For many years, a car has been considered the most popular transport on our planet: it is convenient, compact, and with its help you can quickly get to the right place. It’s hard to imagine modern life without vehicles. But let's figure out why you need a car?
First cars
Since humanity invented the wheel, new means of transportation began to appear: various carts, carts, carriages, and chariots. But they could not move independently; they were always pulled by strong and hardy animals: horses, oxen, donkeys.
The most distant ancestor of modern cars was the steam engine. It was created in France in 1769, and it was called the “Cugnot Cart”.
She looked very awkward and bulky. In addition, the first steam engine could not boast of high-speed driving, and moved no more than 8 km. at one o'clock.
Rice. 1. Cugno cart.
Only a hundred years later a new engine was invented that could run on gasoline. A car with such an engine had no roof, and its wheels were more like bicycle wheels. However, he could develop impressive speed and easily overtake horsemen and carriages.
With this invention, the era of automobile manufacturing began, which continues to actively develop to this day.
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At first, a car was a luxury item because only very rich people could afford to buy it. Only after large automobile factories were built and production of a new type of transport began, the car began to conquer the whole world.
Variety of cars
For many years the car has not lost its popularity as a means of transport. At the beginning of the twentieth century, several of its main types were identified:
- Cars - a very convenient and comfortable type of personal transport, which many families have. With its help, you can not only quickly move from one destination to another, but also transport heavy or bulky objects yourself.
- Buses or public transport - necessary for transporting passengers in city conditions. A bus is considered a passenger car that has 9 or more seats and 2-3 wide doors. In large cities, buses consisting of a main vehicle and a trailer connected by a flexible passage are very popular.
Rice. 2. Buses.
- Trucks - large vehicles, which most often have a special body in which heavy loads are transported.
- - a special form of machine with a very powerful engine that can reach absolutely incredible speeds - more than 400 km. at one o'clock. They can only be driven on special tracks - you won’t see such cars in the city.
Rice. 3. Racing cars.
Most cars run on gasoline, the emissions of which greatly pollute the environment. In large cities, where there are a lot of cars, gas pollution reaches a critical level. This has a very bad effect on nature and human health. Therefore, recently they began to produce cars that use not combustible fuel, but solar energy or electricity.
What have we learned?
When studying the topic on the environment program for 1st grade, we found out what the first cars looked like and how they differed from modern cars. We also learned why people need these vehicles.
Test on the topic
Evaluation of the report
Average rating: 3.9. Total ratings received: 87.
Since humanity invented the wheel, more and more new means of transportation have appeared, for which in some cases this very wheel no longer is needed. Why do we need a car nowadays?
Transportation to the desired destination in a short time
First of all, it is a means of transportation that can take you from one point to another much faster than you can do it on foot. In addition to cars, of course, there are many other means of transportation - bicycles, motorcycles, ATVs, mopeds. But here a second point is added, explaining why a car is needed. In addition to transporting a person, a car can also transport related things that this person must transport from one point to another along with him. If we are talking about something bulky, but which can fit on a passenger car, it is natural that this cargo will most likely be difficult to transport using a bicycle. If the load is even larger, larger trucks are invented. You can transport, say, furniture from your apartment in them, and this, in principle, fully explains why cars of this type are needed.
Also, compared to two-wheeled vehicles, the car will be much warmer if this property is necessary (depending on the region of residence, a convertible is suitable for southerners). A stove is installed in cars, that is, it is possible to avoid freezing in the cold winter when moving from one city to another, by heating a small but
Everything is elementary
If you need to move yourself, use a bicycle.
You need to move yourself, but much faster - use a motorcycle.
You need to move yourself, and also take with you your wife, father-in-law, mother-in-law, three dogs and two bags of potatoes - we use a car.
If you need to transport a wardrobe, refrigerator, washing machine, two broken sofas, you need a cargo option.
The need for a personal car
Of course, why you need a car is relevant if this happens all the time. The word “it” means transporting someone or something somewhere. If trips of such a plan are made once a month, every six months or even once every two years, there is no need for a car. It will be cheaper and easier to use the services of a taxi, both passenger and cargo. There are already garages for their cars - there is no need to spend anything on renting additional land or building a separate room for storing cars. There is no need to spend money on technical inspections and repairs. You just order the same thing for reasonable money. Yes, you will not drive yourself, but at the same time the main function that is required in this case from the car - delivering you to your address - will be performed.
Special purpose vehicles
There is transport, which is simply vital and completely explains why cars are needed. The information in this case concerns special vehicles - ambulance, fire truck, etc.
Theoretically, moving a doctor with a machine is more likely to guarantee the patient's survival. But there's not much humor in a joke about who's more likely to arrive, a pizza delivery person or an ambulance.
Harm to the environment: air pollution reaches critical levels
In big cities, the question often arises as to why a car is needed, because the answer there will most likely be a sarcastic “to get stuck in traffic jams.”
Too much saturation of roads with vehicles with flammable fuel leads to more problems than to solving them. In addition to the fact that you will not reach your destination at the agreed time, you will also negatively affect the external environment, and therefore your health. Gas pollution in large cities reaches critical levels. Why do we need cars if they do more harm than good?
A way to show others your wealth or a real need?
And, of course, we can mention the main factor that motivates many people to undertake any activity at all. Buying a huge house, a luxurious fur coat for the wife, building a swimming pool in the yard, the mother-in-law vacationing in the Caribbean - all this is done for the “show off”. You have the latest model of iPhone, you are cool, incredibly cool, when you go with it to illuminate the road to the wooden outhouse behind your dilapidated house. Whether in ancient times or now, people have always loved to show off, and this is done, most often, for the stolen money of those to whom they later show off.
Same with cars. Why do we need cars, photos of which are presented below?
This is essentially a classic. Machines that have survived a huge amount of time are reminders of how mechanical engineering developed. But later, a car of this kind often ends up in some oligarch’s backyard as an expensive decoration.
A similar topic is related to why a business class car is needed. His appearance should seem to say to others: “Look what a cool car I have, you’ll never earn enough for one like that.” A representative car for those who, having huge sums of money, want to show it off to everyone around them. Victims of marketing and consumer syndrome, nothing more. For domestic roads, no business class is needed. Here is the best option for a car that can really handle all the obstacles along the way.
Well, except for the tank, of course.
Instructions
The words “car” and “automobile” most often mean a vehicle owned by a person. Whether to have one is a personal matter for everyone, since owning it involves quite significant expenses: on fuel, maintenance, storage, fines, taxes, etc. But the main thing is that the internal energy of the fuel is spent very irrationally. Per person, moving “from point A to point B,” even in a small car, will require significantly more fuel than if he covers the same distance, for example, by bus or subway.
If there are several passengers, the total consumption increases slightly, so traveling in groups is somewhat more rational. This is clearly shown by this calculation. The engine power of a small car is about 70 kW, with four passengers each there is 17.5 kW, with one - all 70. In a bus with an engine of 200 kW and 50 passengers, each of them has only 4 kW. But this does not mean that if you have a car, you need to get rid of it immediately. You don’t have to drive every day, but only when there are no traffic jams and you need to cover a significant distance. Or when you need to deliver a heavy load, such as a refrigerator. You can simply not, again, on days of heavy traffic jams, use intercepting parking lots.
The bus is also a very common type of vehicle, and the most common type of public transport. Slightly inferior in environmental friendliness to the trolleybus and tram, it has the advantage of autonomy: it does not require the roads to be equipped with wires or rails. Bus engines in most cases run on inexpensive fuels: diesel fuel and methane (the only exception is minibuses, and even then not all). Together with more rational consumption of this fuel, this factor makes the bus very economical. In the cost of a bus ticket, fuel costs make up only a few percent, the rest is the salaries of drivers and service personnel, spare parts, and depreciation. But even so, driving it turns out to be much more profitable for the passenger than using his own car, especially when using a travel ticket.
Company vehicles make up only a small percentage of urban transport, so they have little impact on both the environmental background and traffic jams. But he plays a huge role, because without him, many processes in the city would freeze, seemingly unnoticeable as long as they proceed without failures. For example, moving goods, patrolling streets. Also, it is this type of transport that doctors, utility service specialists, etc. most often get to their destination. Special types of vehicles are used in maintaining road passability, mining, agriculture, airports, and military affairs. We can safely say that thanks to official vehicles we are well-fed, healthy, safe, and in the courtyards of our houses the lights are on in the evenings.
It is difficult to imagine sports without motor transport. Drivers of sports vehicles, called pilots, participate in interesting competitions that attract many spectators. And in other sports, in addition to such an obvious role as delivering athletes, vehicles also play auxiliary roles, for example, during the repair and preparation of stadiums, skating rinks, etc. for competitions.
MKOU Solyanovskaya Secondary School
Regional competition of methodological developments for primary schools
"His Majesty Lesson"
Why are cars needed?
The world
Educational and educational complex "School of Russia"
Venue: Irkutsk region.
Taishet district. Solyanaya village
Subject: environment
Primary school teacher, MKOU Solyanovskaya secondary school
Subject: Why are cars needed?
The purpose of the lesson: creating conditions for the formation of children’s initial ideas about the purpose, structure, and variety of cars .
Lesson objectives:
Personal UUD:
Acceptance and mastery of the social role of the student;
Development of motives for educational activities and the formation of personal meaning of learning;
Developing the ability to evaluate your achievements in the classroom.
Metasubject UUD:
Cognitive UUD:
Independently assume what information is needed to solve a learning task;
Obtain new knowledge: extract information presented in different forms (video, text, illustration, etc.);
Process the information received: draw conclusions based on generalization of knowledge.
Regulatory UUD:
- understand the educational task of the lesson and strive to fulfill it;
Mastering the ability to accept and maintain the goals and objectives of educational activities, searching for means of its implementation;
Answer final questions and evaluate your achievements in class.
Communication UUD:
Communicate your position to others: express your thoughts in oral speech;
Learn to respect the position of another, try to negotiate;
Exercise mutual control in joint activities;
Adequately assess your own behavior and the behavior of others.
Subject results:
Students will learn to distinguish between types of transport;
Find out the purpose of cars, their structure;
They will examine and compare textbook illustrations and extract information from them;
Lesson type: learning new material.
Means of education: presentation for the lesson; drawings of the Question Ant and the Wise Turtle; handouts: pictures of cars with names, test; electronic supplement to the textbook.
Technological lesson map
| Teacher's actions | Student actions |
| I .Organizing time. Purpose of the stage: preparing students for upcoming work in the lesson. Formed UUD: positive attitude towards the upcoming activity, inclusion in educational activities. |
|
| Hello guys. The long-awaited call was given - The lesson begins. It's not good for us to be lazy - Let's learn new things. At our lesson, as usual, there are Question Ant and Wise Turtle. (Annex 1) slide 2 | They repeat the speech, showing their readiness for the lesson. |
| II . Self-determinationto activities Purpose of the stage: deriving a problematic issue based on the students’ existing knowledge Formed UUD: mastering the logical action of generalization; constructing reasoning based on known concepts. |
|
| 1.Riddles. There's a house going down the street Everyone is lucky to study. Not on chicken thin legs, And in rubber boots. He has a huge body Body for various cargoes, He is mighty, strong as a bull, And it's called... Name these items in one word. Guys, what other cars do you know? slide 3 |
Bus. Truck. Cars, transport. |
| III . Setting a learning task. Purpose of the stage: creating conditions for children to formulate the purpose of the lesson. Formed UUD: the ability to realize and formulate the purpose of work in the lesson with the help of a teacher; understanding the educational task and the desire to complete it; willingness to listen to the interlocutor and engage in dialogue; express your opinion and argue your point of view; |
|
| What do you guys think, what will we talk about in class? Make up questions with the words: | We will talk about cars, about cars. Why are cars needed? What types of cars are there? How are cars built? |
| IV . « Discovery of new knowledge"(Solving a learning problem) Purpose of the stage: creating conditions for solving an educational problem and finding ways to solve it. Formed UUD: mastering basic information about the variety of cars, their purpose, structure, as well as basic subject concepts that reflect the essential connections and relationships between objects and processes; active use of speech and information and communication technologies (ICT) to solve communicative and cognitive problems. |
|
| 1. Frontal conversation. Let's try to answer the questions you asked. Why are cars needed? What types of cars are there? How are cars built? Do you have enough knowledge to answer the questions correctly? Where can we get the information we need? What types (groups) would you divide all cars into depending on their purpose? slide 3 What do we call transport for transporting passengers? What cars can be called passenger transport? What do we call transport for transporting goods? There is another type of transport called special. Why do you guys think it is called special? These machines are needed for very responsible work; they are called by phone if urgent assistance is required. What cars can be classified as special transport? | Students express their opinions. - Our knowledge is not enough. From a textbook, presentation, electronic application on the world around us. Students express their opinions. For transportation of passengers, cargo,… Passenger. Bus, trolleybus, taxi, tram. Cargo. Ambulance, fire truck, police car, etc. |
| V . Primary consolidation. Independent work with self-test according to the standard. Purpose of the stage: awareness and application of knowledge gained in solving a learning task. Formed UUD: mastering the ability to accept and maintain the goals and objectives of educational activities; the ability to negotiate the distribution of functions and roles in joint activities; ability to work with handouts as a means of transmitting illustrative and textual information; willingness to listen to the interlocutor. |
|
| 1.Workin groups. slide 3 The ant brought the same set of cards for each group (Appendix 2) Try to distribute the cars according to their purpose yourself. Group 1 is passenger transport, 2 is cargo, and 3 is special. You are given 2 minutes for this task. If the group is ready, take all hands and raise them up. The teacher distributes to the groups: cards Check slide 4 2. Physical exercise.slide 5 To go by car, We need to pump up the tires. Pour gasoline into the gas tank And we'll go to the store. | Listen and respect the opinion of a friend; work together, together; be able to distribute tasks in a group; address each other politely, as well as politely make comments; help each other if necessary. Groups independently complete the task and signal with raised hands. Group 1: passenger transport. Group 2: freight transport. Group 3: special transport. Children look at the slide and check. |
| VI . Learning a new topic. Continuation(Solving a learning problem) Formed UUD: Be able to express your thoughts orally, listen and understand the speech of others |
|
| 1. Discussion of the educational task. And now we just have to answer the third question: “How do cars work?” 2. Work in pairs. Textbook p.60 3.Students' story"Car device" slide 6 4. Work in pairs. Electronic application "Parts of the car." 5. Conversation"Environment protection" Slide 7 | Students express their opinions. Students in pairs discuss the design of the car. Textbook p.60. Students’ story “Car structure” based on slide Completing the task “Car Parts” using an electronic application. |
| VII . Incorporation of new knowledge into the knowledge system and repetition. Formed UUD: Be able to transform information from one form to another: write answers to questions |
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| 1.Game in the test form "The Third Wheel". Slides 8 | Students indicate the correct answer with a number and record the correct answers. |
| VIII . Reflection on activity (lesson summary) Purpose of the stage: checking the achievement of one’s own goal, assessing the emotional state and activity in the lesson of each student. Formed UUD: the ability to express one’s opinion and argue one’s point of view and assessment of events; awareness of the personal meaning of the teaching; consolidation of positive motivation for educational activities. |
|
| - Today in class I learned... My mood... because... It was difficult for me... |
|
- Hello guys!
(Slide 1)
My name is Maria Sergeevna, and today I will teach you a lesson about the world around us!
- Please sit down.
– Look at each other, smile, wish them a good mood in class. Now look at me. I also wish you to work together and enjoy the new discoveries of today's lesson.
- Guys, please guess the riddle.
(Slide 2)
Drinks gasoline like milk, can run far. Carries goods and people. You know her, of course?
– Who can say what a car is? Why do we need a car?
That's right, everyone needs a car because it does useful work - transporting people or goods.
It's hard to imagine our life without a car. It is impossible to think that the streets and highways will suddenly become empty. A hundred years ago, this transport was a curiosity. Most people believed that it was completely unnecessary, since the best and most reliable thing was a horse.
(Slide 3)
Now the car is the most common and familiar type of transport for people. Cars are our friends and helpers. Today there are almost half a billion passenger cars on our planet. And every day
there are more and more of them.
(Slide 4)
Fizminutka (Slide 5)
– Guys, look at these drawings, this is what cars looked like many years ago. How did they appear and become the way we see them today? Do you want to know? (Slide 6)
At first, the man carried the load on himself. Heavy loads were carried by two people. If the load was very heavy, it was rolled on logs, using a stick as a lever. (Slide 7)
As time went. The man invented the drag. At first he dragged it himself, and when he got a horse on his farm, it began to drag the loads. (Slide 8)
And so a man came up with a wheel. The first wheels were made of wood, they were very heavy and bulky. The first wheel was invented in Japan, and the first cart for it was invented there. Then a horse was harnessed to the cart.
(Slide 9)
The first self-propelled cart was a toy and moved using steam. And finally, a man made a car. The first cars were very similar to carriages. The very first car, instead of gasoline, was fueled with “wood” and was called an “omnibus.” The driver was called a chauffeur, which translated from French means “stoker.”
(Slide 10)
Only many years later did it become similar to those that we are used to seeing on the roads of our city.
(Slide 11)
– In the 19th century, an internal combustion engine powered by gasoline was invented. With such an engine it was possible to build a self-propelled crew. They called it a car. If we remove the beautiful body cladding, we will see many mechanisms underneath. Tell us how the car works.
(Slide 12)
Fizminutka (Slide 13)
– There are envelopes with mosaics on your desks. Assemble a car from parts. Work in pairs.
– Raise your hand, those guys who made a truck, a bus, a car.
(Slide 14)
– All cars can be divided into several groups: cargo, passenger, special.
(Slide 15)
– Look at the screen. Name the cars. These cars belong to the special group.
(Slide 16)
– Now let's do a little work in the workbook. Turn to page 41. Let's complete task No. 1. Where are these cars going? Let's connect these cars to their destination.
(Slide 17)
- And now our lesson is coming to an end. And I want to see how attentive you were today. What new did you learn in class today? What conclusion can be drawn?
(Slide 18)
- Now let's write down our homework. On page 41 in workbook no. 2, 3.
(Slide 19)
- Guys, thank you for the lesson! It was a pleasure to work with you! You are all great guys, I am very pleased with your work in class. See you again!
