Driving license category is a designation used to indicate the group of vehicles that the license holder can drive. One license may provide the ability to drive passenger cars, while another may provide the ability to drive trucks.
A new driver’s license and a decoding of all categories is the main topic of the article, thanks to a careful study of which every car enthusiast will be able to find answers to his questions.
What information is required on a driver's license?
- Last name and first name of the owner;
- Year, place of birth;
- Date of issue of the document, expiration date of the certificate;
- Number of issued rights;
- Name of the organization that issued the document, stamp;
- Owner's image, signature;
- Categories of rights;
- Additional information typically associated with the owner of the identity.
All information is written in Cyrillic. If letters of another alphabet are used, then the transliteration in Latin must be written next to it.
What categories of driver's licenses exist in 2016?
“A” – provides the ability to control a motorcycle. In accordance with paragraph 1 of the Road Traffic Rules, a motorcycle is a two-wheeled vehicle that can be equipped with a side trailer. Three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles are placed on a par with this type of transport if their curb weight does not exceed 400 kg.
“A1” is a subcategory of a driver’s license, which also provides the ability to drive a motorcycle. They differ from the previous ones in that the power of the vehicle should vary in the range from 50 to 125 cubic meters. cm, while the maximum power should not exceed 11 kW. In other words, category A1 driving license is intended for driving scooters.
“B” is a driver’s license that gives him the right to drive a passenger car if its weight is no more than 3.5 tons, and the number of seats excluding the driver’s seat does not exceed 8. Using the license of this category, you are allowed to drive a vehicle, weight which does not exceed 3.5 tons, and the weight of the trailer (if any) does not exceed 750 kg. In accordance with paragraph 1 of the traffic rules, a trailer is a mechanical vehicle, not equipped with an engine, intended to be moved along with vehicles. With such a license, you can even drive minibuses if they meet the characteristics mentioned above.
“B1” is a driver’s license that allows you to drive a three- or four-wheeled vehicle. It is important to comply with the condition - its weight should not exceed 550 kg. If the car is equipped with an internal combustion engine, then its volume should not be more than 50 cubic meters. see. Therefore, category B1 in the driver’s license also provides the opportunity to be in the driver’s seat when operating an ATV. As for the special subcategory - “BE”, it is intended for driving passenger cars, if the mass of the latter is not 750 kg.
“C” - having a license from this category in hand, the driver can operate mechanical vehicles whose weight is more than 3.5 tons. With their presence, you cannot drive passenger cars, even if their weight is no more than 3.5 tons.
“C1” - excludes cars belonging to category D. The weight of the vehicle that can be driven with them should vary from 3.5 to 7.5 tons. The possibility of coupling with a trailer is provided if its weight does not exceed 750 kg. If the driver has a C license, then he can drive vehicles classified as C1.
“C1E” - gives the right to drive a vehicle that belongs to group C1, if its weight is not less than 3.5 tons, and not more than 7.5 tons, coupled with a trailer, if the weight of the latter is more than 750 kg, but less than the weight of the car. The main condition for such a composition is that the total weight of the trailer and vehicle does not exceed 12 tons. Drivers who have a CE license can drive vehicles of group C1E.
“D” – driving vehicles whose main purpose is to transport people, equipped with more than 8 seats. A license in this category provides the ability to drive a car with a trailer, if the weight of the latter does not exceed 750 kg. This group includes various buses.
“D1” – vehicles intended for transporting people and having more than 8 places to accommodate them, but not more than 16. The use of a trailer weighing up to 750 kg is permitted.
“DE” – vehicles of the previous group coupled to a trailer, if its weight is from 750 kg to 3.5 tons. This category includes articulated buses.
“D1E” – driving vehicles equipped with a trailer, if its weight does not exceed 750 kg. In this case, the mass of the transport train should not be more than 12 tons. It is important that the trailer is not intended to carry passengers. If the driver's license has a category DE, then the category in question opens automatically.
“E” – despite the fact that it is assigned to the main categories, it is not applied today.
“Tm” and “Tb” are rights with which you can operate a tram and trolleybus. Previously, such categories were not provided as a separate column.
What is required to obtain a driver's license?
To obtain a driver's license in the categories listed above, you will need to undergo training at a driving school, and then pass an exam on knowledge of the rules of the road. To attend classes, you will need to collect a package of documents. These include:
After the package of documents has been collected, it must be submitted to the driving school. Tuition is paid in full in one payment or in part if students are offered installments.
After completing the training you will be required to take an exam. It consists of three parts:
- Theory. Each examinee is called by name into the room with computers. The duration of the survey is 20 minutes. The number of possible errors is 2. If the exam is passed, the examinee is sent to the test site.
- Area. It requires you to demonstrate practical skills and perform techniques, for example, starting up a hill with the handbrake, demonstrating a U-turn.
- City. The student and the inspector go on a trip by car, and the examinee must not violate traffic rules. The number of penalty points that can be received does not exceed 5. Otherwise, the exam is considered failed.
Age to obtain a driver's license
To obtain a certain category of rights, you must reach a certain age:
- To drive M and A1 vehicles, it is enough to be 16 years old;
- To drive vehicles, A must be of legal age;
- Training in a driving school can take place from the age of 17, but you will only be able to obtain a license at the age of 18, and this can be done immediately on your birthday;
- The rules established for “B” apply to category C rights;
- Studying and obtaining B1 and C1 certificates only from the age of eighteen;
- D, D1, Tm, Tb – training can only take place from the age of 21.
Many Russian citizens, living in one locality, have registration in another, but want to get a driver's license. Most driving schools provide them with this opportunity, but at the same time the requirements for the content of the package of documents change. It will additionally need to include a certificate of temporary registration and a certificate from the permanent place of residence stating that the citizen has not previously studied at a driving school and has not been deprived of his rights.
The new driver's license from 2016 can be used not only to drive vehicles in Russia, but also in the territory of other states that have joined the Vienna Convention of 1968. In accordance with the provisions of this document, participating countries undertake to recognize the driving licenses of other participants.
Those who receive a driver's license (DP) for the first time are interested in the question: what does the AS mark on a driver's license mean? Such questions are quite legitimate, since the new type of electronic devices contain a number of incomprehensible designations. Let’s say right away that this is due to the fact that the Legislation has undergone some changes due to the emergence of certain categories that were not previously used at all in Russia.
Thus, the latest edition of the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 365 (came into force in January 2014) introduced such changes to the VU that changed the document almost beyond recognition. The new rights are now plastic, which fully complies with the requirements of international standards, and the protection of the document itself has been significantly enhanced. In addition, the list of categories has been expanded and the VU now contains many marks that are unfamiliar to our drivers.
Of course, it’s not difficult to understand these innovations, however, marks such as AS are not very clear to our drivers.
What does AS stand for on your driver's license?
Translated from English, the abbreviation AS (automotive steering) means “automotive steering”.
AS in paragraph 12 of the driver's license
This is how we can interpret what AS means in paragraph 12 of a driver’s license (VL): driving is carried out by an automobile-type vehicle (vehicle), where the steering wheel is round and the seat is car. We interpret it this way: the steering wheel is a regular round one, and the car seat has a backrest.
The driving license is marked accordingly if the driver has an open category “A” or “B”. If two of these categories are open at once, the document is not marked.
Article 25, paragraph 7 of the Federal Law “On Road Safety” contains detailed explanations about marks on a driver’s license:
Let's take a closer look at what the letters AS mean on a driver's license for the driver himself. For example, if category “A” is not open in his license, but he drives an ATV, then, if he has the AS mark, he can do this legally. Whereas previously it was necessary to present special documents allowing you to drive an ATV/tricycle. Now it becomes clear what AS is on a driver’s license. However, some people mistakenly believe that such a mark gives the right to drive a vehicle with an automatic transmission. This is not so: you can drive a vehicle with a car steering wheel and seating position, but the automatic transmission has nothing to do with the AS mark in paragraph 12 of your license.
Such a violation will entail a fine, the amount of which varies in the range of 5,000-15,000 rubles (depending on the situation). In this case, the traffic police officer has the right to send the vehicle to the impound lot (stay there must also be paid for). Thus, due to his own inattention and negligence, the driver can lose a fairly large amount of money. To prevent this from happening, you should carefully study the rights of the new model and clearly know what is indicated in them and what each new designation means.
Mark AS for subcategory “B1”
Thus, rights with the open category “B1” are obtained by persons who have undergone special training and who are already 18 years old. The license allows you to drive the following vehicles:
- Light quadricycles (weight less than 350 kg), the maximum speed of which is no more than 50 km/h;
- Tricycles with an engine capacity of no more than 50 cm3, which can accelerate to a speed of 50 km/h and above;
- Quadricycles whose weight does not exceed 400 kg, equipped with a power unit up to 15 kW. For cargo models, there is a restriction - weight no more than 550 kg.
Regarding these types of vehicles, we can say that they are quite new, and most older drivers simply have not had to deal with driving them. At the same time, the popularity of ATVs and tricycles has grown significantly in recent years, so the introduction of the B1 category is a completely reasonable and correct step. Such vehicles are often used by young people. At the same time, the presence of special training and a permit allows them to significantly reduce the number of accidents on the country’s roads.
Although the new type of driving license has been issued in the Russian Federation for several years now, discussions of the document itself have not subsided to this day. Thus, many car drivers suffered from their own inattention and ignorance of all the nuances. It is important not to confuse the AS mark (designates a special type of motorcycle) with the AT mark (prohibits driving a car with a manual transmission). Such shortcomings in the driver’s knowledge can lead to him being issued a fine by the traffic police inspector.
There are 5 main categories: A - motorcycles, B - cars, C - trucks, D - buses, M - mopeds, 4 subcategories: A1, B1, C1, D1, and special categories for driving vehicles with a trailer BE, CE, DE, C1E, D1E.
Category A
This type of driver's license allows you to drive a motorcycle with or without a side trailer. The total curb weight of the vehicle must not exceed 400 kg. In this case, the motorcycle can have a two-wheeled, three-wheeled or four-wheeled design.
Category B
Cars (except for vehicles of category “A”), the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 3500 kilograms and the number of seats, in addition to the driver’s seat, does not exceed eight; cars of category "B" coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms; cars of category "B" coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 3500 kilograms.
A category B driver's license allows you to drive passenger cars, as well as small trucks, minibuses and jeeps that meet the above requirements. Also, category B allows you to drive motorized wheelchairs and cars with a trailer (the maximum permitted weight of which is not more than 750 kg).
If the permitted maximum weight of the trailer exceeds 750 kilograms, then additional requirements are imposed on the composition of the vehicles:
1. The permissible maximum weight of the trailer must not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle.
2. The total permissible maximum weight of the vehicle and trailer must not exceed 3.5 tons.
Category "BE"
Category B vehicles coupled to a trailer whose permissible maximum weight exceeds 750 kilograms and exceeds the unladen weight of the vehicle; cars of category "B" coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles exceeds 3500 kilograms.
Category C
Cars, with the exception of category "D" cars, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms; cars of category "C", coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms.
Subcategory "C1"
Cars, with the exception of cars of category "D", the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms, but does not exceed 7500 kilograms; cars of subcategory "C1", coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms.
Drivers with main category C can also drive vehicles of subcategory C1.
Subcategory "C1E"
Vehicles of subcategory "C1" coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms.
Drivers with a senior CE category can also drive vehicles in the C1E category.
Category "D"
Motor vehicles designed to carry passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat; vehicles of category "D" coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms.
A category D driver's license allows you to drive buses of various sizes, regardless of their permissible maximum weight, as well as buses with a trailer whose maximum permissible weight does not exceed 750 kg. Heavier trailers also require a DE driving license.
Subcategory "D1"
Motor vehicles designed for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight but not more than sixteen seats in addition to the driver's seat; vehicles of subcategory "D1", coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms.
Subcategory "D1E"
Motor vehicles of subcategory "D1" coupled to a trailer that is not intended for the carriage of passengers, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, provided that the total permissible maximum mass of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms .
Please note that the trailer, firstly, should not be designed to transport passengers, and secondly, the total permissible maximum weight of the bus and trailer should not exceed 12 tons.
I note that drivers with category D can drive buses of category D1, and drivers with category DE can drive buses with a trailer of category D1E.
Category "M"
The new category M, introduced on November 5, 2013, allows you to drive mopeds and light quadricycles.
Drivers who do not have category M, but have any other category of driver's license, can also drive vehicles of category M.
note that the tractor driver's license does not allow driving mopeds.
Category "Tm" - trams; category "Tb" - trolleybuses;
Since 2015, special categories of driver's licenses are required to operate trams and trolleybuses. Previously, trolleybuses and trams were not allocated to separate categories of rights.
On April 1, 2014, new licenses began to be issued due to the emergence of new categories and subcategories of driver’s licenses. Most categories require separate training for them. Subcategories are automatically opened when the corresponding category is open. And drivers with a license of any category can drive vehicles of category M.
Classification and description of driving license categories in 2015
| Category and subcategory | Type of vehicle and its description |
|---|---|
| A | Motorcycles |
| A1 | Light motorcycles with engine power from 50 to 125 cc and maximum power up to 11 kW |
| IN | Cars with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.5 tons and a number of passenger seats of no more than 8 (in addition to the driver’s seat) |
| IN 1 | Tricycles and quadricycles |
| BE | Category B vehicles with a trailer weighing more than 750 kg |
| WITH | Vehicles with a permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons (except for vehicles of category “D”), including with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| C1 | Cars with a permissible maximum weight from 3.5 to 7.5 tons (except for cars of category “D”), including cars of subcategory “C1” with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| SE | Cars of category “C” with a trailer, the weight of which is from 750 kg to 3.5 tons |
| C1E | Vehicles of subcategory “C1” with a trailer whose weight is more than 750 kg, but does not exceed the weight of the vehicle without load, with a total weight of such a composition not exceeding 12 tons |
| D | Vehicles for transporting passengers with more than 8 passenger seats (in addition to the driver's seat), including those with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| D1 | Cars with 8-16 passenger seats (in addition to the driver’s seat), including cars of subcategory “D1” with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| DE | Cars of category “D” with a trailer weighing more than 750 kg up to 3.5 tons, as well as articulated buses |
| D1E | Vehicles of subcategory “D1” with a trailer whose weight is more than 750 kg, but does not exceed the weight of the vehicle without load, with a total weight of no more than 12 tons |
| M | Mopeds, scooters and quadricycles with engine capacity up to 50 cc |
| Tm | Trams |
| Tb | Trolleybuses |
The new 2015 driver's license must contain the following information:
- Full name, date and place of birth of the owner of the rights
- The date of issue of the certificate (4a) and its validity period (4b), as well as the code of the traffic police department that issued the certificate (4c)
- Driver's license series and number
- Place of registration of the certificate holder
- All open rights categories
- Color photograph of the ID holder (full face, without headdress, on a gray background) and his personal signature in special black ink
- On the reverse side there is a table with new 16 categories and subcategories of rights, more detailed information on each of the open categories (date of receipt of rights to manage this category, validity period, restrictions),
- barcode and special marks (for example, blood type, driving a vehicle only with glasses, etc.)
When do you need to change your old license to a new one?
There is no urgent need to change old rights to new ones. All previously issued driver's licenses are valid until the expiration date specified on them (licenses are issued to citizens of the Russian Federation for 10 years). But if desired, the driver can obtain a new license before the specified period.
Documents for replacing a driver's license
To replace your license, you must provide the traffic police with the originals of the following documents:
- passport or other identity document
- medical certificate form 083/U-89 and its photocopy
- old driver's license
- driver's card confirming completion of training (but most often not required)
There they take a photograph and give a receipt for payment of the state duty. From January 1, 2015, the state duty is 2,000 rubles. The new rights apply to the same categories that were originally opened, as well as to new subcategories. Category “M” opens automatically if you have rights of any category.
In addition, the new license may contain the “AT” mark, which allows driving a car with an automatic transmission, but prohibits driving a manual transmission. If there is no such mark, then control of both “mechanics” and “automatic” is allowed.
You receive your license on the same day. To save time, the procedure for replacing rights can be completed by registered users on the government services website.
When replacing a driver's license, no exams are taken!
In some countries, a driver's license, in addition to its direct purpose, is a substitute for other identification documents, such as a passport. There are plans to apply such rights in Russia as well. However, now the document only lists categories of driver's licenses that allow driving a certain type of transport.
Driving any type of transport regulated by the Traffic Rules must be carried out only with the appropriate supporting document. In the absence of a license, the driver will be fined according to the current scale from 5 to 30 thousand rubles.
After the introduction of new categories in the driver’s license, the appearance of the document also underwent changes. In addition to the fact that the decoding of all categories of the new driver’s license is indicated on the plastic in the form of schematic icons, the expiration date of each of these categories for the owner is also indicated.
The new rights contain the following information:
- title of the document on the front side;
- last name, first name and patronymic of the document owner;
- dates of receipt and expiration of rights;
- place and date of birth;
- name of the authority that issued the document;
- photo and signature of the owner;
- a list of categories of transport and marks of admission to these categories of the license holder;
- encoded information to be read using a scanner.
Driver license
Entries are made in letters of the Russian alphabet. The information is also duplicated in Latin so that the document can be used abroad. Categories and subcategories of transport are indicated only in Latin letters and Arabic numerals.
Decoding the symbols on a driver's license
In addition to the name of the document, on the front side there is a designation of the country that issued it (RUS). On the left side there is a 3x4 cm color photo of the owner. The photograph should not contain a headdress or other objects that distort perception. Relaxation in head covering for believers is allowed, while maintaining the appearance of the oval face. Also, drivers with poor vision in the photo may have glasses with non-tinted lenses. To confirm receipt of the license, the driver puts his signature on the document.
The owner's last name, first name and signature are printed in capital letters of the Russian alphabet. Under each Russian word, the text is also duplicated in capital Latin characters. This rule also applies to the place of birth.
Front side of driver's license
Since rights are issued for a limited period (10 years), lines 4 a) and 4 b) indicate the time interval during which the document is valid. After its expiration, it must be renewed. You cannot use expired rights. Paragraph 4c) indicates the place of issue of the document.
The fifth paragraph contains the series and number of the certificate. This data is duplicated on the back side of the right below.
The penultimate line indicates the region of residence of the driver, and below it the codes of the categories and subcategories allowed to drive.
On the reverse side, on the left side, there is a barcode with additional information about the driver. To read it you will need a scanner.
The main area of the back side is occupied by the table. We will talk further about what the categories in the new rights mean. The first column contains category/subcategory labels and corresponding transport icons. The second column (column 10) contains the period from which the driver is allowed to drive the selected category of transport. The third column (column 11) indicates the expiration date of the rights. In the last column (column 12), additions can be made, for example, if the driver can only drive a car with an automatic transmission (AT).
Column 14, located below the table, may contain general information relating to all categories, for example, indicating driving experience.
Back of driver's license
Current categories in rights
After 2014, when changes to the traffic rules came into force, many drivers had a question about which cars can be driven with category B, because in addition to the old designation, subcategory B1 appeared. In addition to this innovation, other subcategories and categories of vehicles were added to the list. In total, 16 types of vehicles were allocated for passenger cars and trucks, excluding special vehicles.
"A"– with this category open, drivers are allowed to drive motorcycles (two-wheeled vehicles (TS) with or without a side trailer). Vehicles with three or four wheels and a total weight of up to 0.4 tons are allowed in this category.
"A1"– holders of this category receive more limited rights than in the previous paragraph. The vehicle must have an engine capacity of 50-125 cm 3 and a maximum of 11 kW of power. In fact, modern “scooters” fall under A1. If drivers have an older category A license, a new subcategory A1 opens automatically.
"B"– this mark on the license allows you to drive a passenger car weighing up to 3.5 tons and limits the number of seats in the cabin to 8 units, excluding the driver’s seat. An additional right is to attach a trailer weighing more than 0.750 tons to such a vehicle, but the weight of the trailer should not exceed the weight of the vehicle, and the total weight of the pair is limited to 3.5 tons. According to the current traffic regulations, a trailer is usually called a vehicle that is not equipped with a power unit.
"B1"– such a clause in the driver’s license allows driving a car on three or four wheels, and the weight of an empty vehicle is limited to 0.550 tons. In such a car, the manufacturer must set the speed limiter at 50 km/h. Also, the engine volume should not be more than 50 cm3. The driver’s data is not taken into account when calculating the weight and the battery of an electric vehicle is not taken into account. However, the total weight includes a full tank of fuel and the remaining lubricants and coolants. The presence of this category allows the owner to drive a tricycle or quadricycle. At the same time, the latter vehicle has a significant difference from an ATV, in which the motorcycle sits in a seat and is controlled by a steering wheel similar to a motorcycle.
"BE"– allows driving a car described in category “B”, but in this case the weight of the trailer is allowed to be more than 0.750 tons, although the total weight of such a design is also limited to 3.5 tons.
"WITH"– the new traffic regulations tell us which cars can be driven with category C. Such vehicles include trucks weighing only more than 3.5 tons and the possibility of additional coupling with trailers more than 0.750 tons. The limit on the carriage of passengers is 8 people excluding the driver.
"C1"– a mark about this category gives the driver the right to drive a car with a mass of 3.5-7.5 tons and to couple with a trailer up to 0.750 tons. The category also does not provide any additional privileges for passengers.
"C1E"– a driver with this category can travel in a vehicle weighing 3.5-7.5 tons with a trailer weighing more than 0.750 tons, but the total weight of such rolling stock is limited to 12 tons.
"D"– such an authorized item on the driver’s license makes it possible to drive a vehicle with more than 8 passengers. Almost all large buses fall into this category. According to the rules of this category, trailers with a mass of less than 0.750 tons can also be attached to them.
"D1"– the subcategory has been reduced in the permitted number of passengers in the cabin. The number of equipped seats in the cabin should allow the carriage of from 8 to 16 “seated” passengers. A trailer up to 0.750 t is allowed. When “D” is open, “D1” opens automatically.
"DE"– for drivers with this category, you can attach a trailer weighing from 0.750 tons to 3.5 tons to the bus described in paragraph “D”. Also included in this description are “accordion” buses that have an articulation.
"D1E"– with this designation, a bus trailer can be more than 0.750 tons, but a general limit on the weight of the train is set at 12 tons. There should be no people in the trailer while driving. When you open "DE", the subcategory "D1E" is assigned automatically.
"E"– the position is excluded from modern rules, and its functions are redistributed between the main categories as additions.
"M"– a mark on your license makes it possible to legally drive mopeds and light quadricycles. Often it is opened in parallel when opening any other category.
"Tm", "Tb"– with such positions in a modern driver’s license you can drive trams and trolleybuses. These items were transferred from special marks to full-fledged categories.
Obtaining a driver's license of any category
You can obtain the right to drive a vehicle in Russia only after studying at a driving school and successfully passing exams. They consist of theoretical and practical parts.
To enroll in training, all you need to do is submit documents, pay for courses, and then fill out and sign an agreement. A mandatory document for starting training is a medical certificate of form 083/u-89. The document is a strict reporting form, so no replacements can be found for it.
After completing the training, you must pass three mandatory exams. The first is testing theoretical knowledge, the second is practice at the training ground, the third is practice in urban conditions. It is in this sequence that the delivery is carried out.
In the theoretical part, the exam is conducted on a computer, where you need to answer 20 questions correctly in 20 minutes. A successful result is a result with no more than two errors. If there are three or more incorrect answers, the student is not allowed to participate in the practical part.
In the closed area designated for exams, you must correctly start, stop, drive backwards, and also between the bollards, without touching them or knocking them down. After a successful race, you can go with an instructor to urban conditions. There, the student should not receive more than 5 penalty points.
The applicant may be given 7 days to retake the theoretical part. He can also receive a refusal in writing, which, according to the procedure, can be appealed to the judicial authorities.
If all the requirements for passing the exams are met successfully, then you can pay the state fee and have your photo taken for your license at the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate. Half an hour after the photo, a driver's license is issued. They are limited to 10 years.
Age for obtaining a driver's license
Motorcycles and scooters falling under categories “A1” and “M” can be driven if you have a license from the age of 16. For categories “A”, “B”, “C” and subcategories “B1” and “C1”, you must be 18 years old. A relief for “B” is the possibility of studying from the age of 17, but you can get a certificate only when you turn 18.
For “D”, “D1”, “Tm”, “Tb” study is allowed only after 21 years of age, and everything that has the prefix “E” can be obtained after managing the main category for 12 months. “C1E” and “D1E” can be activated after open “C” and “D” or “C1” and “D1”.
