| Engine | 1.2l, 8-cl. | 1.2l, 8-cl. | 1.3l, 8-cl. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length, mm | 4073 | 4043 | 4043 |
| Width, mm | 1611 | 1611 | 1611 |
| Height, mm | 1440 | 1440 | 1440 |
| Wheelbase, mm | 2424 | 2424 | 2424 |
| Front track, mm | 1349 | 1349 | 1349 |
| Rear track, mm | 1305 | 1305 | 1305 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 170 | 170 | 170 |
| Minimum trunk volume, l | 325 | 325 | 325 |
| Body type/number of doors | Sedan/4 | ||
| Engine location | Front, longitudinal | ||
| Engine capacity, cm 3 | 1198 | 1198 | 1300 |
| Cylinder type | Row | ||
| Number of cylinders | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 66 | 66 | 66 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 76 | 76 | 79 |
| Compression ratio | 8,5 | 8,5 | 8,5 |
| Number of valves per cylinder | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Supply system | Carburetor | ||
| Power, hp/rev. min. | 64/5600 | 64/5600 | 70/5600 |
| Torque | 89/3400 | 89/3400 | 96/3400 |
| Fuel type | AI-92 | AI-92 | AI-92 |
| Drive unit | Rear | Rear | Rear |
| Gearbox type / number of gears | Manual/4 | Manual/4 | Manual/4 |
| Gear ratio of the main pair | 4,3 | 4,1 | 4,1 |
| Front suspension type | Double wishbone | ||
| Rear suspension type | Helical spring | ||
| Steering type | Worm gear | ||
| Fuel tank volume, l | 39 | 39 | 39 |
| Maximum speed, km/h | 140 | 142 | 145 |
| Vehicle curb weight, kg | 955 | 955 | 955 |
| Permissible total weight, kg | 1355 | 1355 | 1355 |
| Tires | 155 SR13 | 165/70 SR13 | 155 SR13 |
| Acceleration time (0-100 km/h), s | 22 | 20 | 18 |
| Fuel consumption in the urban cycle, l | 9,4 | 9,4 | 11 |
| Fuel consumption in the extra-urban cycle, l | 6,9 | 6,9 | 8 |
| Fuel consumption in the combined cycle, l | 9,2 | 9,2 | - |
Brief description and history
It is the VAZ 2101 that is the oldest model of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant, with which the history of the domestic automobile industry began. On April 19, 1970, the first small car rolled off the plant's assembly line. The model was based on the Fiat 124 of the 1966 model year. In fact, the first “kopecks” were practically Italian cars, because The technical characteristics of the VAZ 2101 and Fait 124 were not much different from each other: a 1.2-liter engine and an entry-level interior trim. There was practically no difference between the cars.
Subsequently, domestic car designers significantly improved the design of the car to suit the operating conditions in our country. The ground clearance has been increased because... The quality of the road surface did not always allow travel with convenience and comfort. The body and suspension were significantly strengthened, thereby improving the technical characteristics of the VAZ 2101. The rear disc brakes from Fiat were replaced with drum brakes. This was explained by their durability and resistance to dust and dirt, which was always enough.
Almost everything has undergone changes, including the engine design. The distance between the cylinders was increased (this made it possible to bore the diameter of the cylinders), the camshaft was moved to the cylinder head. In addition to the engine, changes were made to the clutch, gearbox, and rear suspension. As a result, the weight of the car increased by 90 kg. In total, there were more than 800 changes and differences in the design of the VAZ 2101.
From 1970 to 1986, about three million VAZ 2101 cars were assembled at the plant. 19 years after the car left the assembly line, the first commercial copy took pride of place in the AvtoVAZ museum.
Tuning VAZ 2101
Everyone knows that the VAZ 2101, or in common parlance “Kopeyka”, copied the external features and technical features from the Italian Fiat-124 model of 1966. Of course, all materials for production were used only Soviet ones.
The first stage of the plant was put into operation on March 24, 1971 and was designed to produce 220,000 cars per year. The following year, AvtoVAZ doubled its production capacity.
The VAZ-2101 was created as a low-power car (four-cylinder engine capacity was 1.2 liters; power - 62 hp at 600 rpm; maximum speed - 140 km/h) and with a relatively low price, so that everyone could afford to buy a legendary car.
Compared to the Italian prototype, the VAZ-2101 acquired rear drum brakes (instead of disc brakes), which were more durable and resistant to dirt. According to the characteristics of our roads, the ground clearance was also increased, the body and suspension were strengthened. In all subsequent years, the VAZ model was refined and subjected to modifications. But even in this (pristine) form, the VAZ-2101 was produced until 1982 and became a truly “people's” car.
Characteristics of VAZ 2101
Domestic car designers paid special attention to modifications to the VAZ 2101 for more comfortable operating conditions in our country. As you know, the road surface in Russia is significantly different from Italy, so the body and suspension were significantly strengthened, which improved the technical characteristics of the VAZ 2101. The rear disc brakes from Fiat were replaced with drum ones. This was explained by their durability and resistance to dust and dirt, for which Soviet roadways were famous.
Almost everything has changed, and most importantly, the engine design. Automotive designers increased the distance between the cylinders (this made it possible to bore the diameter of the cylinders) and moved the camshaft to the cylinder head. Changes also affected the clutch, gearbox, and rear suspension. As a result, the weight of the car increased by 90 kg. In total, there were more than 800 changes and differences in the design of the VAZ 2101.
From 1970 to 1986, the plant produced almost three million VAZ 2101 cars. When 19 years passed after the car was released, the AvtoVAZ Museum was replenished with a new attraction - the VAZ-2101.
Technical parameters of VAZ 2101
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Engine |
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Length, mm |
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Width, mm |
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Height, mm |
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Wheelbase, mm |
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Front track, mm |
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Rear track, mm |
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Ground clearance, mm |
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Minimum trunk volume, l |
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Body type/number of doors |
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Engine location |
Front, longitudinal |
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Engine volume, cm3 |
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Cylinder type |
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Number of cylinders |
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Piston stroke, mm |
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Cylinder diameter, mm |
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Compression ratio |
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Number of valves per cylinder |
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Supply system |
Carburetor |
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Power, hp/rev. min. |
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Torque |
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Fuel type |
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Gearbox type / number of gears |
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Gear ratio of the main pair |
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Front suspension type |
Double wishbone |
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Rear suspension type |
Helical spring |
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Steering type |
Worm gear |
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Fuel tank volume, l |
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Maximum speed, km/h |
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Vehicle curb weight, kg |
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Permissible total weight, kg |
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Acceleration time (0-100 km/h), s |
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Fuel consumption in the urban cycle, l |
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Fuel consumption in the extra-urban cycle, l |
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Fuel consumption in the combined cycle, l |
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Modifications of VAZ-2101
Mass production of VAZ-2101:
VAZ-2101 “Zhiguli” - initial version, 1.2 liter engine. (1970-1983);
VAZ-21011 “Zhiguli-1300” - the so-called “zero eleven” - the main changes occurred in the modification of the body. This car was equipped with an excellent radiator grille with more frequent vertical bars; four additional slots appeared in the lower part of the front panel for better air flow to the radiator of the cooling system. The bumpers lost their “fangs” and were replaced with rubber pads around the perimeter. On the rear pillars of the VAZ-21011, special exhaust ventilation holes for the interior began to be located, which were covered with original grilles; brake lights and turn indicators received reflectors. They began to install a reversing light on the car (1974-1983). The interior has also undergone changes, which have become more comfortable, as well as ashtrays, for which they found a new place on the door panels. The corrugated silver inserts on the dashboard have given way to woodgrain inserts, and the steering wheel has lost its chrome ring. In addition to this, the modification received a more powerful 69-horsepower engine with a displacement of 1.3 liters.
VAZ-21013 “Lada-1200s” - differs from the VAZ-21011 with a VAZ-2101 engine of lower power (displacement 1.2 l) (1977-1988);
Right-hand drive VAZ-2101:
For export to countries with left-hand traffic, the Volga Automobile Plant has mastered the production of two versions of the Zhiguli - VAZ-21012 and VAZ-21014 (based on the VAZ-2101 and VAZ-21011). They were distinguished by a reinforced suspension spring for the right front wheel, since when the controls were moved to the right side, the distribution of the vehicle’s weight turned out to be uneven. The car was produced during 1974-1982.
Low-volume VAZ-2101:
VAZ-21015 "Karat" - a modification for special services, equipped with an engine.
VAZ-2106, additional gas tank, rear suspension springs from VAZ-2102, points for installing special equipment.
VAZ-21018 - VAZ-311 rotary engine (single-section), 70 hp. With.;
VAZ-21019 - VAZ-411 rotary engine (two-section), 120 hp. With.;
VAZ-2101 pickup - a variant with a pickup body, which had a load capacity of 250-300 kg.
Special VAZ-2101:
VAZ-2101-94 - this modification was a VAZ-2101, equipped with a 1.5 liter engine from the VAZ-2103. The car was primarily intended for the police and special services.
VAZ-21016 - VAZ-2101 body with a 1.3 liter VAZ-21011 engine.
The export version of the car was called Lada 1200. More than 57,000 cars were sent to the countries of the Socialist Commonwealth. Production of the VAZ-2101 and VAZ-21011 cars was discontinued in 1983, due to increased production of the new VAZ-2105 model. Then they began to produce only a modification of the VAZ-21013, the production of which was completed only in 1988.
VAZ 2101 and VAZ 2102, data on body geometry and control points VAZ 2101, 2102 (Zhiguli), repair methods, welding points for body parts, everything is taken from the factory documentation.
Body parts
1 – front panel;
2 – front spar;
3 – headlight casing;
4 – front wing;
5 – hood;
6 – front panel;
7 – air supply box;
8 – sidewall;
9 – wind window frame;
10 – lower cross member of the panel
devices;
11 – roof panel;
12 – rear window frame panel;
13 – roof side panel;
14 – rear partition frame with shelf;
15 – rear panel;
16 – lower rear cross member;
17 – trunk lid;
18 – rear wing;
19 – rear floor spar;
20 – rear wheel arch;
21 – trunk floor;
22 – trunk floor cross member;
23 – rear floor cross member;
24 – front floor;
25 – front pillar amplifier;
26 – mudguard;
27 – mudguard stand
Main sections of the body (side view of the body)
Main sections of the body (top view of the body)
The main dimensions of the VAZ 2101, 2102 (Zhiguli) body for checking the attachment points of the units:
0 – baseline;
1 – upper radiator mount;
2 – fastening the steering gear housing and the pendulum lever;
3 – axis of the brake and clutch pedals;
4 – center of the steering mechanism;
5 – center of the rear wheel;
6 – mounting of rear suspension shock absorbers;
7 – rear muffler mount;
8 – front muffler mount;
9 – fastening of the transverse rod of the rear suspension;
10 – rear wheel axle;
11 – fastening of the upper longitudinal rods of the rear suspension;
12 – fastening of the lower longitudinal rods of the rear suspension;
13 – center of the front wheel;
14 – attachment points for the front suspension cross member;
15 – mounting of the anti-roll bar;
16 – lower radiator mount;
17 – car axle;
18 – upper radiator mount;
19 – rear mount of the power unit;
20 – hand brake mount;
21 – fastening of the cardan shaft support;
22 – mounting of rear suspension shock absorbers
A significant part of body repair work occurs on damaged vehicles, which, in most cases, require checking the geometry of the attachment points of components and assemblies of the vehicle chassis.
Check points for checking the body floor of VAZ 2101, 2102 (Zhiguli)
1 – intersection of the axes of the front anti-roll bar mounting bolts with the surfaces of the side members;
2 – center of the axes of the lower bolts securing the steering gear housing and the pendulum arm bracket;
3 – intersection of the centers of the front technological holes of the front floor side members with the surfaces of the side members;
4 – intersection of the rear technological holes of the front floor side members with the surfaces of the side members;
5 – center of the axes of the bolts for fastening the lower longitudinal rods;
6 – center of the axes of the bolts for fastening the upper longitudinal rods;
7 – intersection of the axis of the crossbar mounting bolt with the body bracket;
8 – intersection of the center of the rear technological hole of the central reinforcement of the rear floor with the surface of the amplifier;
9 – center of the axles of the front anti-roll bar mounting bolts;
10 – intersection of the centers of the axes of the lower bolts of the steering gear housing and the pendulum arm bracket with the surfaces of the side member mudguards;
11 – center of the front technological holes of the front floor side members;
12 – center of the rear technological holes of the front floor side members;
13 – intersection of the axes of the bolts for fastening the lower longitudinal rods with the outer surfaces of the body brackets;
14 – intersection of the axes of the bolts for fastening the upper longitudinal rods with the outer surfaces of the middle side members;
15 – intersection of the axis of the crossbar mounting bolt with the body bracket;
16 – center of the rear technological hole of the rear floor amplifier;
17 – longitudinal axis of the car;
0 – reference line
Using the control points of the body floor, you can, without dismantling the chassis components and assemblies, check the position of the floor elements during installation.
Control dimensions of door openings
The diagonal dimensions of the front and rear door openings shown in the figure must, respectively, be equal to 1273 ± 2 mm and 983 ± 2 mm.
The distance between the posts from the centers of the links of the upper fixed hinges to the opposite posts of the openings, in the center of the door lock latches, must be equal: for the front door opening 889±2 mm, for the rear door – 819±2 mm. From the centers of the links of the lower fixed hinges to the opposite pillars of the door openings, in the center of the lock latches, the distances must correspond to: for the front door opening - 926 ± 2 mm, for the rear door - 863 ± 2 mm.
Reference linear dimensions between the central pillars of VAZ 2101, 2102 (Zhiguli)
Control dimensions of the body: openings of the wind window and hood of VAZ 2101, 2102 (Zhiguli)
Control dimensions of the body: rear window openings and trunk lid of VAZ 2101, 2102 (Zhiguli)
The diagonal dimensions of the window openings should be: for the wind window 1375±4 mm, for the rear window - 1322 4–2 mm.
The distance between the flanges of the window openings along the axis of the car must be equal, respectively, for the windshield 537 3 mm, for the rear - 509 3 mm.
The diagonal dimensions should be equal for the hood opening 1547±4 mm, for the trunk lid - 1446 4–2 mm. The width of the openings along the axis of the car must correspond to: for the hood opening - 876 ± 4 mm and for the trunk lid - 601 ± 1 mm.
The difference in the diagonal dimensions of the wind window opening, as well as the openings of the rear window, hood, and trunk lid of one body, should not exceed 2 mm.
Unevenness of the gap (taper) of no more than 1.5 mm, protrusion of the front surfaces, relatively fixed, by no more than 2 mm are allowed.
Front fender welding areas
Rear wing welding areas
Welding lines for roof and front panels
Welding lines for roof and rear panels
The dots indicate resistance welding seams. Arrows indicate gas welding points.
Repair of deformed surfaces
Deformed surfaces are repaired by mechanical or thermal action on the metal, as well as by filling dents with quick-hardening plastics or solder.
The dented parts of the feathers are straightened, as a rule, manually using special tools (metal, plastic, wooden hammers and various mandrels) and devices.
Straightening with heating is used for upsetting (pulling) highly stretched surfaces of panels. To prevent sudden swelling and deterioration of mechanical properties, the panels are heated to 600–650 ° C (cherry-red color). The diameter of the heated spot should be no more than 20–30 mm.
Tighten the surface as follows:
– using gas welding, from the periphery to the center of the defective area, heat the metal and, with blows of a wooden mallet and hammer, upset the heated areas using a flat support or an anvil;
– repeat the heating and settling operations until a smooth panel surface is obtained.
Unevenness in panels can be smoothed out using polyester putties, thermoplastics, cold-curing epoxy mastics and solder.
Polyester putties form reliable connections with panels that have been stripped down to bare metal. They are two-component materials: an unsaturated polyester resin and a hardener, which is a catalyst for rapid hardening of the mixture, regardless of the thickness of the putty layer. Drying time at a temperature of 20° C is 15–20 minutes. Therefore, the duration of applying the putty is reduced and there is no need to apply it in several layers.
Thermoplastic is available in powder form. Thermoplastic acquires the elastic properties necessary for applying it to the metal surface of the panel at 150–160° C.
The surface to be filled must be thoroughly cleaned of rust, scale, old paint and other contaminants.
For better adhesion, it is recommended to create roughness on the surface using an abrasive tool. To apply thermoplastic, the area to be leveled is heated to 170–180 ° C and the first thin layer of powder is applied, which is rolled with a metal roller. Then a second layer is applied, and so on, until the unevenness is filled. Each layer is rolled until a monolithic layer of plastic mass is obtained. After hardening, the layer is cleaned and leveled with a metal circle.
Corroded areas of body panels can be repaired with cold-curing epoxy mastics, which have high adhesion, sufficient strength and are easy to apply to damaged areas. The composition of mastics includes hardeners, plasticizers (to increase the plasticity of the resin and the impact strength of the hardened epoxy composition), fillers (to reduce the shrinkage of the resin and bring the coefficients of thermal expansion of the resin and metal closer together).
Solders POSSu 18 or POSSu 20 are used to level areas previously filled with solder, to build up the edges of parts and to eliminate gaps. To prevent corrosion, it is better to use an acid-free method of applying solder.
In case of significant damage, the panels are replaced with new ones using resistance welding and electric welding in a shielding gas environment.
Most often, when repairing the frame, replacement of the wings, front and rear panels is required. Methods for replacing and repairing these parts can be used as a basis for repairing other parts of the frame, and knowledge of the location of the welds is necessary.
Almost all modern sedan-type cars are equipped with a monocoque body, the VAZ 2101 is no exception in this case. What does a monocoque body mean, you ask? This means that the steel body box is not only a comfortable container for passengers, the driver and their luggage, but also “carries” (and in itself) all the elements, components and assemblies of the car.
The body of the VAZ 2101 perceives not only the static loads of the elements attached to it, it also resists their influence during movement (in dynamics). This property of the car frame is called torsional rigidity, which on a “penny” is about 7300 Nm/deg.
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This indicator of the strength and rigidity of the VAZ 2101 body is greatly influenced by the condition of its bottom, sills and roof, which are interconnected by the front panel, pillars of door and window openings, and the transverse panel of the luggage compartment. You can verify for yourself the integrity of the geometry, and therefore the general condition of your car, by taking the dimensions of the VAZ 2101 body with your own hands and checking them with the data contained in the car repair instructions.
| 0 | Car base line |
| 1 | Radiator mount, upper |
| 2 | Pendulum arm and steering gear housing |
| 3 | Center of the control pedal axis |
| 4 | Steering mechanism center axis |
| 5 | Rear wheel center axis |
| 6 | Rear shock absorber mounting |
| 7 | Muffler, rear mount |
| 8 | Muffler, front mounting |
| 9 | Lateral thrust |
| 10 | Rear wheel center axis |
| 11 | Upper longitudinal rods |
| 12 | Lower longitudinal rods |
| 13 | Front wheel center axis |
| 14 | Front cross member mounting locations |
| 15 | Anti-roll bar |
| 16 | Radiator bracket |
| 17 | Body axle center |
| 18 | Radiator, top mount |
| 19 | Rear engine mount |
| 20 | Hand brake |
| 21 | Cardan shaft support |
| 22 | Rear shock absorber |
| 0 | Horizon |
| 1 | The axis of the bolts of the front stabilizer mounts is at the intersection of the axis of the surface of the side members |
| 2 | The axis of the bolts from the bottom of the fastening of the steering mechanism housing and the “pendulum” bracket |
| 3 | Intersection of technological holes in the front part of the bottom with side members |
| 4 | The intersection of technological holes with the rear holes of the front side members |
| 5 | Axle of bolts of longitudinal lower links |
| 6 | Axle of bolts of longitudinal upper links |
| 7 | Upper Tie Rod Bolt |
| 8 | Rear axis of the bottom reinforcement hole/surface of the amplifier |
| 9 | Front stabilizer bolt axis |
| 10 | Intersection of position No. 2 with the spar mudguard |
| 11 | Position No. 3 top view |
| 12 | Position No. 4 top view |
| 13 | Position No. 5/outer surface of the body bracket |
| 14 | Position No. 6/outer surface of the middle spar |
| 15 | Position No. 7, top view |
| 16 | Position No. 8, center of those holes in the bottom reinforcement |
| 17 | Central longitudinal axis of the body |
What follows from the above? And the fact that body fatigue directly affects not only the control points of attachment of components and assemblies, which are shown in the VAZ 2101 body diagram outlined above, it also manifests itself in the “purity” of the geometry of its side and front openings. The dynamic distribution of loads throughout the body occurs as follows: from the suspension elements at the front, vibration and shocks pass to the cross member and then to the sub-engine frame, and then to the area of the mudguards and the front shield, which are already load-bearing elements of the body. At the rear, approximately the same picture occurs, only in a shorter form, that is, without the participation of mounting the power unit, directly from the suspension to the car body.
VAZ 2101 body diagram
As you understand, with this type of body and the operation of its suspension, an important role in the stability and safety of the car is played by what the car frame itself is made of. It is clear that the more we strengthen the weak points of the body, the stiffer and more stable it will be, but this is the whole point of the trick question: how much does the body of the VAZ 2101 weigh?
By strengthening the car frame, we increase its mass, thereby increasing the load on its structural parts. Vicious circle? Not at all, which is why smart people in institutes teach such a science as strength of materials, after studying which design engineers rationally selected the thickness of materials, their aspect ratio and cross-section. Ultimately, all these factors helped to obtain a high-strength frame of the VAZ 2101.
| 1 | 0.7 mm – hood |
| 2 | 1.0 mm – mudguards |
| 3 | 1.0 mm – front panel |
| 4 | 0.9 mm – floor front |
| 5 | 0.9 mm – roof |
| 6 | 0.9 mm – floor, back |
| 7 | 0.7 mm – trunk |
| 8 | 0.7 mm – rear tail |
| 9 | 0.7 mm – door panels outside |
| 10 | 0.9 mm – thresholds |
| 11 | 0.9 mm – front “tail” |
To save weight and reduce costs, non-load-bearing parts (luggage compartment lids and engine compartment) are made of thinner metal. The thickness of the steel sheets from which the most important elements for the strength of the body are composed is about one millimeter, which is no less (one might even say more) than that of other modern cars of a similar class.
The front and rear “tail” of the “penny” are welded to the body, which allowed them to be included on equal terms in the supporting structure of the car, which also contributed to reducing its weight, which is 955 kilograms.
But this is its total weight; the following layout will help us find out how much the body of the VAZ 2101 weighs:
- 140 kilograms - the weight of the power unit with attachments;
- 26 kilograms – gearbox;
- 10 kilograms – cardan shaft;
- 52 kilograms – rear axle;
- 7 kilograms – radiator;
- 280 kilograms is the actual weight of the VAZ 2101 body.
It's not a particularly impressive number. And if we multiply it by all the cars produced over all the years of production (from 1970 to 1988) in the amount of 4.85 million? Agree, every gram saved plays a significant role here!
But it's not that simple. The durability of the body does not lie in the thickness of the metal sheet from which it is made, it depends on how well the anti-corrosion protection was carried out at the manufacturer (in our case, by the owner himself).
As a rule, after welding operations, before the paint booth, the VAZ 2101 body was subjected to phosphatization, during which its entire surface was exposed to a chemically resistant phosphate film. In addition to this, the result was secured with a layer of primer applied using electrophoresis, which allowed the primer layer to create an even coating in the most difficult to reach areas. The bottom of the car, in turn, was covered with a layer of special durable mastic, which reliably protected it from the effects of an aggressive external environment.
All of the above in the coupe contributed to the fact that the VAZ 2101 became popular not only in its time, but confidently “holds the brand” of a reliable hard worker to this day.
By the way, the “penny” was one of the first cars of the famous Formula 1 pilot Kimi Raikkonen, whose father was extremely attached to it for its unpretentiousness and reliability.
