The MPI engine is slowly becoming a thing of the past. Not everyone knows what it is, mainly those who have changed many cars in their lives and have been driving for many years. Probably also those who are interested in technology in general and the automotive industry in particular. But at one time such an engine was a huge step forward: it was the one that replaced the carburetor ones.
Among Volkswagen engines, this is the oldest development that was still in use until recently. True, the MPI engine has been installed in recent years mainly on Skoda models. The last swallows were the Skoda Octavia of the second series; on the third, more time-appropriate FSI or TSI were already installed. And yet it is still believed that MPI is the most reliable, practical and trouble-free among all injection engines.
MPI engine: what it is is quite simple to explain. After all, it is based on a commonly used injector, only with some features and limitations.
Device
The abbreviation stands for Multi Point Injection, that is, multipoint injection. The engine is a petrol unit, by definition not turbocharged, in which point injection is distributed across the cylinders. Each cylinder is equipped with one injector, which delivers fuel under pressure through a specially designated intake channel.
The design does not provide for a fuel rail, as injection is implemented on TSI series engines. There is also no direct injection directly into the cylinders, as is done in TFSI or FSI engines. Due to the design features, the MPI engine had an ignition advance function, due to which the throttle was extremely sensitive to the gas pedal.
The remaining mechanisms are supplied with a water cooling system. Performed by Volkswagen, this is the MerCruiser, which stabilizes the functioning of the engine thanks to a developed system for releasing gas-air plugs.
The Germans equip the MPI engine with a well-thought-out system that controls the hydraulic drive, a clutch with a built-in grease nipple. And the engineering solution for differentiating the engine can be considered especially successful: the design is based on rubber supports that automatically adjust to the rhythm and speed of movement, engine speed and unevenness of the surface.
Due to all this, engine vibrations and noise from it are noticeably reduced. The engine itself has 4 cylinders and 8 valves (at the rate of 2 per cylinder). In terms of power, MPI engines were produced in 1.4 liters with 80 horses and 1.6 - with 105.
Advantages
The main advantage of this engine is the simplicity of the device. Due to this, it is easy to repair and is inexpensive to maintain. In addition, 92 gasoline is quite suitable for it (and not only from alternative manufacturers, but also for original Volkswagen models). The design is extremely durable. If you deal with German cars with such an engine, the manufacturer guarantees a repair-free mileage of 300,000 - if you are not lazy to change filters and oil on time.
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Flaws
They are due precisely to the design features of the engine. Namely: fuel is combined with air in channels, and not directly in the cylinders. Therefore, the capabilities of the intake system are somewhat limited. As a result, we have a lack of power and... As a result, no special dynamics, no hot drive, no sporty throttle response. These qualities are enhanced by the number of valves - 8 pieces are no longer enough for modern cars. You could say this is a family-friendly and leisurely car.
MPI and modernity
But by the way, according to the assurances of the developers from the world-famous concern, this engine has little in common with the old version with 105 horsepower. At its core, it rather belongs to the TSI family, but it does not have turbocharging or direct injection for gasoline.
MPI engines are gradually becoming a thing of the past, so it is increasingly rare to meet a car enthusiast who understands what they are talking about when they call this abbreviation. Those who have changed many cars or are interested in cars in general know about it.
Having replaced carburetor engines, becoming the next step in the development of the automotive industry, this type of engine is now giving way to advanced developments. Today, many people think in advance which engine should be installed in a personal car: TSI, FSI or MPI. Although many experts still consider the latter to be the most practical, reliable and trouble-free in the family of injection engines.
FSI is considered a more modern development, the next step after MPI. The BSE engine appeared in 2005 and is famous for its ability to withstand low quality domestic fuel.
Did you know? The abbreviation MPI comes from the term Multi Point Injection, which means multi-point fuel injection. The motor was actively used by the Volkswagen concern. It was gradually introduced at the Skoda subsidiary. The engines were installed there for the last time - on the Yeti and Octavia models.
It should also be explained what MPI and TSI are. If the first term implies an internal combustion engine in which each cylinder has its own injector, then TSI has different interpretations.
So, initially the abbreviation meant double supercharging and stratified injection: Twincharged Stratified Injection. But recently, the abbreviation TFSI has become increasingly used, in which the additional letter F stands for Fuel.
You can often find another abbreviated name for the engine - MPI DOHC, what this means is easy to understand if you know that the term DOHC refers to engines that have 2 camshafts and 4 valves in the cylinder head.
Principle of operation
The MPI fuel injection system supplies fuel simultaneously from multiple points. Each cylinder has its own injector, and fuel is supplied through a special exhaust channel. But what distinguishes the MPI engine from the TSI, which is also equipped with multi-point fuel supply, is no boost.
The fuel mixture is supplied to the cylinders not using turbochargers, but using a fuel pump. It pumps gasoline into a special intake manifold under a pressure of three atmospheres, where it mixes with air and is also sucked under pressure into the cylinder through the intake valve.
Schematically, the engine operation looks like this:- The fuel pump pumps fuel from the tank to the injector.
- The electronic injection control unit sends a signal to the injector, which passes fuel into a special channel.
- The mixture is sent to the combustion chamber.
The hydraulic drive control system consists of a clutch with a grease fitting and a system that limits trim. It includes rubber supports that can independently adapt to the operating mode of the engine, reducing noise and vibration during operation. The engine has 8 valves: 2 for each cylinder, as well as a camshaft.
Did you know? The most common engines are MPI 1.4 with 80 horsepower, as well as 1.6 with 105 horsepower. But automakers are still gradually abandoning them. The only companies that still use engines of this type are Dodge and Skoda.
Advantages
The engine has several advantages, the main one of which is simplicity of the system. This makes it easy to repair and maintain. For repairs, it is not always necessary to completely disassemble the entire structure. It can run on 92 gasoline.
In addition, its overall design is very durable. In most cases, you can travel up to 300 thousand km without engine repair. Of course, if you maintain it properly: change the oil and filters on time.
Flaws
However, it was the design features of the MPI engine that also provoked its shortcomings. The intake system has very limited capabilities, since the fuel is combined with air not in the cylinders, but in the channels. Therefore, the motor is characterized by weak torque and low power. In addition, 8 valves are considered insufficient for today's cars.
In general, an engine of this type is only good for a low-speed family car. Apparently that’s why car manufacturers have been increasingly abandoning it lately.
Important! Today, only a few companies use this type of motor in their cars. In addition, its repair is quite expensive. This must be taken into account when choosing a car.
Although there are attempts to modernize this engine. For example, in 2014, Skoda installed an improved engine of this type in the Yeti, developed specifically for the Russian segment. It received a power of 110 horsepower.
American developers are also involved in modernization, but still, in the confrontation between power and reliability, manufacturers and car enthusiasts more often choose the former.
MPI engine in Volkswagen cars: operating principle, features, advantages and disadvantages. The MPI engine is a fuel injection design using a multi-point fuel injection device. Therefore, this motor received the appropriate name “Multi-Point-Injection”. In other words, each engine cylinder has its own injector nozzle. This is precisely the scheme that was implemented by the Volkswagen automaker.
This type of engine is installed on the Volkswagen New Polo sedan, some Golf and Jetta trim levels (partially the Golf and Jetta are also equipped with TSI engines). On the Passat SS, only TSI engines are installed now (2016). FSI is installed.
The MPI engine unit is the most outdated of the entire Volkswagen engine range. But, nevertheless, it is distinguished by excellent practicality and reliability. Some experts note that now this type of engine does not meet current requirements in terms of efficiency and environmental friendliness. Moreover, until recently it could be argued that this type of motor was discontinued. And the last automobile model of the automaker where it was used was the Skoda Oktavia 2nd series.
But suddenly the MPI engine was revived and became in demand again. In the fall of 2015, Volkswagen launched an engine production line at its Kaluga plant, where they began producing the MPI 1.6 engine design of the EA211 series.
Features of the MPI engine
The main difference between such engines has already been written about - multi-point gasoline supply. But those who are familiar with car engines can note that TSI engines also have multipoint injection.
Therefore, let’s move on to another distinctive feature - there is no supercharging in MPI. Those. there are no turbochargers to force the fuel mixture into the cylinders. An ordinary gasoline pump that supplies fuel under pressure of three atmospheres to a special intake manifold, where it is then mixed with the air mass and drawn through the intake valve directly into the cylinder. As you can see, this is quite similar to the operation of a carburetor engine. There is no direct fuel injection into the cylinder, as in FSI, GDi or TSI devices.
Another feature is the presence of a water system, thanks to which the fuel mixture is cooled. This occurs due to the fact that an increased temperature regime is established in the area of the cylinder head, and gasoline is supplied under rather low pressure. Therefore, all this can boil and form gas air pockets.
Advantages
The MPI engine is distinguished by its unpretentiousness in fuel quality and can operate on 92-octane gasoline.
By its design, this engine is very durable, and its shortest mileage without any repair work, as the manufacturer informs, is 300 thousand km, of course, if the oils and filters are changed on time.
Thanks to its not very complex design, the MPI engine can be easily and inexpensively repaired in the event of a breakdown, and in general this is noticeably reflected in its price. The conventional design sets it apart from the TSI, which has a high-pressure pump and a turbocharger device. The MPI engine is also less likely to overheat.
Another advantage of the motor is the presence of rubber supports located directly under the engine. This significantly reduces noise and vibration while moving.
Flaws
It can be noted that the MPI engine is not very dynamic. Due to the fact that the fuel mixing process is carried out in special exhaust channels (before the fuel enters the cylinders), such engines are considered limited. An eight-valve system with a timing belt indicates a lack of power. Thus, they are designed for not very fast trips.
One of the disadvantages is that MPI is less economical. Multipoint injection is inferior in efficiency to supercharging along with direct fuel injection into the cylinder, as is done in the TSI propulsion device.
And yet, if you add up the advantages and disadvantages, it turns out that these engines are quite comparable in terms of competitiveness, especially for Russian roads. It is no coincidence that for the Skoda Yeti, German manufacturers abandoned the 1.2-liter TSI engine, preferring the proven and unpretentious 1.6-liter MPI engine.
Hyundai uses its own engines for installation in its cars, which have shown their best performance. About what engines Hyundai equips cars for the Russian market, about their main characteristics, features and applicability, as well as general information on South Korean power units - you will learn all this from this article.
General look at Hyundai engines
Hyundai, like many other large automakers, equips its cars with engines of its own production, which makes it independent of third-party manufacturers. However, this was not always the case: for many years the company produced engines under license from Mitsubishi, and only in 1989 (22 years after the formation of the company) a completely self-developed engine was released.
Today, Hyundai produces several types of power plants that have different purposes:
In-line 4-cylinder small displacement petrol engines for passenger cars, minibuses and light commercial trucks;
. In-line 4-cylinder small displacement diesel engines for passenger cars, minibuses and light commercial trucks;
. In-line 4-cylinder diesel engines of large capacity for trucks;
. V-shaped 6-cylinder gasoline engines for passenger cars (including crossovers);
. Large displacement inline 6-cylinder diesel engines for powerful trucks and buses;
. V-shaped 8-cylinder gasoline engines for executive class passenger cars;
. V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engines for trucks and buses.
In addition, the Hyundai line has several 3-cylinder gasoline engines, as well as a lot of engines with a volume of 53 to 678 cm 3 (power from 2 to 30 hp), used on generators and small equipment (snow blowers, scooters, cultivators and etc.). But here we will only talk about car engines.
A - South Korea, Asan;
. B - China, Beijing;
. H - South Korea, Hwasun;
. K - USA, Montgomery;
. M - India, Chennai;
. P—South Korea, Poseung;
. S - South Korea, Sohari;
. T - Türkiye, Izmit;
. U - South Korea, Ulsan;
. W - China, Shandong;
. Z - Slovakia, Zilina;
. 1 - China, Yancheng.
Typically, full markings are indicated only in the documents for the car; more often you can see engines with a four-digit designation, which is usually more than enough. For example, the Hyundai Solaris is equipped with two engines - G4FA and G4FC, which means that we have gasoline 4-cylinder engines of the Gamma generation (as indicated by the letter “F”) with a volume of 1.4 liters (the letter “A” in the first engine) and 1.6 l (letter “C” in the second engine).
The marking is stamped on the engine; its location depends on the specific power unit. But usually the marking is applied to the cylinder block in such a place that it is visible without special manipulations - just open the hood.
Engines of current Hyundai passenger car models
Hyundai uses a wide variety of engines, with one model intended for different markets often equipped with different engines. Therefore, here we will consider only those engines that are used in Hyundai cars intended for sale in Russia.
The current range of engines for Hyundai passenger cars is as follows:
Gamma 1.4 (MPi, petrol, 1396 cm 3, 100 hp, i30);
. Gamma 1.4 (MPi, petrol, 1396 cm 3, 107 hp, Solaris);
. Gamma 1.6 (MPi, petrol, 1591 cm 3, 123 hp, Solaris);
. Gamma 1.6 (MPi, petrol, 1591 cm 3, 130 hp, i30);
. Gamma 1.6 (MPi, petrol, 1591 cm 3, 132 hp, Elantra, Veloster);
. Nu 1.8 (MPi, petrol, 1797 cm 3, 150 hp, Elantra);
. Nu 2.0 (MPi, petrol, 1999 cm 3, 150 hp, i40, ix35);
. Theta II 2.4 (MPi, petrol, 173 hp, 2359 cm 3, H1);
. Theta II 2.4 (MPi, petrol, 180 hp, Grandeur);
. Theta II 2.4 (MPi, petrol, 175 hp, Santa Fe);
. Lambda II 3.0 (GDi, V6, petrol, 249 hp, Genesis);
. Lambda II 3.0 (MPi, V6, petrol, 2999 cm 3, 250 hp, Grandeur);
. Lambda II 3.3 (MPi, V6, petrol, 3342 cm 3, 271 hp, Grand Santa Fe);
. Lambda II 3.8 (GDi, V6, gasoline, 3778 cm 3, 315 hp, Genesis);
. Lambda II 3.8 (GDi (new modification), V6, gasoline, 3778 cm 3, 334 hp, Equus);
. Tau 5.0 (GDi (new modification). V8, gasoline, 5038 cm 3, 430 hp, Equus);
. U II 1.6 (diesel, 1582 cm 3, 128 hp, i30);
. U II 1.7 (diesel, 1685 cm 3, 136 hp, i40);
. U II 2.0 (diesel, 136 hp, ix35);
. U II 2.0D (diesel, 184 hp, ix35);
. R 2.2 (diesel, 197 hp, Santa Fe, Grand Santa Fe);
. A II 2.5 (diesel, 2497 cm 3, 116 hp, 16 valves, H1);
. A II 2.5 (diesel, 2497 cm 3, 170 hp, 16 valves, H1).
Each line of engines has its own characteristics, technical characteristics and applicability.
"Gamma" line
The most common gasoline engines have relatively low power, small dimensions, low noise levels and a high degree of environmental safety. This generation replaced the first generation of Hyundai Alpha gasoline engines. The engines have a number of common features and characteristics:
Inline 4-cylinder;
. Gasoline;
. MPi (multipoint injection);
. DOHC (two timing shafts in the cylinder head);
. D-CVVT (variable valve timing system);
. 16 valves (four valves per cylinder);
. Timing drive - chain;
. Aluminum cylinder block and cylinder head.
The line includes three modifications - G4FA (Gamma 1.4), G4FC and G4FC (both Gamma 1.6). The motors are installed on the Solaris, Accent, Elantra, Veloster, i30, ix35, i40 models, as well as on Kia Ria and Soul cars.
“Nu” line
One of Hyundai's new developments, these gasoline engines occupy the “two-liter” niche between the Gamma and Theta II lines. These engines are equipped with the most modern systems and functions - MPi, CVVT, DOHC and others. The cylinder block and cylinder head are made of aluminum, so the engines with good power indicators are very light and compact.
This line on the Russian market is represented by two models:
G4NB (Nu 1.8, installed on Hyundai Elantra);
. G4NE (Nu 2.0, installed on ix35 and i40).
This generation also includes more powerful two-liter engines G4NA (164 hp) and G4NC (177 hp), which are equipped with the now no longer produced Hyundai Tucson model and others.
Theta II line
Theta II gasoline engines have been produced since 2008, replacing the Theta engines, which had been produced for only four years before that. These power units have all the “family features” of Hyundai engines: an aluminum cylinder block and cylinder head, multi-point injection, two camshafts in the cylinder head, a timing system and others.
The line consists of more than a dozen engines, but today only 2.4-liter versions are supplied to Russia:
G4KE (installed on the Santa Fe crossover);
. G4KG (installed on minibus H-1);
. G4KJ (installed on Hyundai Grandeur; previously this model was equipped with a less powerful G4KE unit).
The Theta II line also includes 1.8 and 2-liter engines, but Hyundai does not offer domestic buyers cars with these power plants.
Line "Lambda II"
A line of powerful 6-cylinder power units installed mainly in expensive Hyundai and Kia car models. The motors have been manufactured since 2008 (the first generation Lambda was released in 2006), they have the following features:
V-engine (V angle 60°);
. Petrol;
. Availability of models with MPi (multiport injection) and GDi (direct injection);
. D-CVVT (variable valve timing);
. Lightweight aluminum construction;
. Timing chain drive.
There are ten engines in the model range, but only four modifications are installed on cars for the Russian market:
G6DG (Lambda 3.0, installed on Genesis);
. G6DH (Lambda 3.3, installed on Grand Santa Fe);
. G6DJ (lambda 3.8, installed on Genesis);
. G6DA-AC (lambda 3.8 new version, installed on Equus).
Other engines of this line are not supplied to our country.
Line "Tau"
The most powerful gasoline engines installed in luxury cars. Produced since 2008, they have the following characteristics:
V8 (V-shaped 8-cylinder, V angle - 90°);
. Petrol;
. QOHC (four timing shafts - two in each cylinder head);
. D-CVVT;
. Aluminum construction;
. There are models with MPi and GDi.
The lineup consists of only three engines; Hyundai currently supplies only one of them to Russia - the top-end 5-liter G8BE GDi installed on the Equus. The line also includes less powerful G8BA and G8BB engines with the MPi system.
Line "U II"
The simplest and most inexpensive Hyundai diesel engines designed for compact passenger cars. Motors have been produced since 2004 and have the following features:
Inline 4-cylinder;
. Diesel;
. CRDi (Common Rail fuel equipment);
. Equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT);
. They have a CVVT system;
. DOHC;
. 16 valves.
This line includes a large number of engines (more than a dozen modifications) with a volume of 1.1 to 1.7 liters. Cars arriving in Russia are currently equipped with two models:
D4FB (U II 1.6, 128 hp, installed on i30);
. D4FD (U II 1.7, 136 hp, installed on i40).
Also, some U II engines are installed on Kia cars. Despite the high interest of domestic buyers in diesel engines, Hyundai supplies our country with a very limited range of cars powered by this type of fuel.
Line "R"
Newer and more powerful diesel engines produced since 2009. They have a number of non-trivial design solutions, but in general they are similar to the engines described above (CRDi, DOHC, CVVT systems, VGT turbocharger, etc.). In Russia, the line is represented by three engines:
D4HA (R 2.0, 136 hp, installed on ix35);
. D4HA (R 2.0D, power increased to 184 hp, also installed on ix35);
. D4HB (R 2.2., 197 hp, installed on Santa Fe and Grand Santa Fe).
But there is one more, no less popular, which is installed on Volkswagen Group cars (now mainly on SKODA cars), this is the MPI engine. It should be noted that this engine is the oldest in the Volkswagen engine line, but it is the most trouble-free and practical of all units...
Engine MPI or Multi Point Injection (multipoint injection) - gasoline non-turbocharged engine using distributed multipoint fuel injection through injectors. One injector is used per cylinder, there is no fuel rail as in TSI engines, and there is no fuel injection directly into the engine cylinders as in FSI and TFSI engines. The MPI engine has its own fuel injection structure. If I can put it roughly, there is one injector per cylinder, through a special intake channel. It should be noted that it was he who replaced carburetor engines.
This engine has a function of advancing the ignition process, which ensures high throttle sensitivity of the gas pedal.
The structure has a water-cooled MerCruiser fuel mixture, which cools the fuel mixture to an acceptable temperature. This cooling allows you to increase the stability of the engine by getting rid of air and gas locks.
It also has an advanced hydraulic drive control system. A coupling with a grease nipple. Engine trim limiting system with memory (based on rubber mounts that automatically adjust to engine operation - reducing noise and vibration during operation).
It has an 8 valve gas distribution system, two valves per cylinder, one camshaft. The brightest representatives of this family are the 1.4 (80 hp) and 1.6 liter (105 hp) engines.
AdvantagesMPI
The engine is unpretentious and can easily run on 92 gasoline. It has a robust design, as the manufacturer himself assures, the minimum mileage without repair is 300,000 kilometers, with timely replacement of oil and filters. Not expensive and not complicated repairs, due to a simple device.
FlawsMPI
Due to the fact that the fuel mixture is mixed in special intake channels before entering the cylinders, such engines have limited intake system capabilities. This affects power and. They cannot be called “dynamic” and powerful. Most likely, they are designed for leisurely driving. The presence of eight valves, and most of these engines have eight valve timing systems, also indicates a loss of power.
Due to their old design, MPI engines are gradually being phased out; the last models to which this engine family was installed were second-generation SKODA OCTAVIA vehicles. However, the third generation of OCTAVIA cars has more modern and advanced FSI and .
I think it has become a little clear what this engine is.
