One of the important parameters affecting the performance of a car is the weight of the rims. Modern car enthusiasts understand that by reducing the weight of discs (by installing lighter discs on a car), they can increase the smoothness of the ride, improve the handling of the vehicle, as well as dynamic characteristics (braking and acceleration speeds).
Also, the durability of the suspension and the absence of breakdowns of its elements for a long time depend to a certain extent on the weight of the discs. This article will examine in detail the mechanism of the influence of the mass of discs on the performance characteristics of a car, in addition, we will talk about how the weight of discs differs depending on the material of their manufacture, as well as the technology used.
Sprung and unsprung mass
In order to understand how wheel weight can affect a car's handling, dynamic performance, ride quality and suspension durability, it is necessary to understand what forces act on the car while driving. One of the main parameters that guide engineers when developing a suspension for a particular car model is the ratio of the sprung and unsprung mass of the car. What it is?
A spring (spring, shock absorber strut) is an elastic suspension element that softens the shocks that occur when a car moves over uneven road surfaces. Thanks to this element, impacts are transmitted to the body only to a small extent, which determines the smoothness of the ride and comfort of movement. The sprung mass is the mass of the parts of the vehicle that are separated from the road surface by a spring (body), and the unsprung mass is the mass of parts that are located between the road surface and the spring (wheels, tires, hubs, brake system elements).
Controllability
When the car hits a bump, the wheel takes the impact and transfers it through the shock absorber to the body. In turn, the body with its weight (through the shock absorber) compensates for this impact, and the wheel returns to its original position. The smaller the unsprung mass, the less force is generated by the impact on the body, in addition, less effort is spent when maneuvering. However, if the weight of the body is too small relative to the weight of the wheel (all unsprung elements), then the wheel will not be able to quickly return to its original position, which can lead to loss of control (skidding).
Dynamic characteristics
A vehicle's ability to quickly accelerate and provide effective braking also depends on its unsprung weight. The more the wheels weigh, the more energy is needed to increase the speed of their rotation (which ensures the acceleration of the car), the same applies to the braking process.
An engine can only produce a limited amount of energy at any given time. Therefore, the more the wheels weigh, the more engine power is used to spin them, and less power is available for quick acceleration. In numbers, it looks like this: with an increase in wheel weight (unsprung mass) by 1 kg, the car loses 1% of power. Therefore, to increase acceleration speed and enhance braking efficiency, lightweight rims are installed; with lightweight rims, the car accelerates faster.
Smooth ride
The ratio of sprung and unsprung masses also affects the smoothness of the ride; the ideal ratio can be achieved in two ways - increase the sprung mass or reduce the unsprung mass. The first method has certain disadvantages, since increasing the weight of the car (for example, due to additional ballast in the cabin or trunk) reduces the acceleration dynamics. Therefore, most often they try to lighten the wheels as much as possible, reducing the unsprung weight.
There are very specific indicators - reducing the weight of the wheel (each of the wheels) by 1 kg. has the same effect as reducing body weight by 40 kg. That is, reducing the weight of each wheel by 4 kg. (the total reduction in unsprung weight will be 16 kg), you can achieve the same smooth ride that is observed when there are several passengers in the cabin. But at the same time, the car accelerates much faster than when loaded (as if there were actually passengers sitting in the cabin).
Rims weight and suspension durability
The durability of the suspension elements also depends on the weight of the wheel rims (and other unsprung elements). When driving over uneven road surfaces, shocks occur that are absorbed by the suspension. Moreover, not only shock absorbers, if the impact is strong, then other suspension elements also take on part of the impact energy. And the higher the unsprung mass, the greater the load on the suspension. Naturally, increasing the load does not contribute to the durability of the units that take the blows.
Which wheels are lighter (forged, cast, stamped)?
Stamped steel wheels are the heaviest, which has become a common reason for replacing them with light alloys immediately after purchasing a new car. However, steel wheels have a minimal cost, so they continue to occupy a strong position in the automotive spare parts market.
Cast aluminum alloy wheels approximately 20% lighter than steel wheels, the manufacturing technology allows you to realize almost any designer’s imagination. In addition, alloy wheels provide better cooling of the brake system.
Forged wheels are the easiest. Discs made using hot stamping technology are, in turn, 20% lighter than cast discs and 50% lighter than stamped steel discs. The main obstacle to their unconditional dominance among other types of car wheels is the price - forged wheels are slightly more expensive than cast wheels, and much more expensive than steel ones.
Magnesium alloy wheels occupy a special place on the market, such wheels are somewhat heavier than forged ones, but much lighter than aluminum wheels. However, magnesium wheels are not widely used because they are less durable than aluminum wheels and cannot be repaired if damaged. Magnesium wheels are purchased by fans of fast driving and dynamic maneuvering, and owners of sports cars.
Average disk weight
The relationship between the weight and size of wheel rims made from various materials is well illustrated in the table. The data presented in the table was obtained based on a comparative analysis of the weight and dimensions of more than 4 thousand models of car wheels from various manufacturers. Each mass indicator is obtained by obtaining the arithmetic average of the aggregate masses of disks of the same size (diameter) and the same type (manufacturing material) of many models from different manufacturers.
| Average weight of one disk, kg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter, inches | Cast | Forged | Steel | Cast magnesium |
| R10 | 3,63 | 2,30 | ||
| R12 | 4,17 | 4,50 | 3,08 | |
| R13 | 5,40 | 3,58 | 7,26 | 3,83 |
| R14 | 6,29 | 3,94 | 8,01 | 4,38 |
| R15 | 7,32 | 3,69 | 9,56 | 5,16 |
| R16 | 8,59 | 6,40 | 10,20 | 6,47 |
| R17 | 9,82 | 7,38 | 12,40 | 9,20 |
| R18 | 11,17 | 8,62 | ||
| R19 | 12,28 | 10,36 | ||
| R22 | 18,76 | 11,51 | ||
| R23 | 19,87 | |||
| R24 | 22,22 | |||
The total mass of the car consists of the sprung and unsprung mass. is part of the unsprung mass and is an extremely important, one might say, defining characteristic in the dynamics of a car. The whole point is that the unsprung mass moves vertically relative to the car body; just remember how the chassis behaves when driving over uneven surfaces. When a car moving at speed hits a bump, the unsprung mass rushes upward, imparting kinetic energy to the vehicle body, while the sprung mass must compensate for this push. That is why the balance of sprung and unsprung mass is very important, which should be distributed in a ratio of 85/15. From all of the above, it is logical to conclude that the smaller the unsprung mass, the smoother the car moves. However, it is very important that this softness does not turn out to be prohibitive, otherwise the wheels will simply stop holding the road properly. As noted earlier, tire weight is the main component of the unsprung mass, which means that when chasing dynamic performance, you should not forget about the correct tire weight.
What tire weight is best?
It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of what tire weight is best. It all depends on many factors. In order to try to clarify this issue, we should recall such a physical concept as inertia. Inertia is an indicator of resistance to change. When the driver presses the gas pedal, the vehicle's engine spins the wheels, and a certain amount of energy generated by the engine is spent on overcoming the weight of the wheel, the main part of which is contained in the tires. It turns out that the lighter the installed tires, the easier the car spins the wheels, which means it picks up speed faster. In a word, if the weight of the tires has virtually no effect on the maximum speed of the car, then these “rubber” kilograms play one of the main roles in its time to reach a certain speed. As a rule, the average weight of a wheel on civilian cars is a little less or a little more than 19 kg. These figures can be called the golden mean, suitable for the average urban citizen who does not go into detail about the dynamic characteristics of his vehicle and is more concerned about its ability to get from home to work and back.
How to choose the correct tire weight?
First, you need to familiarize yourself with the tire size recommended by the car manufacturer; it is not recommended to ignore it. The standard size is indicated in the operating book. Most often, there are two recommendations - for summer and winter. The tire size largely determines their weight, but not without exceptions. Today, tire production technologies have stepped forward and those standard sizes that in the early days were characteristic exclusively of summer tires can now be found among winter options. Conventionally, tires can be divided into two categories:
- For everyday driving, the optimal choice would be tires from the comfort segment. Such rubber can be described as reliable and durable. These tires are of medium weight, the manufacturer tries to maintain a balance.
- If you often travel on the highway, then it is best to choose high-speed tires from the premium segment. If they do not differ in increased durability, then there is no point in comparing the comfort segment with them in terms of control reliability. Accordingly, they are light in weight.
Of course, there are other types of tires, but they belong to highly specialized categories. For example, due to their high cost, eco-tires with a long service life are not very popular. There are also sports tires that are highly resistant to extreme overloads. To summarize: choosing tires based on the purpose of use rather than weight will be much more effective in operation.
What affects the weight of tires?
To determine the weight of car shoes, there are tables in which the size and volume are correlated with weight. These tables can and should be used. However, we should not forget that the weight may vary depending on the manufacturer.
What factors influence the weight of a tire?
Firstly, as already mentioned, this is the standard size. The larger the size, the heavier the tire and vice versa, the smaller, the lighter it is. Although, this is not and is not always the case, because the decisive factor here will be the tire production technology.
Secondly, there is the thickness of the tire sidewall. In addition to mass, the thickness of the sidewall determines the service life. The thicker the sidewall, the longer the rubber will last. There are tires with reinforced sidewalls, their service life is impressive, and if by buying such tires you can save money due to their slow wear, then such tires will definitely not have a positive effect on fuel consumption.
Thirdly, this is the load index. The load index is a number that characterizes the maximum load on a tire. The index does not always correlate with weight. In this case, the composition of the rubber from which it is made is much more important. Today, there are light tires on the market that can withstand very heavy loads, while also having increased wear resistance.
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When choosing tires for their cars, many drivers often pay attention to their size, height and type of tread, seasonality, indexes and some other parameters indicated on the side surface of the wheel. At the same time, one of the most important parameters has always been the weight of the rubber, because the dynamics of the vehicle, the length of the braking distance and, as a consequence, the action of inertial forces - an indicator of fuel economy - largely depend on it.
The tire weight can be seen on almost any official portal of famous brands, as it is part of the publicly available technical specifications. In addition, experts have long established that, regardless of the structural features, manufacturer and other initial data, all tires of the same dimensions have a weight within a single range. In general, the weight of tires, as a rule, varies under the influence of the following parameters:
Tires for passenger cars
- How much does a wheel weigh and what does this mass depend on? First of all, this is the density of the rubber mixture, which can vary depending on the manufacturer of the product, seasonality and technological features during manufacturing.
- The presence of an internal wheel frame for increased strength and rigidity of the tire, depending on load indices, speed and wear resistance. For example, a high-strength tire model can be reinforced with several metal mesh-webs, which add additional weight to the tire.
- The tire size also affects its weight, and not only the diameter, which is familiar to drivers, but also two other dimensions. This means that an R15 tire with a width of over 200mm and a tire profile height of 80mm could very well weigh more than a low profile R17 wheel.
- An equally important role in determining the weight of tires is played by its purpose, since a sports tire, which has an almost flat sole, differs in weight from a mud tire with tractor treads, even if both wheels have identical dimensions.
Standard tire composition - If a tire has increased strength characteristics and a reinforced side cord, the tire almost certainly consists of more layers than its standard counterpart, which also increases the weight of the rubber.
To make the choice of tires more objective, each driver must know the weight of the wheels and select the most convenient tire parameters for themselves. So, for example, if for a small car with an engine power of less than 60 hp. With. If a reinforced tire is installed, its weight will even affect the traction properties of the vehicle. If high-speed driving is important to a motorist, then on heavy tires he will never be able to develop the maximum dynamics for a given vehicle.
Tire weight, table
Low profile rubber
To understand the relationship between wheel dimensions and weight, drivers should refer to specially compiled tabular materials that show all the basic tire parameters that affect this indicator and, accordingly, the average wheel weight for each size.
Tire weights, a table with the most popular parameters such as tire sizes, weight and volume, is presented below.
| Tire width, mm | Tire profile height, mm | Tire diameter, inches | Range of tire volumes for the given parameters, m³ | Weight range for the given wheel parameters, kg |
| 145 | 65 | 13 | 0,038–0,042 | 5,1–5,3 |
| 165 | 70 | 13 | 0,049–0,051 | 6,1–6,3 |
| 185 | 70 | 13 | 0,059–0,061 | 7,5–7,7 |
| 195 | 60 | 13 | 0,06–0,062 | 7,9–8,1 |
| 215 | 50 | 13 | 0.079–0,081 | 9,6–9,8 |
| 155 | 65 | 14 | 0,049–0,051 | 5,6–5,8 |
| 175 | 60 | 14 | 0,059–0,061 | 6,5–6,7 |
| 185 | 55 | 14 | 0,06–0,062 | 6,9–7,1 |
| 195 | 60 | 14 | 0,069–0,071 | 8,3–8,5 |
| 205 | 70 | 14 | 0,079–0,081 | 10,1–10,3 |
| 215 | 65 | 14 | 0,089–0,091 | 10,4–10,6 |
| 225 | 70 | 14 | 0,98–1 | 12,7–12,9 |
| 165 | 65 | 15 | 0,059–0,061 | 6,9–7,1 |
| 175 | 65 | 15 | 0,06–0,062 | 7,2–7,4 |
| 185 | 60 | 15 | 0,069–0,071 | 8,2–8,4 |
| 195 | 55 | 15 | 0,07–0,072 | 8,8–9 |
| 205 | 65 | 15 | 0,088–0,09 | 9,5–9,7 |
| 215 | 60 | 15 | 0,089–0,091 | 11,3–11,5 |
| 225 | 60 | 15 | 0,099–0,1 | 10,8–11 |
| 235 | 70 | 15 | 0,119–0,121 | 14,9–15,1 |
| 255 | 65 | 15 | 0,129–0,131 | 17,8–18,2 |
| 175 | 60 | 16 | 0,069–0,071 | 7,5–7,7 |
| 185 | 60 | 16 | 0,07–0,072 | 9,1–9,4 |
| 195 | 55 | 16 | 0,079–0,081 | 8,6–9,2 |
| 205 | 55 | 16 | 0,081–0,083 | 9,1–9,4 |
| 215 | 55 | 16 | 0,089–0,092 | 9,8–10,3 |
| 225 | 50 | 16 | 0,09–0,094 | 10,6–11 |
| 235 | 50 | 16 | 0,1–0,104 | 10,9–11,3 |
| 245 | 45 | 16 | 0,102–0,106 | 11,4–11,8 |
| 255 | 40 | 16 | 0,111–0,115 | 16,2–16,6 |
| 265 | 40 | 16 | 0,136–0,14 | 18,4–18,8 |
| 195 | 40 | 17 | 0,071–0,074 | 8,4–8,7 |
| 195 | 45 | 17 | 0,073–0,077 | 9–9,3 |
| 205 | 55 | 17 | 0,088–0,091 | 10,5–10,9 |
| 215 | 65 | 17 | 0,11–0,114 | 13–13,4 |
| 225 | 60 | 17 | 0,112–0,116 | 13,5–13,9 |
| 235 | 60 | 17 | 0,119–0,123 | 12,8–13,2 |
| 245 | 55 | 17 | 0,121–0,125 | 12,9–13,3 |
| 255 | 55 | 17 | 0,122–0,128 | 13,1–13,4 |
| 265 | 50 | 17 | 0,124–0,13 | 13,2–13,6 |
| 275 | 50 | 17 | 0,14–0,141 | 18,4 - 19 |
| 205 | 40 | 18 | 0,079–0,081 | 8,9–9,2 |
| 215 | 55 | 18 | 0,099–0,102 | 11,4–11,8 |
| 225 | 55 | 18 | 0,108–0,112 | 12,4–12,8 |
| 235 | 60 | 18 | 0,129–0,133 | 16,1–16,6 |
| 245 | 60 | 18 | 0,148–0,154 | 16,7–17,2 |
| 255 | 60 | 18 | 0,151–0,157 | 16,8–17,4 |
| 265 | 60 | 18 | 0,158–0,164 | 17–17,6 |
| 275 | 65 | 18 | 0,198–0,204 | 18,7–19,4 |
| 285 | 65 | 18 | 0,208–0,218 | 19,9–20,7 |
According to the given weights and tire volumes in the table, car enthusiasts only need to select the tire parameter they are interested in for their vehicle, and then multiply the corresponding weight of one tire by 4. This way, you can find out the weight of all the tires that need to be installed on the vehicle.
Wheel assembly Weight of tires for trucks
Many car enthusiasts are interested in how much tires for trucks, which ply Russian federal highways in large numbers, weigh.
On a note!
It must be said right away that these wheels are several orders of magnitude superior to passenger tires in terms of geometric parameters, but that’s not all - they have a much higher wear resistance index, which is achieved due to a greater number of layers of rubber in the sole and side cord of the tires. Because of this, the total volume of rubber mixture that is spent on the manufacture of such a tire significantly exceeds the same figure for a tire of a smaller size, and, of course, such a product has a relatively large mass.
Thus, the main size range of tires and the mass values corresponding to them are given in the following table.
| Tire size | Tire volume, m³ | Tire weight, kg | Tire size | Tire volume, m³ | Tire weight, kg |
| 10.00R20 | 0,264 | 52,4 | 275/70/R22.5 | 0,221 | 51,2 |
| 11.00R20 | 0,32 | 65,7 | 275/80/R22.5 | 0,239 | 51,9 |
| 11.00R22.5 | 0,384 | 51,8 | 285/70/R19.5 | 0,191 | 43,6 |
| 12.00R20 | 0,457 | 71,5 | 295/60/R22.5 | 0,301 | 62,7 |
| 12.00R24 | 0,315 | 79,7 | 295/75/R22.5 | 0,267 | 57,4 |
| 12.00R22.5 | 0,366 | 64,7 | 295/80/R22.5 | 0,288 | 63,5 |
| 13.00R22.5 | 0,528 | 70,6 | 305/70/R19.5 | 0,196 | 45,6 |
| 14.00R20 | 0,533 | 104,8 | 305/70/R22.5 | 0,284 | 61,5 |
| 205/65/R17.5 | 0,127 | 14,9 | 315/60/R22.5 | 0,299 | 63,2 |
| 205/75/R17.5 | 0,131 | 16,1 | 315/70/R22.5 | 0,353 | 64,3 |
| 215/75/R17.5 | 0,148 | 26,4 | 315/80/R22.5 | 0,327 | 71,1 |
| 235/75/R16 | 0,129 | 15,9 | 365/80/R20.5 | 0,436 | 74,7 |
| 245/75/R17.5 | 0,134 | 22,3 | 385/55/R22.5 | 0,377 | 75,1 |
| 245/75/R17.5 | 0,141 | 29,4 | 385/65/R22.5 | 0,383 | 76,3 |
| 265/70/R17.5 | 0,148 | 30,7 | 385/65/R22.5 | 0,378 | 76,7 |
| 265/70/R19.5 | 1,152 | 34,5 | 425/65/R22.5 | 0,479 | 84,8 |
| 275/70/R17.5 | 0,164 | 32,3 | 435/50/R19.5 | 0,362 | 63,3 |
| 275/70/R19.5 | 0,177 | 39,7 | 445/65/R22.5 | 0,561 | 96,4 |
Thus, if a full-fledged truck has 26 wheels on 9 axles, then the weight of the tires on them can exceed 2 tons, but this has little effect on its cruising speed, since the total curb load from its own weight and transported goods can be tens of times greater.
Wheels on a truck How to find out the mass of a wheel assembly
On a note!
Unfortunately, at the factory, manufacturers almost never insert the weight of the tire into the marking line, where the size range, indexes and other characteristics of the rubber are indicated, and motorists have to independently look for this parameter in the catalogs of a particular tire brand. In addition, what is important for the driver is not the mass of the tire, but the total weight of the wheel assembly, since based on this value, the magnitude of the inertial forces can be selected and the braking distance of the car or the risk of skidding can be determined.
So, this indicator consists of the following parameters:
- The weight of the wheel rim, which also varies from size, density, filling of the grille, that is, the amount of metal is important here. In addition, it is very important to know the manufacturing method and the type of metal alloy contained in the product. Stamped steel versions are heavier than cast or forged alloy wheels.
- Tire weight, which is determined from the tables above, depending on the size and other parameters of the tire.
- Balancing weights, which for heavy trucks can weigh several kilograms, and for passenger cars - rarely exceed 100 grams.
- Nipple and tube (if the design of the tire beads allows it to be installed, since most wheels in recent years are still made in a tubeless version.
- Some car enthusiasts, if their tires have damage, signs of severe wear or a hernia in the side or end part, use special liquids - sealants, which fill the space inside the wheel. So, when driving, these compounds evenly cover the entire inside of the cylinder and prevent loss of pressure in the tires, since their viscous structure completely plugs even microscopic cracks or punctures.
- If the wheels are stamped, then decorative caps made of plastic, steel or rubber are often put on them, the mass of which is also taken into account in calculating the total weight of the wheel.
The largest and heaviest truck tires - In the context of technological progress and innovative technologies, some tire shops offer drivers to inflate tires using pure nitrogen. They motivate this by the fact that, unlike air, it has a lower density and, accordingly, tires with a lower weight will improve the dynamic qualities of the vehicle and reduce fuel consumption.
Note!
Some drivers believe that the air under pressure in the tire also has mass, and, of course, this is partly true, but compared to the total weight of the wheel assembly, this value does not reach 1/1000 of the total mass.
How much does an R16 or R17 tire weigh? To understand what the mass of the wheel assembly is, then depending on the disc material, the tire mass given above should simply be multiplied by a correction factor from 1.6 to 2. Thus, if the weight of the R16 wheel assembly for a passenger car is about 11 kg , then the assembled wheel on a cast disk will have a mass of approximately 17–18 kg. At the same time, the weight of one R17 tire can be 13 kg, and on a wheel it will be approximately 20 kg.
The weight of tires is a conditional value, since it can fluctuate for different manufacturers, and a car enthusiast can determine the exact weight of the wheels for making some decisions only through a real-life experiment, that is, banal weighing after installing the tire, balancing and pumping pressure into it.
