large intake manifold, etc. But good ignition is impossible without good spark plugs. Even a slight increase in the gap between the spark plug electrodes can produce a larger spark, which means that a conventional engine will require more air and fuel to react in the cylinders. On engines with a mechanical supercharger or turbocharging, high pressure is created in the cylinders, and, consequently, greater resistance. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the selected spark plugs correspond to the parameters of the car, and also remember that spark plugs with an increased gap between the electrodes require more voltage. Regarding the gap between the electrodes, we can say that there is no fixed or optimal option. Also, do not give preference only to cold spark plugs. Of course, temperature is also important, but cold spark plugs are installed exclusively on high-performance vehicles. Although it all depends on the characteristics of the engine itself. According to the latest data, iridium spark plugs are very good spark plugs.


Advice
On standard cars it is not at all necessary to update or improve the ignition system. If the engine or other components have been tuned, you can replace the spark plugs and wires with improved ones. For sports cars, it is recommended to replace the standard ignition system with a modified one.

Most owners of “classics” from AvtoVAZ, faced with the contact ignition system that was equipped with cars produced in the last century, try to change it to an electronic one. Such modification of the machine can easily be carried out independently. This is what this article is about.

What is electronic ignition

The term "electronic ignition" means the same as "contactless ignition". The BSZ unit is assembled from electronic (semiconductor) components, which is reflected in the name of the system. “Contactless” ignition is called because the closing and opening of the low-voltage circuit is carried out by an electronic switch by locking and unlocking the transistor, and not by the distributor contact.

The electronic ignition system of the VAZ 2107 for the carburetor and injection versions is different. Perhaps this is the reason for the erroneous opinion that electronic and contactless ignition are different systems.

Advantages of contactless ignition of VAZ 2107

• There is no need for maintenance of the contact group (cleaning, gap adjustment).
• Increased reliability due to the absence of a contact group subject to wear.
• Stable, uniform spark distribution across the cylinders, regardless of engine operating mode and conditions.
• Increasing the life of the distributor by eliminating vibration and runout of the axis when the cams act on the contacts.
• Save fuel, increase power and reduce harmful emissions due to more complete combustion of fuel in the cylinders.
• Reliable engine starting at low temperatures due to stable spark plug voltage at low battery voltage and at low speeds.

What is included in the electronic (contactless) ignition kit for VAZ 2107

The contactless ignition system for VAZ includes:

• distributor;
• ignition coil;
• switch;
• set of wires

What is needed to install electronic (non-contact) ignition

In addition to the BSZ kit you will need:

• keys for 8, 10, 13;
• self-tapping screws;
• Phillips screwdriver;
• drill;
• drill.

How to install electronic (contactless) ignition

To avoid a short circuit during the installation of electronic ignition, it is necessary to disconnect the ground wire from the battery.

The sequence of installation of electronic ignition components is not particularly important. We can advise you to start by replacing the distributor:

Then the coil should be replaced. The operation is simple, but you need to take into account the position of contacts “B” and “K”. If it is different on the new coil, you need to rotate it relative to the fasteners so that the contacts are positioned similarly to the old one.

The last thing to install is the switch. It is better to place it between the headlight and the washer reservoir. You can secure the switch using self-tapping screws, under one of which you can bring out the “zero” wire. The radiator of the device must be leaning against the body.

After installing the kit, you must carefully check the quality of the electrical connections and compliance of the connections with the circuit diagram.

After completing the installation of the ignition units, you can connect the ground wire to the battery and start the engine.

How to adjust the electronic (contactless) ignition of a VAZ 2107

It is best to use special equipment for this. If it is not available, you can adjust the ignition “by ear”. Before adjusting the ignition, you must ensure that the carburetor and accelerator pump are operating correctly. The adjustment procedure is as follows:

• warm up the engine;
• loosen the nut securing the distributor;
• slowly turn the distributor (distributor) back and forth with the engine running until the speed becomes even and at the highest level;
• tighten the fastening nut;
• Accelerate the car to 50 km/h in third gear and, engaging fourth, sharply press on the gas. There should be a detonation sound that continues until the car increases speed by another 3-5 km/h. If the sound is heard longer, the distributor must be released, turned 1 degree clockwise and tightened again. If, when you press the gas, the speed “fails” or the sound of detonation does not occur at all, the distributor must be turned counterclockwise.

Adjusting the ignition without special instruments requires skill and experience. If you doubt your abilities, it is better to contact a service station that has the necessary equipment.

• To ensure normal ignition operation, high-quality spark plugs should be installed. This is especially important when the car is running on gas.
• Poor quality wires often cause ignition malfunctions. It is better to use wires with silicone insulation, which has better dielectric characteristics and is more durable.
• Poor fixation of the wire block often causes failure of the switch. To avoid this, it is necessary to check the quality of the connector fit.
• On VAZ models older than 1994, when installing electronic ignition, the tachometer stops working. You can fix the problem by installing a 1.2 kOhm resistor or a capacitor in the circuit between the coil and the tachometer.

The only drawback of electronic ignition on a VAZ is its complete inoperability if the hall sensor breaks down. This is not a very common, but quite possible event. To completely protect yourself from this problem, you should buy a spare sensor and carry it with you.

Any car is possible due to the ignition of the combustible mixture in the cylinders of the power unit. To ensure normal operation of the motor, correct setting (SZ) is necessary. In addition, all elements, including the coil, distributor of the UAZ vehicle and other components must always be in working order.

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Description of SZ on UAZ

How is the ignition circuit installed, configured and adjusted on the AUZ 417 or any other? We will talk about this below. But first, let's understand the principle of operation of the node, as well as the types of SZ.

Operating principle of SZ

SZ diagram and designation of its elements for old UAZ engines

As already said, the ignition on an UAZ performs one of the main functions when starting the power unit. Thanks to this system, the procedure for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders of the power unit is carried out by supplying a spark. The spark is directly supplied to the spark plug; one spark plug is installed on each cylinder. All of these safety devices operate in sequence mode, igniting the combustible mixture in the required period of time. It is also necessary to take into account that the ignition system on cars not only provides a spark, but also determines its strength.

The vehicle battery is not able to produce the voltage and current required to ignite the mixture, since this device only produces a certain amount of current. The help comes from the ignition system, the purpose of which is to increase the power of the car’s battery. As a result of using the SZ battery, it is possible to transmit sufficient voltage to the spark plugs to ignite the mixture.

Types of ignition systems

Contactless SZ circuit with switch for UAZ

Today there are three main types of ignition systems that can be installed on cars:

1. Contact SZ. It is considered obsolete, but continues to be successfully used on domestically produced vehicles. The principle of operation is that the system produces the necessary impulse, which appears due to the operation of the distribution component. The contact-type device itself is simple, and this is a plus, because in the event of a breakdown, the driver can always diagnose and repair it himself. The cost of replacement components is not high. The main components of a contact type system are a battery, a short circuit, a drive, spark plugs, a capacitor, and a breaker with a distributor.
2. A system called transistor. Many vehicles are equipped with this type. When compared with the type described above, the system is characterized by a number of advantages. Firstly, the generated spark has greater power, which is due to the increased voltage level in the secondary winding of the ignition coil. Secondly, the contactless system is equipped with an electromagnetic device that allows for stable operation, as well as energy transfer to all nodes. As a result, with proper tuning of the internal combustion engine, this allows not only to increase operating power, but also to save fuel. Thirdly, it is convenient in terms of node maintenance. To ensure long-term performance, after setting up and installing the distributor drive, this element must be lubricated from time to time. To ensure normal operation, the element is lubricated every ten thousand kilometers. As for the disadvantages, it is the difficulty of repair. It is impossible to repair the device yourself; this requires special diagnostic equipment, which is only available at service stations.
3. Another option for SZ is electronic, which is the most technologically advanced and expensive today, which is why new vehicles are equipped with it. Unlike the two systems described above, the electronic ignition system is characterized by a complex device that ensures the functionality of not only the torque, but also other parameters. Currently, all modern cars are equipped with electronic systems. The key advantage is a more simplified procedure for setting the advance angle, as well as the absence of the need to periodically check the contacts for oxidation. In practice, the air-fuel mixture in engines with electronic combustion almost always burns completely.
   This type also has its disadvantages, in particular in the matter of repairs. It is impossible to produce it with your own hands, since this requires equipment. Detailed instructions for adjusting the ignition using a light bulb are presented in the video below.

How to set it correctly?

After connection, how is the ignition installed for proper engine operation?

What is the procedure and how to correctly set the node settings, read below:

1. To begin, the vehicle must be secured in place, and turn on the handbrake. The piston of the first cylinder must be installed at top dead center; note that the hole on the crankshaft pulley must coincide with the mark located on the timing gear cover.
2. The cover must be removed from the switchgear. Having done this, you will see a slider located opposite input 1, inside the cover. If it is not there, then the crankshaft must be turned 180 degrees and the octane corrector set to 0. Using a wrench, screw the pointer to the distributor controller body so that it is aligned with the middle mark on the octane corrector. Loosen the screw securing the plastic to the distribution controller housing a little.
3. Carefully turn the housing, holding the slider with your finger so that it does not rotate. This way you can eliminate gaps in the drive. The housing is rotated until the sharp part of the petal on the stator is aligned with the red mark on the rotor. Secure the plate with a screw to the controller body.
4. The next step will be to reinstall the controller cover and perform diagnostics. They must be installed in accordance with the order of operation of the cylinders, that is, first, second, fourth, third. When the ignition timing is set, it is necessary to diagnose the correctness while driving.
5. Start the power unit and warm it up for about ten minutes until the temperature is about 80 degrees. Moving on a flat and straight road at a speed of approximately 40 km/h, sharply press the gas pedal. If, when accelerating to 60 km/h, you feel or hear detonation, it should be short-lived, then everything has been done correctly. If the detonation is very strong, then the distribution controller must be turned half or one division counterclockwise. In the complete absence of detonation, the set advance angle should be increased, that is, the controller should be turned clockwise.