The car engine is equipped with attachments (generator, air conditioning compressor) driven by a serpentine belt. Over time, the product will wear and crack, which can lead to rupture. The need to change the alternator belt yourself may arise if a problem occurs on the road and away from a service center.
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When should you change the alternator belt?
The frequency of replacing the electric generator drive belt is indicated in the vehicle maintenance instructions. It should be remembered that the period on the same machine supplied to different markets may differ. This is due to different climatic conditions and dust levels in the air, which additionally destroy the material of the product.
For example, the Volvo company recommends making an initial replacement after 80 thousand km, and each subsequent change is performed after 60 thousand km. At the same time, on cars from the European market, the belt is changed every 180 thousand km. On VAZ cars, the product rarely lasts more than 30 thousand kilometers.
A typical sign of a stretched belt is a whistling sound that occurs when starting the engine or after driving through a puddle. The source of the sound is the strap material sliding along the surface of the pulley. Usually the whistle quickly disappears and appears again when starting the engine or after another puddle. In this case, the owner needs to check the belt tension and try to bring it to the standard.
Worn belt (right)
What affects wear?
Factors influencing the life of the drive belt:
- Product operating conditions. The ingress of dust, abrasives or chemicals will significantly reduce the life of the strap. Long-term use at low air temperatures has a negative effect on the material.
- Condition of pulleys. The appearance of beating or deformation leads to the destruction of the tracks and edges of the belt.
- Tension. If the tension is too low or too high, the belt will wear out at an accelerated rate.
- Belt release date. Rubber is susceptible to aging, so the strap may break down while in packaging in the warehouse. Violations of storage rules have an additional negative impact.
- Belt manufacturer. There are products made by small companies from low-quality materials. Such straps can break after several thousand kilometers.
Signs of belt wear and product replacement are demonstrated in a video filmed by Vladimir Bazekin.
How to check the belt?
The condition of the belt should be checked not only when a whistle appears, but also periodically. Most car manufacturers recommend visually checking the condition of the strap and tension every 6 months or 25 thousand km. It doesn’t matter whether the car is in use or parked.
Approximate check sequence:
- Open the car hood. located on the crankshaft pulley side. It is necessary to check the condition and tension carefully, keeping your hands away from the cooling system fans. This is due to the fact that the fan can start at any time, even on a cold engine.
- The visual condition is checked by turning the inner part of the belt towards the light. Cracks, abrasion and delamination of the product are unacceptable. If damage appears in a small area, the belt is considered unsuitable for further use. The element is pulled by turning the crankshaft behind the central nut.
- The tension is checked by measuring the deflection under a load of 10 kg. When the distance between the pulley axes is up to 300 mm, the deflection should be 6 mm. When the distance between the axles is within 300-450 mm, a deflection of 12 mm is allowed.
You can check the tension of the generator belt by applying the maximum load, i.e. by turning on all energy consumers except the starter. If the whistle does not occur, then the tension is sufficient.
How to tighten a belt
If there are no cracks or tears on the surface of the belt, then you can try to tighten it. A similar procedure is relevant for Russian-made cars and foreign cars equipped with a mechanical manual tensioner, which is often the generator itself. The belt is tensioned until it stops slipping along the pulleys. At the same time, the car owner must remember that excessive tension loads and disables them.
If the tension of the strap does not allow for normal operation, the part must be replaced. It is prohibited to install spacers under the tension rollers, which will allow you to select an excessive belt length.
Instructions for replacing the drive belt
Replacing the alternator drive belt does not cause problems for most car enthusiasts. After removing a worn strap, it is recommended to inspect the wear pattern. If there is damage to the edges and contact part, this may indicate misalignment of the pulleys. In this case, you need to find the damaged element and replace it. Installing a new belt on a damaged pulley is pointless, since the rubber will quickly wear out on sharp edges. When replacing a belt, you must follow the sequence of steps recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
When replacing the alternator drive belt, it may be necessary to install a new tension pulley and associated fasteners. Information on the list of parts to be replaced can be found in the vehicle repair and operating instructions.
What will be needed for replacement?
Before changing the alternator belt, you will need to prepare a set of tools and materials (the maximum list is given):
- wrenches and sockets;
- new belt and tension roller;
- rod for fixing the roller;
- mounting blade for removing the belt;
- protective gloves;
- a sheet of paper and a pencil for drawing an installation diagram.
A new non-original drive belt may be several millimeters longer than the standard product. The difference in length will be compensated by a tensioning device.
Scheme
Installing the belt on engines with two or three pulleys is not difficult. The situation changes when the belt is installed on a motor equipped with a large number of pulleys. In this case, it is recommended to draw a diagram of the installation of the product. Such an event will speed up the installation process and avoid errors.
Example of belt routing on a Chevrolet Cobalt Circuit designations:
- 1 — crankshaft pulley;
- 2 — generator pulley;
- 3 - guide roller;
- 4 — air conditioning compressor clutch;
- 5 — pump pulley and additional drive pulley for the amplifier pump;
- 6 — belt;
- 7 - tension roller.
Algorithm of actions
The procedure differs depending on the engine design and the number of attachments. Below are step-by-step instructions for replacing belts on common vehicles. On other vehicles, the operation uses similar technology.
By car VAZ Granta
You can replace the belt on a VAZ Granta car without a tensioner according to the following algorithm:
- Cut off the old strap using a knife.
- Turn the generator mounting bolt from below 3-4 turns.
- Unscrew the top mounting bolt completely and remove it from the hole.
- Push the generator forward until the mounting ear is inserted into the bracket.
- Secure the mechanism with wire or other means.
- Place the belt on the alternator pulley and the top of the crankshaft pulley. Some car owners use an additional device that holds the strap on the device while putting it on.
- Turn the motor shaft with a wrench to fully install the belt.
- Fix the generator in its original place. Check the operation of the components at full load of the generator and at different crankshaft speeds.
On Kia Sid
You can change the alternator belt as follows:
- Remove the fixing bolt located on the top of the generator.
- Lift the clamp up, removing the bolt from the guide groove.
- Rotate the device relative to the bottom bolt. If the mount is “stuck”, then the generator is turned by light blows with a hammer applied through a wooden block.
- Remove the worn belt and pressure roller.
- After this, you need to mount a new roller and only then can you put on the belt.
- Tension the strap as recommended in the operating instructions. Check the operation of the unit, if a whistle appears, increase the tension slightly.
For Volkswagen Polo Sedan
An example of replacing a belt on a Volkswagen Polo Sedan engine equipped with an automatic tensioner:
- Loosen the belt tension by releasing the tension roller fixing bolt. Nut size 16 mm.
- Turn the roller mounting bracket counterclockwise. Turning takes place with effort as the tension spring is compressed.
- Carefully remove the belt from the crankshaft pulleys and drive units.
- Remove the roller using a 16 mm socket inserted into the recess under the generator. If the tension roller does not change, then it is fixed in the spin position using a metal rod inserted into the hole in the housing.
- Place the belt on the pulleys, then carefully release the tension roller. The tensioner automatically adjusts the tension level of the product.
Video “Maintenance and replacement of the alternator belt”
Maintenance and replacement of the alternator belt are shown in a video tutorial filmed by the avto-blogger channel. ru.
Periodically check the tension and condition of the fan drive belt and power steering pump, generator and cooling system pump of the ZMZ-5143 engine on the UAZ-315148. Replace drive belts if they are damaged or overstretched.
Tension the fan drive belt and power steering pump in the following sequence:
— Loosen the power steering pump mounting bolt, the roller nut and the locknut of the adjusting unit. Rotate the tension bolt and move the power steering pump until the belt tension is normal.
— Check the belt tension by applying a load of 8 kgf in the middle between the fan and pump pulleys, while the belt deflection should be 8-9 mm. Tighten the power steering pump mounts, the roller nut and the adjuster locknut.
Replace the fan drive belt and power steering pump on the UAZ-315148 in the following sequence:
— Loosen the power steering pump mounting bolt, the roller nut and the locknut of the adjusting unit. Rotate the tension bolt to release the belt tension.
Tensioning and replacing the generator belt and cooling system pump on the UAZ-315148.
Tension the drive belt and cooling system pump in the following order:
— Loosen the tension roller bolt. By tightening the bolt that moves the roller, set the tension roller to a position that provides the required tension on the drive belt.
— Check the belt tension by applying a load of 8 kgf in the middle between the generator and water pump pulleys, while the belt deflection should be 13-15 mm.
— Tighten the bolt securing the tension roller to the axle.
Replace the generator drive belt and system pump on the UAZ-315148 in the following sequence:
— Remove the fan and power steering pump drive belt.
— Remove the upper and lower casings of the injection pump drive belt.
— Remove the injection pump drive belt.
— Loosen the bolt securing the tension roller to the axle.
— By unscrewing the tension roller moving bolt, loosen the belt tension.
— Replace the belt and tension it as indicated above.
— Tighten the bolt securing the tension roller to the axle and install the injection pump drive belt and the injection pump drive belt covers.
— Install the fan and power steering pump drive belt and tension it.
To supply the vehicle's electrical systems with energy, each vehicle has two power sources - a DC battery and a three-phase alternating current generator equipped with a powerful rectifier bridge. But for the latter to start producing current, it must be made to spin. This is done with the engine running using the crankshaft and belt. Often the latter requires replacement.
Belt drive: advantages and disadvantages
The generator belt drive belongs to transmissions called flexible coupling. The drive includes two pulleys - the drive one is mounted on the end of the crankshaft, the driven one is mounted on the generator shaft, as well as a belt thrown over them. The transmission of torque is carried out due to friction forces.
Alternator Belt Types
Since different brands of passenger cars have different types of engines, they use three types of alternator belts:
- wedge (in cross-section they have the shape of a trapezoid, are capable of transmitting significant forces, and can withstand large overloads);
- poly-wedge (wide, with longitudinal grooves, have reverse flexibility and are used to transmit rotation to several devices);
- gear (they have transverse grooves on the inside and are endowed with the ability to accurately maintain the gear ratio).
A separate belt drive of a powerful 3-phase generator of a modern passenger car is a poly-V belt, consisting of many longitudinal V-shaped teeth located on the inside of a flat endless base. The main condition for stable operation of the generator belt is the mandatory presence of a tensioner. It can be a tension roller or the generator itself.
Poly V-belt drive has both advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages
- low weight and small thickness allow the belt to be used in engine drives with high speeds;
- increased reverse flexibility allows you to simultaneously transmit rotation to the hydraulic booster, water pump, generator, and air conditioning compressor;
- has increased resistance to cracking;
- protects the generator from shock and peak loads during engine start and stop;
- protects the generator from overload due to the belt slipping in the pulleys;
- stable transmission of torque with a significant distance between the crankshaft and generator pulleys;
- simplicity of design;
- smooth and silent operation;
- no type of lubrication required;
- low cost combined with a long service life.
Flaws
- the ends of the shafts with pulleys and support bearings are under the influence of considerable forces arising from strong tension;
- when heavy loads occur, severe wear of the side surfaces is observed due to slipping;
- service life depends on correct tension;
- the mechanism cannot operate normally if oil gets on it, so protection from any type of lubricant is required.
Design and material of the alternator belt
The V-belt consists of 5 layers
The product must have the following characteristics:
- high strength under significant load fluctuations;
- good wear resistance;
- maximum coefficient of adhesion to the working surfaces of the pulleys;
- be flexible but tough.
The poly V-belt consists of the following layers
The generator drive is made in the form of an endless flat belt, on the inner surface of which there are longitudinal wedge-shaped ribs. This design combines the elasticity of a flat belt with the increased adhesive strength of a V-belt. The base is a cord reinforced layer of synthetic cords covered with rubberized fabric made of high-strength rubber. This design is practically not subject to stretching.
When to change the alternator belt
Modern technologies make it possible to make a generator belt so durable that it can operate without failure for a long time - several tens of thousands of miles. Many manufacturers set a standard for mandatory replacement of the alternator belt at 80–100 thousand kilometers. But there must be monitoring of the condition of this important element of the generator drive. Common practice: visual inspection for cracks and frayed edges when a persistent whistling noise appears. Premature damage is caused by burrs and misalignment on the pulleys, as well as improper tension. A break will be indicated by two indicator lights. The first is about the lack of battery charging. The second is about a sharp increase in coolant temperature (for example, on a classic, the water pump and generator run from one consumable).
What to do if it breaks
Broken alternator belt
If the belt breaks on the road and there is no spare, the situation will be quite serious. It's especially difficult at night. You can only move in tow with the engine turned off, which is very dangerous. If during the day, then you can drive a short distance on the battery, turning off all unnecessary sources of current consumption: lights, radio, stove, navigator and other devices. In a hopeless situation, you can try to use available means:
- cut the torn one in half lengthwise, fold the halves together and make a circle of the required length, wrap both halves with strong twine;
- a waist belt, the ends of which are fastened with wire;
- women's tights, tie the ends in a tight knot;
- strong rope, wrap the ends with strong twine;
- a harness from a car inner tube, wrap the ends with twine or wire.
How to choose the right one
If the belt begins to deteriorate due to prolonged use or severe wear, it must be changed immediately. The main criterion is the length, which can be found from the catalog, knowing the catalog number of the part of this car brand and its equipment. For example, the length for the VAZ 2110–2112 brand is different for different models:
- for 8 and 16 valve engines, including the Priora, with a minimum configuration - the length is 742 mm;
- for a 16 valve engine with hydraulic booster - 1115 mm;
- for models equipped with air conditioning - 1125 mm.
Marking is applied to the outside of the belt
The length can be determined from the markings that are applied to the outer surface. It is recommended to buy an original product from the manufacturer whose products are equipped with the car on the assembly line.
Alternator Serpentine Belt Manufacturers
GATES alternator serpentine belt
American GATES Company and its products are the most famous among all manufacturers of ribbed belts. GATES spare parts are supplied to assembly lines of cars and trucks in Italy, France, Germany, Sweden, Japan, Korea, the USA and other countries. Her belts are high quality, durable, but quite expensive. This brand is most often counterfeited by unscrupulous manufacturers of low-quality consumables.
German Continenta company l is also well known for the quality of its products.
German Bosch company has an excellent reputation in the world for many products, including ribbed belts.
American DAYCO company occupies 2nd place in the belt market and supplies its products to the assembly lines of automobile concerns in Italy, France, Germany and other countries. Original DAYCO products enjoy the trust of consumers not only among motorists in European countries, but also in the USA, Asia, and Africa.
PJSC "BalakovoRezinoTekhnika"- Russian manufacturer of original rubber products for VAZ, GAZ and KamAZ conveyors. Its products for generators are readily purchased by owners of LADA, Volga, Gazelle and other domestic brands.
Do-it-yourself alternator belt replacement
An experienced driver always carries a spare part of the right size and type. Changing it is not difficult if you have the necessary tools and minimal plumbing skills.
Video: Replacing the belt and roller on Renault Megane 2
The procedure (replacement is made with the engine not running and the battery terminal removed) is as follows:
- provide access to the belt, which may require removing the front wheel, engine mudguard, and for some brands, crankcase protection; for an injection engine, it is necessary to remove the crankshaft position sensor;
- loosen the belt tension by loosening the bolt (or nut) of the tension roller or the generator itself;
- record in memory the location of the belt if it operates several devices at the same time;
- you need to remove the old belt from the very top pulley, then compare it with the new one - they should be identical (there should be no discrepancy in profile and length);
- find out the cause of the belt damage and eliminate it;
- to put the new belt in place, you need to start with the crankshaft pulley, then throw it on the generator and lastly on the water pump; then you need to adjust the degree of tension (when pressing with a finger with a force of 10 kg, the sag should not exceed 10 mm);
- replace the battery terminal, start the engine and turn on the headlights, heater, air conditioner and other powerful current consumers (there should be no whistling, knocking, or noise; the headlights should shine evenly at any speed);
- Replace the parts that were removed initially.
Video: Checking and replacing engine assembly belts
Signs of an incorrect replacement
If the belt is overtightened, the load on the generator shaft bearings will increase and it will begin to slow down the shaft. The force to rotate the generator will increase, the load on the crankshaft will become greater, and fuel consumption will increase.
If it is not fully tensioned, it will begin to slip and the generator will begin to rotate at lower speeds. Under heavy load, the spare part begins to whistle due to slipping. Getting rid of the whistle is easy - you just need to tighten the belt.
If it rotates on misaligned or bent pulleys, vibration occurs due to the beating of the pulley. It can also be caused by faulty bearings in the tension pulley or generator. A low-quality cheap belt can also vibrate when it begins to stick to the surface of the pulley. If the vibration is not eliminated, the consumable will break very quickly.
Video: Cold noise and belt vibration
Replacing the alternator belt yourself is not a difficult task, doable even for a novice car enthusiast. If everything is done in a timely manner, slowly, and carefully, there should be no harmful consequences for the car.
Welcome!
This part links the alternator pulley to the crankshaft pulley and the water pump pulley on classic models. On front-wheel drive vehicles, the pump pulley connects the timing belt. A broken alternator belt on a classic will cause poorly functioning devices, because the energy will come only from the battery, and accordingly, if the charge is poor, the devices will malfunction. On the contrary, if the battery is powerful and sufficiently charged, then the devices will not go out for some time and you may not even notice that the belt has broken. And here you need to remember about the pump and pay attention to it. Since the belt binds it, a rupture will lead to the cessation of coolant circulation in the system and the car will begin to overheat.
Note!
you will need the following tools: a mounting spatula (a convenient thick stick or a small metal crowbar will do), wrenches for “17” and “19” will be needed.
Belt location
Located in the front of the car. In the photo, the red arrow shows the radiator of the cooling system and the bar on which the battery sits (now removed). The belt connecting the three pulleys is indicated in the photo with a blue arrow.
When to change the belt?
The main reason is wear: various kinds of cracks, worn edges, worn teeth. We do not recommend delaying the replacement of the belt, otherwise a rupture will lead to overheating of the engine and even boiling during extreme heat. The battery will quickly discharge in the absence of support from the generator, which will stop spinning and giving out energy.
Note!
Have you ever heard a car whistle? The timing belt makes a sound; it occurs for various reasons:
- severe wear often leads to whistling;
- water or any liquid getting on it (for example, coolant gets on the belt when the cooling system pipes are worn out and leaking. Inspecting the belt and pulleys for moisture will help identify the problem);
- low belt tension (adjustment will come to the rescue, read below);
- poor quality of the belt, sometimes it’s just an oak belt (by the way, it hardens in cold weather).
Most cars in the winter make a whistle when starting the engine, but a warm car no longer whistles - a sign of a stiff belt.
The video below can save you in an emergency: if your belt suddenly breaks on the road and there is no spare, a regular belt or tie will come to your aid! Watch the video in detail and remember, you never know, anything will come in handy in life.
Changing the belt on a VAZ 2101-VAZ 2107
Removal
Note!
Removing the battery will make the belt easier to access. The process is described in the article: “Replacing the battery in cars.”
Evaluate the appearance of the belt. If the condition is good, check the tension and tighten it if necessary. It’s easy to check: press the belt with your fingers with a force of 10 kg anywhere. Either in place “A” the distance by which the belt should bend will be 10-15 mm, or in place “B” 12-17 mm (see picture).
Note!
It is more convenient to press and check the deflection at point “A”. Any deviation from the norm requires tightening the belt. Remember, do not remove the belt from the pulleys unless you intend to replace them!
Move to the lower part of the car and unscrew the lower nut of the generator one turn (see small photo), get out from under the car and go to the engine compartment. Loosen the nut of the upper fastening of the generator one or two turns (red arrow in the photo), an extension with a universal joint and a union head will help you (tools are indicated by a blue arrow). Loosen through the battery installation bar.
Note!
The top nut securing the generator to the bar is screwed differently for everyone, so when you feel that the nut goes on easily (be careful not to unscrew it completely), then stop unscrewing immediately!
Let's move on to changing the belt. Use your hands to move the alternator towards the engine and remove the belt. If you just need to adjust, then insert a mounting spade between the engine and between the generator itself (see photo below), and, using the spade as a lever, move the generator away from the engine. Holding it in this position with a spatula, tighten the upper nut securing the generator to the bar and the lower one too. Release the paddle and remove it, check the belt tension and, if necessary, perform the operation again (if the tension is not within the normal range).
Installation
First, install the belt on the crankshaft pulley. In the image above, look at the pulley indicated by number 3, the generator pulley by number 2 and the pump pulley by number 1. Move the generator completely towards the engine, if it is moved, but the belt still does not install, then carefully turn the pump pulley (upper) by hand, or at the extreme In this case, ask an assistant to use a crooked starter to turn the pulley a little, while you put the belt on the upper pulley of the pump.
Note!
We attach a video about adjusting belt tension, enjoy watching!
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