DIY mini tractor at home. Do-it-yourself mini tractor, additional mechanisms for it

All household or small farms require a lot of manual labor. A do-it-yourself mini tractor can help reduce its share. It can be used for various purposes, including harvesting hay, cultivating soil, transporting crops or fertilizers. Performing such operations without mechanization at home turns out to be problematic.

Large agricultural companies resolve the issue by purchasing foreign or domestic agricultural machinery. Small farms are not always able to allocate the required amount for a mini tractor, so they have to come up with and implement home-made developments. For do-it-yourself households, the entire assembly is carried out from scrap materials. If necessary, certain power units are made more powerful, and the product is designed to be as repairable as possible with a universal set of spare parts and consumables.

Pros and cons of a homemade mini tractor

The wide popularity of this type of technology is due to the following advantages:

Comfortable operation in confined spaces. For a homemade mini tractor, fields of less than 2-3 hectares are optimal. Larger areas are processed with larger and more powerful equipment.
Manual digging is not effective in all areas. This refers to rocky or hard ground texture. In this case, manual labor will be much harder. In such circumstances, it is more appropriate to use a mini tractor for household use, which in a matter of minutes, with the appropriate attachments, will complete the task.
Making a mini tractor with your own hands will often be cheaper, especially when a power plant from other equipment is available. You can make the remaining units with your own hands; in this case, the drawings will be unique.
Wide possibilities for reconstruction, restructuring, modification and repair. Since you will have to make a mini tractor yourself using available materials, the prospect of re-equipment can be included in the plans in advance.
The homemade product will be light in weight, which will not create unnecessary stress on the soil. This makes it safe for use even when caring for crops during cultivation, hilling or harvesting.

With all the positive factors, those who decide to make a mini tractor with their own hands need to be aware of the future disadvantages. Most spare parts will be unique, so sometimes it may be difficult to find analogues. This practice should be taken care of in advance.

Also, owners of this equipment will be prohibited from driving on public roads. To fix this, you will have to go through the long process of registering your vehicle. Otherwise, it will have to be transported to the arable land or to the garden not under its own power, but on a trailer. You can get a fine for driving a homemade car on a regular highway.

VIDEO: How much does it cost to make a mini tractor with your own hands?

In order to correctly implement the design plan, it is necessary to have real drawings and dimensions of future elements and assemblies.

Unit drawing with dimensions

It is important to prepare the following main modules:

power plant of optimal power;
transmission for transmitting power from the engine to the wheels;
base in the form of a frame structure;
steering;
driver's seat.

If not the entire set is available, then it is worth looking for the missing parts at car disassembly sites or at vehicle recycling points. Also, some things are easy to pick up at a service station.

We assemble the frame ourselves

The base is often welded from a channel or I-beam. They are selected from the range from No. 5 to No. 9. The system will turn out to be very durable. Most often, two half-frames are used to prepare a breaking frame, which are connected to each other by movable hinge joints in the form of parts of driveshafts from a truck.

Frame for future breaking from channel

Also, the frame can be solid, assembled from two spars and crossbars. The cross member is made from channel No. 10. When using the labor of assistants, it is preferable to have a drawing available in order to obtain the desired result.

Engine preparation

Before you assemble a mini tractor with your own hands, you should take care of the engine. An engine with a power of about 40 hp is considered sufficient. The power plants UD-2, M-67, UD-4, MT-9 fall under this criterion. It is also not uncommon to see assemblies based on cylinder blocks from an old VAZ or AZLK.

Housekeeping professionals are striving to create all-wheel drive models. We recommend assembling such 4x4 vehicles based on the M67 engine. In this case, it is necessary to ensure an increase in the gear ratio in the transmission. If this is not done, then the motor will lack torque. It is important in this situation to form an additional cooling system.

It is very convenient to make a tractor from a walk-behind tractor. In this case, the power unit, front axle, brakes, gearbox, frame and steering system are already ready.

In the traditional layout, the engine is located in front, directly above the front axle longitudinally. The gearbox is mounted to it through the clutch. Next according to the diagram there is a transfer case and a drive axle. The connection of elements in such a scheme is carried out using couplings or several cardans.

Sometimes it is more convenient to place the motor on the frame, placing wooden boards under it. In this way it will be possible to choose the optimal position for it. If necessary, brackets are made for convenient fixation of the cylinder block.

It is important to maintain weight distribution so as not to end up with a quickly tipping system. Experienced experts recommend distributing the mass along the axles in a ratio of 60% to the drive axle and 40% to the driven (steered) wheels.

Transmission and rear axle

The most durable and inexpensive gearbox is the gearbox from Soviet GAZ-53 trucks. From them or from GAZ-52 they use a clutch system. When mounting on a frame, you should take care of additional adjustment of the nodes to each other. There are home models with components from UAZ. Their power parameters maintain a high level of reliability.

It will be possible to synchronize the clutch and motor through the assembled new housing (basket). It will be necessary to cut off the rear plane of the power plant flywheel. You will also need to drill an additional center hole.

A ready-made assembly from a car or truck is taken as the rear axle of a mini tractor. It is important to adjust the dimensions of the axle shaft in such a situation. For a 4x2 wheel arrangement, where one of the axles is not the drive one, it will be easier to select front axle shafts.

Steering wheel and wheels

Since it is intended to make a homemade mini tractor for power loads, it is important to choose steering with a hydraulic cylinder in the design. It will not be possible to make such a hydraulic device at home, so it can be picked up at a car or agricultural machinery disassembly site. We will also borrow the steering linkage.

You can use any suitable object as a seat - a car seat, an armchair, even a stool will come in handy if it is secured correctly

Wheels for homemade products should be chosen with a radius of more than 13 inches. They are suitable for equipment intended for transporting goods. If you intend to perform agricultural work, then you should give preference to a radius in the range of 18-24 inches.

The supporting axles are forks from Soviet cargo cardans. We weld a couple of forks to the beam or directly to the frame while maintaining alignment. We weld the rest to the steering knuckles.

VIDEO: Interesting ideas for assembling a homemade tractor and attachments

In the modern world, many people have country houses where a lot of manual labor is used. In order to make their life easier, many people decide to buy a mini-tractor. However, such a purchase can hit your budget hard.

In order to avoid this, many decide to make homemade mini-tractors. This will help to significantly reduce labor costs for working in the garden and save money.

Advantages and disadvantages

What are the pros and cons of such a product? Firstly, you can operate a mini-tractor even in very limited space - it will fit perfectly into a small garage in the backyard. However, despite the fact that the size of a homemade tractor is relatively small, this will not in any way affect the functionality and volume of work performed.

In addition, it will help cope with plowing heavy rocky soil, since in this case digging with a shovel will give almost no results.

In addition, you can independently make your own unique drawing of a tractor that will meet all your needs.

You can also modify the designs to help reduce the weight and stress on the ground being plowed. This will greatly increase the productivity of the process.

Possible problems

On the one hand, you can do everything completely for yourself, but, on the other hand, if it breaks down, you cannot simply take it to the service center and give it to a specialist. You'll have to fix everything yourself.

Problems may also arise if you need to replace a part - there may simply not be spare parts. In addition, such a vehicle will not be able to be driven freely without registration.

Manufacturing instructions

How to make a mini-tractor with your own hands? First, start planning. You should have drawings of the product, all parts and assemblies on hand.

Basics: power plant, transmission unit for synchronizing the operation of the engine and wheels, frame as a base for the entire structure, driver's seat.

The missing parts can be found in car repair shops or a broken car can be disassembled into parts.

Frame

The frame is the basic part of the structure to which everything else is attached. However, making it is not that difficult. Weld it from a channel or I-beam. In order to increase the mobility of your mini-tractor, you can make a frame from two and fasten them on the sides with hinges. This will increase the mobility of your vehicle, and it will be easier for you to take turns.

Engine

Start preparing the engine. Make sure it is powerful enough to perform all the required functions. But be careful not to overdo it, otherwise you may damage the structure.

You can make your own mini-tractor with a walk-behind tractor engine. In general, making a tractor based on it is especially convenient, because it already has almost everything - it only needs to be slightly modified.

Model 4x4

A DIY 4x4 mini tractor will be very convenient due to its versatility. It can be used for a wide variety of needs. This is a standard option that will suit everyone. In addition, this will be an ideal option for those who want to make a tractor with all-wheel drive.

Gearbox and transmission

In order to customize the operation of your tractor, you can use a gearbox from old Soviet machines. For example, GAZ-53. Also get a clutch system from them. To make the rear axle, take a ready-made assembly from a passenger car.

Steering

Use a steering wheel with hydraulic cylinders - this will greatly facilitate the process of driving a mini-tractor and increase your productivity. Unfortunately, you won’t be able to make a hydraulic booster yourself at home. Therefore, it is better to use one ready from the car.

The seat can be made from any suitable item.

The wheels must be made at least 26 inches in diameter - they are ideal for a tractor on which you plan to transport heavy loads.

If you plan on serious agricultural work, then you should give preference to wheels with a diameter of at least 48 inches. If you take a smaller size, the device can easily be damaged, unable to withstand such intense load.

Thus, now you know how to make a mini-tractor with your own hands at home.

Photo of a mini tractor with your own hands

DIY mini tractor

If you have a house in the village, or even live there permanently, you know what real housework is like. It is simply impossible to manage without transport when running a household. The best for these purposes is a mini-tractor; with its help, you can ensure the fulfillment of all needs, from digging up land for sowing, to transporting large and small-sized cargo. But such technology is far from cheap, what should you do? There is one option - to make a mini tractor with your own hands. Yes, the task is not easy, but if you can do it, you will save a lot of money, and satisfaction from the finished device will come every time you start working with the tractor.

Which version of a homemade mini tractor to choose?

Homemade mini tractor for household use with a broken frame

The best option for a homemade mini tractor is a machine with a broken frame. Such a unit consists of 2 parts, rear and front, the coupling of which is carried out by a special hinge mechanism. The front part houses all the control mechanisms, as well as the entire chassis. Control is carried out through a steering wheel and hydraulic cylinders; the entire structure bends on a hinge and changes the relative position of the two parts of the tractor. Thus, if you use this design, you can save on some parts designed to mount the controls, which would normally be located at the rear of the machine.

The rear part of such a mini tractor is much simpler in design than the front. It consists of a rear axle, which is fixed in cradle on the side members of the axle shaft; a seat for the driver and a device for attaching attachments from the Belorus tractor are installed on this structure. The differential and axle shafts can be taken from any loader. Suspension on the rear part can be done, but this is not very advisable; usually shock absorption is achieved due to low pressure in the wheels.

In addition to the simplest design, such a mini tractor has several advantages:

Large production capacity, this device is capable of producing power close to a large tractor, especially if you assemble an all-wheel drive tractor with an articulated frame;
The ability to turn around in minimal areas, the turning radius of this device is minimal due to the broken frame design. The tractor can be rotated 360 degrees almost in one place, this is a particularly useful property when plowing the land;
Low fuel consumption, and this indicator also depends on the design features of the machine, but most often the consumption is minimal;
Relatively low cost of assembly of the unit. If you buy a tractor like this, assembled at a factory, the price will make your eyes widen. And if you do it yourself, you can get a significant discount, since the assembly uses structural elements that can be obtained at the lowest prices.

Drawings - the first stage of assembly

Mini tractor drawing
Kinematic diagram of a mini tractor

Before you take up the tools, you need to carefully consider the entire design of the tractor itself and the coupling diagram of its two parts. Correct drawings are the basis of the basics. It is best to find reliable drawings from third-party sources, since it is very difficult to provide for all the design features, because a tractor is a very complex set of interconnected mechanisms. It is necessary to think through the arrangement of all elements of the system so that they can interact effectively with each other. First of all, the main components of the tractor and the driver’s seat are drawn on the drawing. If you are not particularly skilled in drawing up plans, you can ask an experienced mechanic to help you with this problem, and then take apart the plan and build the tractor yourself.

The second stage is reading the drawings and assembling the entire structure

When you have found the necessary drawings, you can proceed to searching for the necessary components and assembling them into a single system.
Remember, when searching for parts, pay the most attention to three groups of spare parts: engine, chassis and gearbox - they should be removed from the same type of equipment, so there will be no need to adjust them to each other.

Selection of engine and transmission

Engine UD-2

When choosing suitable engines for a homemade mini tractor, there is not much variety; most often you have to choose from what is available and is most suitable. In terms of economic and production indicators, 2 types of engines UD-2 or UD-4 are best suited for installation on a tractor of this design, but in general, diesel engines with one or two cylinders can be used. If you can find it, you can use the M-67; its main characteristics are long service life with minimal maintenance costs.

Before installation, such an engine must be modernized, its gear ratio is increased, and it is also necessary to come up with a cooling system, since it does not have one. For cooling, you can install a fan, which is mounted on the crankshaft with a casing attached to direct the air flow.

Sometimes engines from Muscovites or Zhiguli are used as a power plant. At the same time, when the engines are removed from the cars, the gearbox and transmission are taken along with them, remember, in this way there is no need to make adjustments and look for additional parts.

Wheels are selected based on the purposes for which the vehicle is manufactured. If you plan to use it only for transporting goods, pulling them and other similar work, then you can take wheels up to 16 inches. If you intend to use a mini tractor for field work, it is better to take more massive wheels with discs from 18 to 24 inches in order to improve the quality of wheel grip on the surface.

broken frame

The broken frame consists of two semi-frames, the coupling of which is carried out by a hinge joint. To make such a connection, you can use a driveshaft from a large truck, for example, a GAZ. If we talk specifically about GAZ cars, then it doesn’t matter which model it will be, because there are practically no design features in the driveshafts of any of them. The frame itself is best made from channel bars, so it will be strong enough to perform absolutely any work, and the tractor itself can withstand almost any load.

As for finishing the tractor, it can be made from a profile of any characteristics. Since strength, for example, for wings, is not the most important indicator.

Some installation features

The control system in tractors of this type must be equipped with hydraulic cylinders; this will significantly improve the controllability of the vehicle. You also need to pay attention to adjusting the gear ratio; it should be set at low speeds. This is done so that the tractor does not develop too high a speed when performing various work.

The suspension of all wheels of the tractor is independent and rigid, so to prevent the wheels of any part, rear or front, from freezing when passing difficult sections, it is possible to provide the frame with the ability to rotate, 15 degrees is enough. This is done by introducing a swivel from the UAZ into the breakable system; it is installed in the front part of the rear semi-frame. To prevent further overturning, a limiter is welded onto the hinge plate.

The result is a very practical machine that is capable of fulfilling all the needs that arise when running a household. You can easily attach all kinds of devices for plowing land, trailers for transporting goods, hay mowers and other devices to the tractor.

Anyone can make a mini tractor with their own hands, the main thing is to stock up on the necessary tools, materials and patience. The result is a full-fledged multifunctional machine that allows you to fulfill all the economic needs of the owner. High maneuverability, ease of use, versatility - these are the advantages that you will receive after installing a homemade tractor.

Agricultural walk-behind tractors have one serious drawback - the operator has to walk along the cultivated area with them. As a result, fatigue sets in quite quickly, and the time it takes to complete work increases, which leads to a sharp decrease in the efficiency of labor costs. Another thing is a mini-tractor, which has a full wheelbase and steering. But not everyone can afford to buy such equipment. Therefore, in the agricultural environment, you can increasingly find homemade mini tractors, which are designed on the basis of professional or semi-professional walk-behind tractors.

Converting a walk-behind tractor into a mini tractor: main points

Unlike amateur equipment, professional and semi-professional equipment has more power. For example, from a walk-behind tractor with a 9 hp diesel engine. you can make a pretty decent mini-tractor for plowing and cultivating. Ultimately, it all depends on the goals that the owner of the modified equipment intends to achieve.

Designing and assembling a homemade mini tractor is not an easy task, but it is doable. And to solve it successfully, you need to focus on two points:

Development of a body and frame, as well as a diagram of their connection with the base of a mini-tractor - a walk-behind tractor.
Development of a kinematic scheme.

The homemade frame and body are made of metal corners or profiled pipes. When calculating the structure, it is necessary to take into account the ratio of its weight to the power of the motor, as well as the resistance that the machine will overcome when performing various types of work.

If you choose a powerful walk-behind tractor as the basis for a homemade mini tractor, this allows you to use ready-made car or motorcycle trailers. Moreover, leading manufacturers of walk-behind tractors have long provided for the design possibility of connecting such trailers to their manufactured equipment.

The kinematic diagram of a homemade mini-tractor is a set of design solutions that ensure the transmission of torque from the walk-behind tractor engine to the drive (mainly rear) wheels. When calculating, it is necessary to distribute the load on the drive axle evenly - both reliability and durability, as well as functionality, that is, the possibility of using the equipment, directly depend on this.

DIY mini tractor: where to start?

In fact, there are many options for constructing a mini tractor yourself. However, the principles used are approximately the same everywhere:

turns towards the operator and is fixed on the frame.
Control is realized using steering rods.
A hydraulic drum brake is used.
The brake and clutch are pedal controlled.
Manual control is used for the accelerator and attachments.
The operator's seat is located above the rear drive axle.

One of the easiest ways to create a mini tractor with your own hands is to buy an adapter - a two-wheeled cart with a seat for the operator and an aggregate system (for installing attachments).

Obviously, to assemble a mini tractor you will need various spare parts. They can be easily found among automobile ones. For example, the drum brake for the drive wheels, steering rack and pedal control units can be taken from a VAZ passenger car. In the same way - by searching the auto parts market - a seat and other structural parts for a homemade mini-tractor are selected.

But in addition to spare parts, you need to have a whole arsenal of tools on hand - a welding machine, drill, circular saw, wrenches, etc. And it is very desirable that during the process of assembling a mini tractor you have access to a specially equipped workshop or, if necessary, you can use the services of specialists in welding, milling, plumbing and auto repair.

Mini tractor frame

The chassis is the basis of a mini tractor. Its main quality should be reliability, but you need to carefully monitor the total weight of the structure in order to ensure normal adhesion of the wheelbase to the soil when performing work and at the same time not to overload the engine.

To make the frame of a homemade mini tractor of medium power, a lightweight channel, profiled pipe or metal corner is suitable. The dimensions of the structure, the assembly of which is carried out by welding, must correspond to the dimensions of the machine. It is necessary to make holes along the contour of the frame for hanging and securing the structural elements of the mini tractor.

The ratio of the weight of the frame and its strength must be optimal. You should not overload the structure with additional stiffening ribs, nor should you skimp on metal, sacrificing overall reliability indicators.

Before you begin assembling the frame, you need to decide which trailers you are going to use when working with it. And in order not to lose your thoughts during the design process, before starting work you should make drawings of the future machine and its main components with the main dimensions. To do this, you can use ready-made documentation, which needs to be adapted to the specific parameters of your mini tractor.

Front and rear axles

These units are created from individual spare parts and units removed from cars or even trucks or other agricultural equipment. However, you will have to do some details, as well as the assembly itself, yourself.

To make a front axle, you will need:

cross beam;
bushings for supporting rotary axles;
axle bushings;
the axles of the wheels;
(ball and roller);
bolted connections.

A piece of profiled pipe or metal corner will do the job perfectly as a cross beam. For the manufacture of axle shaft bushings, structural steel 45 is suitable. The rotating support bushings are made of profiled pipe, modified for the installation of bearings, and are closed with steel covers made of steel grade St3. The front axle assembly, consisting of a cylindrical race and roller bearings, is welded in the center of the cross member. Using large bolts, the bridge must be secured to the bushings in the cross member of the frame.

The tightening force of bolt connections is responsible for the amount of play of the front axle relative to the design of the mini tractor. Too tight, as well as too loose fastening has a negative impact on driving comfort, so the play must be optimal.

The rear axle is assembled in the same way. The finished design can be borrowed, say, from a UAZ car. The long stocking of such a bridge will need to be shortened so that standard short axle shafts can be used. It wouldn’t hurt to protect the rear axle, or rather its welded joints, from possible impacts during operation. For this purpose, a support is used - a metal corner placed along the welds of the prefabricated bridge structure.

Wheelbase and kinematic diagram

The choice of wheels for a homemade mini tractor deserves special attention. It is quite possible to use wheels from a passenger car, but the dimensions must be observed here. The optimal dimensions of wheel rims are 12-14 inches. When choosing a smaller diameter, there is a risk that the machine will bury its nose into the ground during operation. On the other hand, if the front wheels are too large, the operator will have to exert considerable effort to perform maneuvers. However, to facilitate the process of driving a car, you can always use the power steering from a passenger car or other agricultural equipment.

Mini tractor wheel tires must have developed lugs. This will increase the maneuverability of the machine, reduce the load on the chassis and facilitate the control process.

As for the kinematic scheme, it is better to use ready-made options, the search for which currently will not take much effort. The diagram must be adapted to the parameters of the components that you are going to use to create a mini tractor. It would be useful to consider the possibility of connecting attachments, which will greatly increase the functionality of a homemade machine.

Control system and operator seat

After manufacturing and installing the chassis, you can begin to implement the kinematic diagram and install the control system. The most important thing in this matter is to place it correctly. The front seat of a passenger car, which is easy to find at car services and in workshops that dismantle vehicles, will do an excellent job of this role.

The steering wheel should be set at the optimal height for the operator. The steering wheel should not interfere with the free placement of the knees - it must be mounted so that working with it in a sitting position does not cause discomfort.

All the necessary parts for pedal, manual and lever control of the machine and its functional units can be found in the same place as the seat and all other spare parts - in workshops or on the market.

Engine installation and body arrangement

After assembling the chassis, implementing the kinematic diagram and installing the operator's seat with the control system, you can begin installing the main unit of the minitractor - the engine. To securely fix it on the frame, you should use a special plate with grooves - it will also give the chassis additional rigidity. Next, you need to lay out the electrical and mechanical circuits of the control system, connect and configure the operation of the control system.

The body trim is carried out at the user's request, however, it is still better to cover some components and structural elements. This will prevent their contamination and failure in case of contact with foreign objects and soil.

Most people associate work in agriculture with cultivating land. But in order to sow and grow crops, berries and vegetables, as well as fruits, it is necessary to plow the soil, supplement it with fertilizers and provide watering, as well as weeding. If the farmer has specialized equipment, the work can be greatly simplified. Such equipment is small in size, but copes with basic tasks quite successfully. Among them are:

loosening;
plowing the land;
mowing grass.

Firms and large agricultural complexes approach solving this issue using domestic and imported models. If you are the owner of a private farm, you may be limited in your financial capabilities. In this case, you will have to use a mini-tractor, possibly made independently.

This will save money, but you should be prepared for the fact that assembling such equipment is accompanied by certain difficulties. This does not stop many, because every farmer has the power to make such a mini-tractor on his own, additionally equipping it with equipment to solve a wide range of problems.

The main types of homemade tractors

A farm tractor can belong to one of several varieties, including:

multifunctional equipment;
homemade tractors with the function of collecting garbage and mowing grass;
riders.

The first type is equipment with which you can cultivate the soil, remove debris, and also cut grass. Homemade tractors are usually equipped with medium-power power units. Multifunctional equipment can cope with an area of 6 hectares. If necessary, you can install attachments on it, thanks to which the list of tasks expands.

Homemade tractors on wheels can be designed to perform a narrow range of tasks; they are used to cultivate an area of up to 2 hectares or create lawns. Riders are necessary for applying fertilizers, as well as treating with pesticides. They can use the equipment to perform other tasks when there is a need to cultivate a small plot of land.

Tractor manufacturing features

If you decide to make a homemade tractor with your own hands, then at the first stage you will need to make a frame for which a rolled channel is used. The design contains traverses, and they should be located at the back and front. In addition, the system has side members. When the frame is created, the width of the front part is slightly reduced, which gives the part a trapezoidal shape. A hole must be created in the frame, thanks to which other devices and elements can be strengthened.

Work methodology

When making a homemade tractor with your own hands, it is necessary to use racks that must be welded to the corners. They will serve as a subframe. They should be additionally connected at the top. You need to install the rear axle on the frame.

Sometimes a project involves assembling a four-wheel drive tractor, in which case the front axle must be located on the frame. A homemade tractor is made with your own hands using an engine. The most suitable option would be a motorcycle engine. To mount the gearbox on the frame, you need to find a place. The box should be positioned so that it is more convenient for the driver to control it.

Now you can begin installing the steering components. A steering wheel is usually used for this. This part is usually borrowed from a domestic passenger car model. In some cases, a motorcycle handlebar is used. A trailer will need a tow bar. It is installed at the next stage, welded to the frame. When making a homemade tractor with your own hands, you need a brake system and a tank, which must proceed to connecting the electrics.

Assembly instructions: frame

A homemade tractor may seem disproportionate and unsightly. In fact, if the mechanism is assembled correctly and all the key components are arranged rationally, then the system will work properly, performing all the tasks assigned to it. Traverses act as additional elements of the frame.

The spar is assembled from successive stages, the inner ones consisting of a square steel pipe, while the outer ones are made of a channel. The front traverse should be smaller than the rear. This indicates that a 12-gauge channel will fit the front crossmember, while a 16-gauge channel will fit the rear.

Powertrain, axle and track

Before you make a tractor, you must select a motor of the required power and torque. Sometimes a four-cylinder diesel engine with a power of 40 hp is used for this. With. This unit is water cooled. As for the bridge, it can be installed without additional adjustments. It can be borrowed from a domestic truck and integrated into homemade equipment.

Before you make a tractor, you must take care of the presence of a caterpillar. The simplest option is a design with rollers made of tires and wheels. They can be taken from carts. Taking into account the size of the tractor, you should select the dimensions of the wheels. The caterpillar can be made from a large tire, which is pre-cut on the sides.

Additional equipment of the tractor with an engine

A homemade tractor with a VAZ engine can be found quite often, as well as installations of the following types:

M-67;
UD-2;
MT-9;
UD-4.

You can equip the tractor with an engine from a Moskvich or Zhiguli car. When it is intended to make a homemade product according to the 4x4 formula, for the M-67 the transmission gear ratio is increased. Otherwise, the power plant will lack power to provide force to the wheelsets. It must be taken into account that the power unit may require an additional cooling system.

Additional transmission information

A homemade tractor with a VAZ engine can be supplemented with a power take-off shaft and gearbox, which should be borrowed from the GAZ-53 car. The clutch can be taken from GAZ-52. These nodes cannot be used in finished form. Adjustments must be made.

In order to synchronize the engine with the clutch, you need to prepare a new clutch basket, adjusting it to the dimensions. The rear plane of the engine flywheel is shortened, and an additional hole is drilled in the center. These manipulations can be performed on a lathe.

What else you need to know about the rear axle and wheels

A mini-tractor for snow removal can be equipped with a rear axle from a truck or car. The axle shafts are pre-shortened on a lathe. If a ready-made bridge cannot be found, then designs from different machines can be used. Experts recommend using any unit that fits in size, because the front axle does not act as a drive axle.

Wheels should be selected according to their radius. If the equipment is intended to be used for transporting goods, then it is better to choose disks whose diameter varies from 13 to 16 inches. For equipment that will be used for agricultural work, you can use wheels with a radius ranging from 18 to 24 inches.

Equipment for a homemade tractor

The described equipment includes a frame for a homemade tractor. After assembly, it is necessary to install the drive wheels and road wheels. The power unit is installed at the next stage, then comes the turn of the gearbox. The differentials and onboard brakes should be installed in the next step, after which all components can be connected to the gearbox.

The next step will be assembling the controls, as well as arranging the workplace. Additional parts and tracks can be installed in the next step. Now the master will have to check the performance of the tractor, modifying its individual components, if necessary.

Conclusion

A mini-tractor for snow removal will also show its abilities when cultivating the soil. However, in order to achieve two thousand engine revolutions at a speed of 3 km/h, you need to adjust the transmission. Each wheel of the rear axle should ideally be equipped with a separate gearbox.

The advantages of homemade tractors are obvious. Each person can make them independently, the cost of parts for such devices is lower than for factory ones, they do an excellent job of cultivating small areas of land. In addition, many parts for a homemade tractor can be found on your farm.

Let's take a closer look at the question of how to make a tractor with your own hands.

1 Preparation of drawings

Despite the fact that any tractor, be it a standard size or a motorized tractor, consists of at least hundreds, or even thousands of parts, anyone who can master the diagram depicted in the form of a simple drawing can assemble it independently. Thanks to the schematic drawing, assembling a tractor with your own hands is similar to a standard construction kit, where element A is connected to element B, then part AB to element C, and so on along the chain.

Although, it is worth noting that in our country there are probably enough self-taught craftsmen who can “keep a drawing in their head,” that is, perform the same sequential actions as with a drawing, only follow imaginary instructions. However, this does not apply to everyone. Anyone who does not have such experience is unlikely to be able to assemble any structure without turning to a pre-drawn diagram for help.

In case you had a “bad relationship” with drawing at school and you are not able to organize a drawing of a diagram of a full-fledged homemade tractor, ask acquaintances, friends or relatives who understand this matter better than you about it. As a last resort, Google search will help you find any information.

Before you start drawing the diagram yourself, decide what kind of tractor you want to make, on what basis it will be made. So, for example, homemade tractors can be:

tracked;
wheeled.

They are manufactured on the basis of:

walk-behind tractors. The tractor from Niva is very popular in Russia (one of the most famous walk-behind tractors in the Russian Federation);
automobile engines. Moreover, engines of both passenger cars and trucks and cargo-passenger vehicles can be used. By the way, the GAZ-66 engine is very suitable for making a homemade tractor with your own hands, which will have high power. You can often find a tractor from an UAZ;
UD-2 is a universal engine used as an additional motor in installations that are equipped with an electric generator, as well as as an engine in a homemade tractor;
The homemade 4×4 tractor is popular among people. A homemade 4x4 tractor is also called a fracture.

Having decided on the above question, you can safely proceed to the drawings. In this case, after creating the diagram, be sure to make a list of available parts and assemblies, and a list of those elements that need to be purchased, after which, buy the missing spare parts. Only after the entire list of parts is in your garage can you begin assembling the structure.

1.1 Design features

How to assemble a tractor with your own hands? There is no big difficulty in this. If you have correctly drawn the diagram and prepared all the necessary parts, making a tractor with your own hands proceeds to the practical part. The difference in modifications and options depends on the tools and skills you have. Below we describe the most optimal design:

If you have chosen to make a caterpillar tractor with your own hands, because during operation it does not damage the top fertile layer of soil, to simplify it, buy a new module equipped with wheels and a seat. Alternatively, all the elements can be assembled yourself at home. However, such a design will lack a drive. The assembled, crawler tractor is controlled by hand by turning the transmission-motor unit. For this purpose, it is recommended to use a standard steering wheel.

The walk-behind tractor should be supplemented with a hinged module with a seat; for earthworks, it is also necessary to take care of the hitch. To implement this option, assemble a frame using a wheelset and rolled metal. Then install two trailer units and a seat on it. Do not equip wheels with shock absorbers, this will negatively affect the speed of the device.

2 Tractor assembly

There is no single recommendation on what to take as a basis for the future unit and how to make a homemade tractor, which is influenced by the presence of this or that equipment on your farm from which the homemade product will be constructed. Therefore, it is advisable to consider various options. If you don’t have a walk-behind tractor made on the basis of a Zhiguli, the tractor will become a much better assistant.

2.1 Tractor based on Zhiguli

To build a Zhiguli tractor with your own hands, first of all develop a kinetic diagram that takes into account the balance of the structure. The device will include: engine, rear and front axles, reverse gear, cardan transmission. The engine will drive the front wheels. Through the chain, torque will be transmitted sequentially to the gearbox, cardan drive, etc. The driven rear wheels will rotate as a result.

The frame is made of pipes and angles. Make sure the fork and bushing are positioned correctly to allow the trailer to turn. The body is made from sheet metal. The height of the sides should not exceed 30 cm. Next, the attachments and the driver's seat are mounted. Then check the functionality of your unit. The final step is to prime and paint the surface of the metal elements.

2.2 Tractor with D-21 engine

Many craftsmen prefer to equip a homemade tractor with a Chinese engine. Lifan, Forza, Zonshen are taken as a basis. However, experienced designers recommend installing a reliable UD-2 or D-21 motor. In the first case, the engine develops power up to 8 hp, in the second – up to 25 hp. Coupled with a 4-stroke system and air cooling, such equipment is not only successfully used for agricultural activities, but also for transporting goods. Let's consider the option with the D-21 diesel engine.

To create the frame, take a pipe from a haystack. Pre-cut the half-frame borrowed from the T-25, weld a pipe to its front part, and a metal sheet of 3.5x50x50 cm to the rear part. A hydraulic tank and a hitch with a hydraulic cylinder, which is also taken from the T-25, are attached to the sheet using bolts. It is better to purchase a factory-made front axle, otherwise problems with the axle shafts may arise. Take wheels from GAZ-52, tires from Belarus 82 (8.3×20), which are manufactured by the Minsk Tractor Plant.

The front wheels on a homemade tractor with a D-21 engine are from the T-25 (6.00-16). The hood and beam are original, but the fuel tank needs some work. To do this, weld a 40-liter container from 3 mm sheet. Place the finished product on the back of the tractor under the seat. Carve an adapter plate for the GAZ-52 gearbox. The clutch used is a basket, a fork and a release bearing from the Yenisei combine. First remove half of the springs. The disc included in the clutch is suitable for any (from both GAZ and UAZ).

Make a 3 mm seat for the flywheel basket. The gearbox input shaft must be lengthened by 12.5 cm, and the cardan drive from the GAZ-52 must be shortened. The connection must be removable. Get the steering column from GAZ-52. Hydraulics for a homemade tractor are assembled from an R-80 hydraulic distributor with a floating effect and an NSh-10 pump. It is placed through a fork connection at the front of the engine. First replace the standard bolt responsible for securing the motor pulley.

You should not install the pump on the gearbox through the power take-off, because when the clutch is released, the hydraulic system will turn off and the rotation speed will be unsatisfactory.

2.3 Tractor based on Oka

They make a tractor from Oka with their own hands according to the same principle as from other Soviet cars. It all starts with the construction of the frame. Stock up on sheet iron and metal channel beams.

The design is a standard rectangular shape welded from metal corners. The front and rear axles are assembled from Oka components. The device is equipped with an Oka engine. However, before installing the engine, the wheel clearance is increased to improve cross-country ability.

The rear and front side members are strengthened as they bear the brunt of the load. A coupling mechanism should be provided for mounting attachments. Drawings for further assembly can be found on the Internet. If you don’t have the specified car, you don’t have to buy a new vehicle; the unit is also suitable in a non-working state, since its individual elements are used.

2.4 Review of a homemade mini tractor (video)

Homemade mini tractors are ideal for cultivating small plots of land. Almost anyone who has at least a little knowledge of technology can assemble a mini tractor with their own hands.

In terms of technical characteristics, homemade products are significantly inferior to factory models. But using a powerful tractor on small areas is at least not rational. Even the costs of maintenance and fuel and lubricants will not be justified. But a small tractor, assembled with your own hands, turns out to be very appropriate. In this article we will tell you how to make a mini tractor at home.

Advantages and disadvantages of homemade mini tractors

A mini-tractor made by yourself is much cheaper than factory models, and in terms of functionality it can sometimes give a head start to more powerful tractors. The homemade product can be used in vegetable gardens and orchards, for cultivating crop areas (not exceeding 10 hectares), transporting small-sized cargo and harvesting work.

The cost of such a machine pays for itself in just one season., because the main components and mechanisms are usually removed from broken equipment or purchased at bargain prices. Some farmers convert other equipment into a mini-tractor. In this case, the process of manufacturing equipment is greatly simplified.

Among the disadvantages, one can note the difficulty in selecting suitable parts. In addition, if some components fail, problems with replacement or repair may arise. After all, whatever one may say, the tractor is assembled from junk, so some parts cannot be found.

To prepare drawings, you must have technical skills and knowledge. After all, a mini-tractor must work with mounted and trailed equipment; for this it is necessary to calculate the traction force of the engine.

Advice! A mini-tractor assembled with your own hands must be registered with the traffic police. Otherwise, when you go out on the road, your homemade product may end up in a parking lot, and you will be fined.

We prepare drawings

Some craftsmen are able to assemble any equipment with only a bunch of old iron and a general work plan that is kept in their heads. There are only a few such people, and if you are not one of them, you must first prepare drawings of the main components of the future machine.

If you do not have the necessary knowledge, you can ask friends or acquaintances to make drawings. Finally, the necessary information can be found on the Internet.

Having the drawings at hand, assembling a mini-tractor at home will resemble a children's construction set. That is, you take part A and connect it to coupling B.

It is worth noting that some components and parts that will make up the homemade product may require adjustment or additional processing. Agree, explaining to a turner or welder what is required of them is much more convenient not with their fingers, but with a ready-made project and drawings at hand.

By the way, at this stage, you need to decide what kind of mini-tractor you want to make with your own hands. 4x4 breaking is very popular among farmers. This is a small model on an articulated (breakable) frame, with four-wheel drive. This homemade product is optimal for working on farms.

How to assemble a mini-tractor with your own hands

Having prepared diagrams and drawings, you need to find suitable parts. At a minimum, you will need an engine, transmission, frame and steering. Finding the necessary parts at home is very problematic, so you can stroll through the flea markets and look through websites selling spare parts. Here you can literally buy the parts you need for pennies.

Frame

The fracture is usually made from metal channel No. 5 or No. 9. The structure of this material has a sufficient margin of bending strength. Two half-frames are welded from the channel, which are connected to each other by a hinge joint. For these purposes, you can use driveshafts from trucks.

If the fracture does not suit you, you can make a mini-tractor on an all-metal frame. This design usually consists of four elements: right and left side members, front and rear crossmembers.

The spars can be made from channel No. 10, the rear and front traverses from channels No. 16 and No. 12, respectively. A metal beam can be used as a cross beam.

Engine

Transmission

For work, a mini-tractor made by yourself can be equipped with any engine of suitable power. The best option is a power plant with a power of 40 horsepower..

Most often, M-67, MT-9, UD-2 and UD-4 engines are installed on homemade units. There are models equipped with an engine from domestic passenger cars of the Zhiguli or Moskvich series.

If the homemade product is manufactured according to the 4x4 formula, the M-67 unit will need to increase the transmission gear ratio, otherwise the power plant will not have enough power to provide the necessary force for the wheelsets. Please note that the power unit may require an additional cooling system.

Transmission

The gearbox and power take-off shaft can be removed from the GAZ-53. The clutch will fit from an old GAZ-52. These units will not fit in their finished form; additional adjustment will be required.

To synchronize the clutch with the engine, you will need to weld a new clutch basket and adjust it to the required dimensions. The rear plane of the engine flywheel will need to be shortened and an additional hole drilled in the center. These operations can be done on a lathe.

Steering

This unit should include hydraulic cylinders, this will provide the mini-tractor with better controllability. It is impossible to make a hydraulic system with your own hands at home. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the ready-made hydraulic system from any agricultural machinery. Please note that you will need a pump to circulate oil in the hydraulics.

Rear axle

You can take a suitable unit from a car or truck and install it on a homemade structure. You must first shorten the axle shafts on a lathe.

If there is no ready-made bridge, a composite structure from different machines is allowed. The front axle is not driven, so any unit of suitable size will do.

Wheels

The radius of the wheels depends on how the mini-tractor will be used. For transporting goods, discs with a radius of 13 to 16 inches are better suited. To perform agricultural work you will need wheels with a radius of 18-24.

A mini-tractor made by yourself should produce about 2,000 engine revolutions when plowing, at a speed of 3 km/h. To achieve such indicators, it is necessary to adjust the transmission circuit.

Ideally, each wheel of the driving rear axle should be equipped with a separate gearbox. In this case, the rotation is set by a four-section hydraulic distributor.

With this steering scheme, there is no need for a driveshaft and rear axle differential. Hydraulics will control the wheels. The necessary equipment (pump and hydraulic cylinder) can be borrowed from the MTZ-80 tractor.

As you can see, making a mini tractor with your own hands is not at all difficult. Despite the fact that this is a rather labor-intensive process, the result will more than cover all the effort expended. Moreover, assembling a homemade structure is a very exciting activity.

The presence of a piece of land imposes on its owner the responsibility to provide care for it. And one of the urgent problems that must be solved is soil cultivation. Such work can be done manually if the area of the site is no more than 10 acres, and even then this is already problematic.

For large areas you can use a homemade mini tractor, which is an ideal option. At the same time, it is not necessary to purchase a mini-tractor from an official distributor or from a factory, because such equipment can be assembled with your own hands; it is enough to have at least minimal knowledge of technology.

If you compare homemade cars with factory ones in terms of technical characteristics, then the superiority will be on the side of the latter. However, it is still wrong to use new technology to cultivate small areas of land. Moreover, this is due not only to the high costs associated with maintenance and the purchase of fuels and lubricants. This technique can cause serious damage to the soil structure. Therefore, a homemade mini-tractor is a much more preferable alternative. Next we will talk about how to assemble a mini-tractor at home.

Advantages and disadvantages of homemade mini tractors

If you need equipment for cultivating a plot of land, then Don’t immediately discard the idea of creating a mini-tractor with your own hands. In addition to the fact that you can save a lot of money, you will have the opportunity to make a machine that can demonstrate much greater functionality than tractors with more power. A homemade mini-tractor can become your faithful assistant, which can be used for plowing vegetable gardens and planting orchards, as well as cultivating crop areas, transporting small-sized cargo and harvesting crops.

A the cost of producing such equipment is so low, that one season of its operation is enough to cover all costs. The fact is that for the manufacture of such a tractor, components and mechanisms that can be borrowed from broken equipment or bought at bargain prices are suitable. Some owners often show resourcefulness in this matter, and, taking other equipment as a basis, make certain changes to it, as a result of which they get a homemade mini-tractor. Naturally, in this case you will have to perform even fewer operations to assemble the mini-tractor.

Is it true, there are some disadvantages here that need to be mentioned. To make a mini tractor you will need certain parts that may not be so easy to find. Difficulties can also be encountered when certain mechanisms fail, and it is unknown whether it will be possible to find an equivalent replacement for them. It must be remembered that to assemble such equipment, components and mechanisms are used that are borrowed from equipment that has not been produced for a long time. Therefore, it is possible that certain details will not be found.

An important stage in the manufacture of a homemade mini-tractor is drawing up a drawing. To do everything right, you cannot do without technical skills and knowledge. You also need to take into account that the mini-tractor will be used with mounted and trailed equipment, and therefore the owner will have to calculate the traction force of the engine.

Drawing up drawings

Usually, When a person has a desire to assemble some kind of homemade equipment, it all starts with an idea. Some people can do without a work plan presented on paper, relying on their own technical knowledge. However, not everyone is such a master, so it would be better if you start the process of assembling a homemade mini-tractor by preparing a drawing of the main components.

If you find it difficult to solve this problem, you can turn to your friends if they have already done something similar. As a last resort, you can use the Internet and try to find the necessary information there.

After you receive the finished drawing, you can easily assemble a mini tractor. It will be no more difficult than playing with children's construction sets. Schematically, the work will look like this: you will need to take part A and connect it to part B.

Keep in mind that certain components and mechanisms will have to be pre-prepared before assembling the tractor. Keeping in mind that you borrowed them from other equipment, most likely their sizes and other characteristics will differ from those required. But, having a ready-made drawing in hand, you can easily modify all the mechanisms, because you will clearly know what they should be like.

In the process of drawing up the drawing, it is important to decide what design the mini-tractor should have. Quite often farmers choose the 4 x 4 breaking option.

We are talking about a version of the tractor that uses an articulated frame, complemented by a 4-wheel drive. This type of equipment will be an excellent option for processing farms.

How to assemble a mini-tractor with your own hands?

After the drawing is drawn up, you can start preparing the necessary parts. You should have the following available:

Not every owner will find the above items in his household. Therefore, be prepared for the fact that you will have to go through the flea markets, and also look at sites selling spare parts. Surely on one of them you will find the parts you need at bargain prices.