Every car enthusiast knows what ice is. Unfortunately, during this period the number of road accidents increases sharply, especially considering how our roads are cleaned. Therefore, especially if you still haven’t found the money for a winter set of tires, then this option for a cheap amateur radio development will not be superfluous to you. The first ice sensor design will tell you the ambient temperature to make you more alert.
In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator boils, I propose to assemble a circuit whose basis is a temperature sensor.
To reduce the level of noise arising from the engine, a filter VD1, C1 is used. The signaling device can use a flashing red LED.
As soon as the air temperature outside the car drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the device will warn the driver about the possibility of ice forming on the road. For this purpose, in addition to the temperature indicator, the front panel includes an LED and a speaker.
Seat belt sensor |
If you drive without wearing seat belts, you can get injured in an accident, or run into a fine, or even give a bribe to a traffic cop. Expensive foreign cars have special sensors that signal to the driver that the seat belt is not fastened. But in Russian basins and even in foreign cars made in Russia, they often do not exist. However, this is a necessary thing and with some simple manipulations you can install it even in Zaporozhets. For this, a seat belt lock needs to be installed with a sensor made of a spring ring. If the metal tongue of the lock is in the groove, then it closes this ring to the “body-ground” of the car. Therefore, if the belt is not fastened, there will be a logical one at the output of chip 1 D1, which will lead to the launch of the multivibrators, and the piezo emitter B1 will begin to whistle intermittently.
The device for monitoring the water level in the radiator is designed to signal a decrease in the water level, which will lead to overheating of the engine.
The basis of the device is a multivibrator using transistors T2 and T3. Its load is signal lamp L1. Transistor T4 helps to more clearly record the operating state of transistor T2. When the probe in the radiator is immersed in water, a bias voltage is applied to the base of transistor T1 and it is open. In this case, transistors T2 and T3 are closed, lamp L1 is off. When the water level in the radiator drops, the probe ends up in the air, transistor T1 closes, T2 opens. The multivibrator starts to operate with a frequency of 2 Hz, and the signal lamp blinks at the same frequency. Transistors T1, T2 can be taken like KT361, T3 - KT602, T4 - KT315. Diode type KD510 or other point silicon
Most cars do not have a device from which the driver can judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network varies widely, depending on the operating mode of the power supply system. As a rule, the accuracy of measuring its value is not required.
All the schemes described in the article are used to receive timely warnings about the low battery in the car, which will help the driver avoid many unnecessary problems.
As is known, up to 25-30% of transport accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver while driving, telemetric systems have been developed to monitor the blinking frequency of his eyelids, register biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, and the need to fix various sensors on the driver’s skin.
In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a fundamentally new technical solution has been developed and tested in practice, characterized by simplicity, operational reliability, and low cost. The principle of operation of the pre-sleep alarm device is based on automatic monitoring of the force of compression of the steering wheel by the driver while driving the vehicle.
Psychophysiological studies have established that the initial stages of a decrease in mental activity (the initial stages of the onset of a pre-sleep state) of the driver are accompanied by a decrease in the force of compression of the steering wheel. To continuously record the force of compression of the steering wheel by the driver, a sensor device has been developed, made in the form of a resistive sensor fixed on the steering wheel, galvanically connected through an electronic threshold setter with an acoustic and sound signaling device.
where 1 is the steering wheel
2-elastic shell (rubber tube) of the sensor
3-graphite powder
4-conductive sensor electrode plugs
5-electronic unit 6-sound alarm
Structurally, the resistive sensor is made in the form of a rubber tube filled with graphite powder and equipped with electrode plugs. When the sensor fixed on the steering wheel is compressed, its electrical resistance decreases due to a decrease in the contact resistance between the graphite filler particles.
This phenomenon is used to monitor the driver's condition. The electrical circuit diagram of the driver's pre-sleep state indicator is shown in Fig. 2. The circuit contains a comparator DA1, a low-frequency generator based on elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, an inverter based on element DD1.3, an amplifier based on transistor VT1 and an electrodynamic loudspeaker BA1. The output electrical signal of sensor R1 is fed to the inverting input of comprator DA1, where it is compared with the reference voltage taken from resistor R4 and supplied to the non-inverting input DA1.
If the voltage at the non-inverting input of the comparator becomes greater than at the inverting input, then there is no voltage at the output of the comparator DA1, which is used to power the audio frequency generator (DD1.1 and DD1.2). When the driver's grip on the car's steering wheel reaches its minimum permissible value, the voltage at the non-inverting input becomes lower than at the inverting input, and the power supply voltage is supplied to the audio frequency generator.
The signal taken from the audio frequency generator is amplified by transistor VT1 and fed to loudspeaker BA1. The sound alarm threshold is set with resistor R4, the sound volume is set with resistor R5. To manufacture the device, you can use fixed resistors of the MLT-0.125 W type; variable R4 - SP-33-48; and the tuning R6 is SP3-22. Oxide capacitor C3 type K50-40; C1, C2 - K10-23. Transistor VT1-KT315G or with any other letter index. Electrodynamic diffuser loudspeaker VA1-0.5-GD-17 or any other similar one.
The device is mounted on a board made of one-sided foil fiberglass laminate with a thickness of 1...1.5 mm, dimensions 32x55 mm. One of the possible options for the arrangement of circuit elements and, accordingly, the design of the printed circuit board is shown in Fig. 3. Thus, any unacceptable relaxation, accompanied by a decrease in the contact force of the driver’s fingers - steering wheel system, will be accompanied by a corresponding alarm.
This ensures the implementation of a mode of continuous monitoring of a physiological parameter, which is a potential initiating factor in pre-emergency situations. The proposed development compares favorably with known analogues in terms of functional parameters and technical advantages, in particular, the possibility of its practical use without introducing any inconvenience of a technical, psychological, ergonomic and aesthetic nature into the natural algorithm of driver control of any vehicle. In our opinion, the simplicity of the design solution of the development and the general availability of its reproduction create real prerequisites for its widespread implementation as part of the implementation of programs to reduce accidents in transport.
This article provides diagrams of the simplest electronic alarms, which can be made by anyone who is at least minimally familiar with electronics or simply knows how to hold a soldering iron in their hand. Such alarms are useful in many cases. They can be placed on windows if there is a small child in the house who can open them. There is a guarded parking lot on the doors of the apartment or garage. And when triggered, the watchman will call the police. You can install such an alarm in your apartment if you are friends with your neighbors. Even if you are going on a hike, it is not a sin to spread a security line around the camp at night in case wild animals or strangers appear.
First scheme Electronic signaling is simple to the extreme, it couldn’t be simpler. This is just one transistor, resistor and executive relay. If an audible alarm is expected, then instead of a relay, an audible siren or howler is turned on.
Principle of operation: The security loop is a thin wire, or a closed contact. When the wire is intact (or the contact is closed), the base of the transistor is grounded and the transistor is turned off. No current flows between the collector and emitter.
If the security wire is broken or the contact is opened, the base will be connected to the power source through resistor R1, the transistor will open and the relay (or siren) will operate. You can turn it off only by turning off the power or restoring the security loop.
Such an alarm can be used to protect your belongings, for example. A reed switch is used as a security contact; the alarm is hidden in the side pocket of a bag or backpack, and a magnet is placed nearby. If the magnet is removed from the alarm itself (move the thing), the siren will squeal loudly.
Second scheme with more advanced user features
As in the first case, a security loop, a normally closed (in security mode) contact or a reed switch closed by a magnetic field serves as a sensor. If the loop is broken, an alarm is triggered and continues to operate until the power is turned off. Restoring the loop does not turn off the alarm; it will still continue to work for some time. The alarm has a temporary blocking button, which is necessary for the owner to leave the protected area. The alarm also has a response delay, which is necessary for the owner to turn it off when he enters the protected area.
Let's analyze the operation of the circuit. Before arming the alarm, you must turn off (open) switch S1. It must be installed in a secret place near the entrance. You can use, for example, a hidden reed switch, which is closed or opened by moving an object with a magnet built into it, etc. This switch blocks the operation of the system and it stops responding to a broken loop. When leaving, switch S1 opens and capacitor C2 begins to charge through resistor R2. Until the capacitor is charged to a certain value, the system is “blind”. And you have time to leave the facility by restoring the security loop or closing the contacts. By selecting the values of resistor R2 and capacitor C2, achieve an acceptable output delay for yourself.
If the security loop is broken, then capacitor C1 will begin to charge through resistor R1. This pair creates a slight delay in the alarm, and the owner has time to neutralize it by turning on switch S1. It is necessary to select the values of the resistor and capacitor for a comfortable response delay time.
If the loop is broken by an intruder who does not know how to turn off the alarm, then some time after the loop is broken, the alarm will go off (at both inputs of element D1.1 there will be a logical “1”, respectively, at the output “0”. Having passed through the inverter D1 .2 it will again become “1" and open transistor VT1. The transistor will discharge capacitor C3 and, through the inverter, open transistor VT2, which will force the executive relay to operate or turn on the siren.
Even if the attacker quickly restores the loop, the siren will continue to work, since capacitor C3 will be charged for sufficient time through resistor R3. It is the ratings of this pair that determine the operating time of the alarm after the loop is restored. If the loop is not restored, the alarm will work continuously.
Microcircuit - K561LA7, transistors - any n-p-n (KT315, KT815, etc.) Power source - any with a voltage of +5 - +15 Volts. The executive relay or siren can be connected to a more powerful power source than the circuit itself. In standby mode, the circuit consumes virtually no current (at the level of battery self-discharge).
A simple homemade device will help to accompany the light indication of events with sound signals. The dashboard of a car is intended not only to indicate the speed of movement; in addition to dial gauges, it also contains light indicators - light bulbs.
Some of them are designed to indicate the normal state of the car - the inclusion of headlights and turn signals. Others to indicate an emergency condition are low battery, low oil pressure, low oil level, brake failure, low brake fluid level, coolant leak, driving with the door open, and the like.
The emergency indicators are the most important, but the lighting of the light on the dashboard, especially on a bright sunny day, may not be noticed at the time. And this can have very unpleasant and even catastrophic consequences.
Fig.1. Schematic diagram of the signaling device connection.
Some cars have a sound backup of the light bulb to indicate a malfunction, while other cars do not have one. However, almost any car, both domestic and foreign, can be equipped with an additional audible malfunction indicator. The diagram is shown in the figure.
A “beeper” with a built-in generator is used as a signaling device, in series with which a flashing LED is switched on. The flashing LED is needed only to interrupt the current through the “beeper” and it beeped intermittently.
In most domestic cars and many foreign ones, to turn on the indicator lamps, contact sensors are used, which, for example, such as an oil pressure sensor, connect a light bulb to the body (to ground), and those that connect a light bulb to the plus of the on-board network (for example, a sensor brake serviceability).
Both can work in this scheme. Sensors connecting light bulbs to ground - S4-S6. When they close, the corresponding diode VD4-VD6 opens and power is supplied to the alarm through it. And the turning on of the indicator lamp is accompanied by the sound of an alarm. Sensors S1-S3 connect the light bulbs to the plus of the on-board network.
When they are shorted, diodes VD1-VDЗ (or one of these diodes) open. This leads to the supply of an opening voltage to the base of the transistor switch VT1, in the collector circuit of which a circuit of series-connected “beepers” BF1 and a flashing LED NI is included. The transistor opens and the alarm sounds. The transistor here acts as an inverter.
The entire circuit can be easily mounted in a three-dimensional manner on the back of the dashboard, or made in a separate housing and placed in a convenient place. I don’t see any point in developing a board for it. The diagram conventionally shows three sensors of different types. In a particular car there may be a different number. If all sensors are shorted to ground, the -cascade on VT1 can be eliminated.
At the first moment after turning on the ignition, the warning light sounds until the engine is started (the oil pressure light is on). This is perhaps the only drawback of the alarm.
No setup required. After a number of years ago, a traffic rule appeared requiring driving with low beams on during the daytime, some drivers began to have problems due to the fact that the headlights are not particularly noticeable during the day, and it is quite possible to park the car on parking lot, forgetting to turn off the headlights.
Of course, when you turn off the ignition, the low beam headlights turn off automatically, but the side lights continue to work - they need to be turned off. And if they are not turned off, the battery may discharge after a few hours of parking, and starting the engine will be difficult, especially in winter.
To remind the driver of the need to both turn on the headlights and turn them off, a very simple signaling device is provided, the diagram of which is shown in Figure 2.
The circuit is a signaling device consisting of a series-connected “beeper” with a built-in generator and a flashing LED that interrupts the current through the “beeper”. The alarm is connected to the vehicle's electrical circuit through a diode bridge using diodes VD1-VD4, which allows the alarm to sound at any polarity of the supply current.
Fig.2. A very simple oil pressure indicator.
One input of the rectifier is connected to the oil pressure sensor, and the second to the side lights.
Here's how it works:
- The engine is running, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are open, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also open. Current flows through the oil pressure light and through the side light bulbs. The alarm sounds.
- The engine is off, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, but the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are open. No current flows since both bridge inputs are connected to negative. The alarm does not sound.
- The engine is on, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are closed. No current flows since both bridge inputs are connected to positive. The alarm does not sound.
- The engine is off, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also closed. Current flows through the oil pressure sensor and through the contacts of the side lamp switch. The alarm sounds.
All parts indicated in the diagram can be replaced with any analogues. The “tweeter” must have a built-in generator and a rated power supply of 12V.
A simple homemade device will help to accompany the light indication of events with sound signals. The dashboard of a car is intended not only to indicate the speed of movement; in addition to dial gauges, it also contains light indicators - light bulbs.
Some of them are designed to indicate the normal state of the car - the inclusion of headlights and turn signals. Others to indicate an emergency condition are low battery, low oil pressure, low oil level, brake failure, low brake fluid level, coolant leak, driving with the door open, and the like.
The emergency indicators are the most important, but the lighting of the light on the dashboard, especially on a bright sunny day, may not be noticed at the time. And this can have very unpleasant and even catastrophic consequences.
Fig.1. Schematic diagram of the signaling device connection.
Some cars have a sound backup of the light bulb to indicate a malfunction, while other cars do not have one. However, almost any car, both domestic and foreign, can be equipped with an additional audible malfunction indicator. The diagram is shown in the figure.
A “beeper” with a built-in generator is used as a signaling device, in series with which a flashing LED is switched on. The flashing LED is needed only to interrupt the current through the “beeper” and it beeped intermittently.
In most domestic cars and many foreign ones, to turn on the indicator lamps, contact sensors are used, which, for example, such as an oil pressure sensor, connect a light bulb to the body (to ground), and those that connect a light bulb to the plus of the on-board network (for example, a sensor brake serviceability).
Both can work in this scheme. Sensors connecting light bulbs to ground - S4-S6. When they close, the corresponding diode VD4-VD6 opens and power is supplied to the alarm through it. And the turning on of the indicator lamp is accompanied by the sound of an alarm. Sensors S1-S3 connect the light bulbs to the plus of the on-board network.
When they are shorted, diodes VD1-VDЗ (or one of these diodes) open. This leads to the supply of an opening voltage to the base of the transistor switch VT1, in the collector circuit of which a circuit of series-connected “beepers” BF1 and a flashing LED NI is included. The transistor opens and the alarm sounds. The transistor here acts as an inverter.
The entire circuit can be easily mounted in a three-dimensional manner on the back of the dashboard, or made in a separate housing and placed in a convenient place. I don’t see any point in developing a board for it. The diagram conventionally shows three sensors of different types. In a particular car there may be a different number. If all sensors are shorted to ground, the -cascade on VT1 can be eliminated.
At the first moment after turning on the ignition, the warning light sounds until the engine is started (the oil pressure light is on). This is perhaps the only drawback of the alarm.
No setup required. After a number of years ago, a traffic rule appeared requiring driving with low beams on during the daytime, some drivers began to have problems due to the fact that the headlights are not particularly noticeable during the day, and it is quite possible to park the car on parking lot, forgetting to turn off the headlights.
Of course, when you turn off the ignition, the low beam headlights turn off automatically, but the side lights continue to work - they need to be turned off. And if they are not turned off, the battery may discharge after a few hours of parking, and starting the engine will be difficult, especially in winter.
To remind the driver of the need to both turn on the headlights and turn them off, a very simple signaling device is provided, the diagram of which is shown in Figure 2.
The circuit is a signaling device consisting of a series-connected “beeper” with a built-in generator and a flashing LED that interrupts the current through the “beeper”. The alarm is connected to the vehicle's electrical circuit through a diode bridge using diodes VD1-VD4, which allows the alarm to sound at any polarity of the supply current.
Fig.2. A very simple oil pressure indicator.
One input of the rectifier is connected to the oil pressure sensor, and the second to the side lights.
Here's how it works:
- The engine is running, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are open, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also open. Current flows through the oil pressure light and through the side light bulbs. The alarm sounds.
- The engine is off, the headlights are off. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, but the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are open. No current flows since both bridge inputs are connected to negative. The alarm does not sound.
- The engine is on, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts that supply current to the side lights (and headlights) are closed. No current flows since both bridge inputs are connected to positive. The alarm does not sound.
- The engine is off, the headlights are on. This means that the contacts of the oil pressure sensor are closed, and the contacts supplying current to the side lights (and headlights) are also closed. Current flows through the oil pressure sensor and through the contacts of the side lamp switch. The alarm sounds.
All parts indicated in the diagram can be replaced with any analogues. The “tweeter” must have a built-in generator and a rated power supply of 12V.
A selection of original and interesting circuit solutions and improvements for various types of cars.
Automatic car charger- The circuit turns on the battery for charging when its voltage drops to a certain level and turns it off when it reaches the maximum.
Charger for a car using an integrated circuit LM7815- The basis of the circuit is the LM7815 integrated circuit with a protection system and analog indicator circuits. A voltmeter and an ammeter added to the circuit as indicators provide monitoring of current and voltage while the battery is charging.
Automatic voltage polarity switch for charger - designed for charging twelve-volt car batteries. Its main feature is that it allows connecting a battery with any polarity.
Automatic charger for car lead-acid batteries
Charger for powerful car batteries- based on the IR2153 chip, this is a self-clocked half-bridge driver, which is quite often used in industrial ballasts for fluorescent lamps
Engine overheat sensor. In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator turns into steam, you can use the design on the DS1821 thermostat
Ice sensor As soon as the air temperature drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the LED mounted on the vehicle's dashboard will begin to blink; as the temperature drops further, the LED blinks at a higher frequency. And if the temperature drops to - 1 degree or lower, the LED will light continuously until - 6 degrees, and then the device automatically turns off.
Seat belt sensor If you drive without wearing seat belts, you can get injured in an accident or face a fine. The radio amateur has special developments in his arsenal that signal to the driver that the seat belt is not fastened
Radiator water level indicator. A device that signals a decrease in water level, which will inevitably lead to overheating of the motor.
Voltage indicator in the vehicle's on-board network Most cars do not have a device from which the driver can judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the vehicle's on-board network varies widely, depending on the operating mode of the power supply system.
Scheme of pre-sleep driver status indicator As is known, up to 25-30% of transport accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver while driving, telemetric systems have been developed to monitor the blinking frequency of his eyelids, register biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, and the need to fix various sensors on the driver’s skin
Amateur radio selection on the topic of lighting in the car interior, as well as homemade designs from rear license plate illumination to replacing light bulbs in the instrument panel: LED turn signal, automatic anti-glare flashlight, Low beam diagrams, designs and accessories for headlights, Stop signal, its purpose and modifications, Delay diagram for turning on and off the light in the car interior, Running lights automatic control circuit on a microcontroller, etc.
Making a neutral sensor. Many car enthusiasts know that installing a car alarm with auto start on a car with a manual transmission is quite difficult, and switching the alarm to the “automatic” mode can get an unpleasant result. But, to solve these problems, you can make the autostart operation safer by installing a neutral sensor from the reed switch. Let us remind you that with an autostart with a manual transmission, the logical neutral position of the car, arming the car and locking the doors can only be done with the engine running and the handbrake raised. If these conditions are not met, then autostart is not possible.
Anti-theft device simulator simulates engine malfunctions of your car
Remote anti-theft device using infrared rays. Schemes of remote security devices for cars using IR rays, which use information coding, are considered.
Recommendations for installing car alarms What can be done to prevent car theft? Of course, install an anti-theft system. There are many different types of alarm devices available today. Many companies and installation stations can offer the car owner a number of ways to protect the car from theft. A good alarm system does not guarantee complete safety. A competent, and sometimes non-standard, alarm installation is also required. A qualified installer knows the most common methods used by hijackers and uses this knowledge during installation
Simple starter blocking circuit consists of just one resistor and optocoupler.
Diagram of a simple bicycle anti-theft system This design for a bicycle will work if you change its position or if you touch it. The alarm sound lasts 30 seconds, and after a few seconds it repeats, and so on until the bicycle anti-theft device is turned off.
Wireless car alarm- blocks the car engine using any mobile phone or smartphone
Articles about making tools and devices for servicing and repairing cars and their main components with your own hands: Car battery maintenance; diagrams of stroboscopes-tachometers; Car paint thickness gauge; Homemade regrower for cutting tread and other original designs.
We bring to the attention of radio amateurs a circuit of an electronic ground switch that does not have mechanical contacts and is therefore more reliable and durable. In addition, this device can also be used as an anti-theft device.
Car diagrams. Parktronic on a digital chip |
Parktronic is a special auxiliary device that provides additional convenience, especially for a novice car enthusiast, when parking by calculating the distance to the obstacles closest to the car and signaling the approach to them with sound and visual signs. All parking sensors work like a radar, that is, they emit ultrasonic waves using special ultrasonic sensors and analyze the sound signal reflected from obstacles
It's the 21st century, and car speedometers in most cars are still analog, processing signals coming from a conventional speed sensor. Let's correct this misunderstanding, Nav to help, a simple speedometer circuit on a microcontroller for making it yourself
Of course, this is not a professional device, but its modest capabilities will allow you to identify the degree of alcohol concentration for the driver’s self-control in order to prevent trouble on the road.
I think every car enthusiast will not refuse to have an additional service connector in the car, adapted for USB or miniUSB. Such adapters will help out in many situations, for example, powering PC peripherals, charging mobile phones or smartphones, event video recorders, and anything that is powered from the USB bus.
Motion sensors (MS) can be used not only for their intended purpose to turn on lights or as an element of a security alarm, but also in cars. For example, it will scare away a cat that decided to bask under the soot of your car, thereby saving its life, and saving you from the work of cleaning your engine from the remains of the poor animal. After all, the infrared DD will react to any moving biological object that has a “thermal” background.
There are many components in a car that are quite difficult to control when they are turned on and in good working order, and for these purposes an audible alarm is ideal; in addition, its use while reversing informs surrounding pedestrians and other drivers about the vehicle moving backwards, which is especially important for large trucks
I suggest for your consideration that you familiarize yourself with a simple diagram of a car window closer. It performs the role of raising the windows at the moment when the car is set to the security alarm. The operation of the window lift device is stopped as a result of an increase in the flowing current in the load at the moment the windows are fully raised.
Automotive electric fuel pump device, principle of operation and repair. As an example, let's consider the design and principle of operation of the submersible electric fuel pump series 0580254 from BOSCH, which is used in all modifications of the K-Jefronic fuel injection system.
Car alarm It is designed to simulate a car horn, and is made using composite transistors and thyristors
Many people have portable receivers and tape recorders with a 9-volt Krona battery. On the road, they can be conveniently powered from a car battery without using up the resource of expensive batteries. It is impossible to connect such radio equipment directly to the battery, since its voltage can vary from 10 to 15 V. In addition, when the engine is running, impulse noise appears in the vehicle’s on-board network
A selection of simple diagrams for car enthusiasts: Sound alarm anti-sleep, ice alarms, Installation for cleaning crankcase gases, Device for quickly starting the engine in any frost, Compressometer, Anti-radar, Aerodynamic nozzle on the exhaust pipe and other designs
The collection of electrical circuits for cars is a very large selection.
The microcontroller circuits discussed below display readings from a 40L fuel sensor on a two-digit digital indicator with a common anad. The structures are powered from the vehicle's on-board network. The original car sensor in the tank is connected to the “in” input.
Probably all drivers have at least once forgotten to turn off the direction indicators after performing a maneuver? Standard clicks from the front panel are not always clearly audible, especially if there is music playing in the cabin, so I suggest adding a simple turn signal signal circuit to your car with your own hands.
The cigarette lighter is one of the few car features that has retained its original design for more than 70 years. As a result of this, both vintage cars and the most modern models use the same design. Of course, in the old days this device was used only for one function, although now in the modern “information world” it performs different functions, for example a connector for charging various digital gadgets or even starting a car.
Amateur radio circuits for turn signals are designed to work only with LEDs in your car's brake lights; if you are still using regular bulbs, you can easily replicate the design of the turn signal. Simple development" Brake lights" - a homemade time relay will turn off the latter if they are on for more than 40-60 seconds, and turn signal relay upgrade 495.3747 will allow the introduction of LEDs instead of incandescent lamps into the standard equipment of VAZ or GAZ.
The proposed first option for upgrading the car windshield wiper relay has higher operational reliability and can provide dynamic engine braking. No modifications to the standard electrical equipment circuit are required. Quite simple options for upgrading the windshield wiper relay will allow you not to be distracted by turning the wipers on and off. In addition, many older cars have a simple windshield wiper motor speed control - two positions "fast and slow" - no major modification is simply necessary. Install a humidity sensor and water drops falling on it will automatically trigger the circuit.
A car monitor with rear view cameras is a very important element in your car, because in modern urban realities you need to be a parking master to find a place to park the car. An example of installing a monitor in a car visor is clearly shown, which makes the image optimally positioned for the driver’s eyes.
Nowadays, the issue of accounting and saving energy resources, including fuel for vehicles, is more pressing than ever. Of the wide variety of devices that take into account fuel consumption, the most widely used are devices with a sensor recording element in the form of an impeller. Sensors with a different measurement principle, although they have sufficient accuracy, are difficult to manufacture and have disadvantages. Practice has shown that sensors with an impeller, made with the necessary and sufficient accuracy, can operate for years without requiring maintenance, with a registration error below the tolerance for this type of device
The ignition system is a set of various automotive instruments and devices that generate an electric spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine when the ignition system key is turned. On this page you can find various ignition connection diagrams for VAZ cars. As well as homemade amateur radio versions of the electronic ignition circuit
It has the following advantages: the spark power is increased, the breaker contacts do not burn; no resistor is needed in the ignition coil circuit; when the ignition is on, but the engine is not started, the circuit smoothly without a spark turns off
In the Soviet automobile industry, the RS57 type turn signal interrupter was of an electromagnetic operating principle and was used to ensure the flashing of warning lights, which makes the turn signal more visible and noticeable to other road users. The turn signal switch is connected in series to the turn signal circuit. Within the framework of the article, we will consider options for replacing this electromagnetic device with its electronic analogues.
Probably every car enthusiast forgot in the warm season to close the windows in the car, so that this does not happen again, I suggest putting together a circuit designed to automatically close all the windows in the car when the alarm is set. Let's consider several possible options for implementing the design, from simple circuits with relays to automatic window lift control on a microcontroller.
Every driver of a truck or bus with an on-board voltage of 24 volts has encountered the problem of connecting a 12 volt consumer. This article provides a solution to this problem.
In all modern cars, when the engine temperature reaches a critical point, the radiator cooling fan is activated. But there are a lot of negative effects of a sudden start, which over time affects the electrics of the vehicle. This article describes a diagram of an option for replacing the cooling fan soft start relay.
Carburetor economizer device |
Carburetors were installed on cars for many years until they gradually made way for various fuel injection systems. But the automobile age of Russian cars is long, and we still have to deal with vehicles that still have a carburetor. Well, as you know, its normal operation is ensured by several devices, the main one being a fuel economizer. This is exactly what we will talk about, and also consider the diagram of the forced idle economizer system for VAZ cars
A car starter is a device that allows the engine to start after a turn under any weather conditions. Almost all starters, in their essence, are conventional short-term electric motors, but of high power. The starting cycle of a typical device consists of three attempts with a 30 second interval between them. Since the car has a single source of electricity (the battery), the engineers chose a DC electric motor for the starters.
Every car owner who has driven a budget car knows how long it takes to wait for heat to come from the engine when it warms up in the winter, especially if you live in the northern part of the largest country in the world. It takes about 30 minutes to reach a comfortable temperature, and this happens every morning. The best idea to solve this problem, in my opinion, is to heat the car interior with a fan heater. An old toaster and a faulty computer power supply helped bring the idea to life.
In winter, many Russian drivers begin to experience a time when driving a car requires a preheated engine. A car antifreeze heating circuit helps solve this problem. The first one discussed is quite simple to repeat.
A heated steering wheel, along with heated seats, mirrors, and windows, is not a luxury these days, but an indicator of the level that a person lives in a civilized country. All of the above parameters in a personal car are very convenient, and help the driver to concentrate only on driving the vehicle, and not on his frozen fingers.
This design is designed to generate a sound signal when trucks and buses move backwards, and in automatic mode a sound signal begins to be generated to warn of danger.
The main advantage of the second battery is that the accumulated energy is consumed through an additional battery, and the first one is in reserve, that is, you don’t have to worry about starting the car after a picnic far from civilization. Many foreign cars already have a second battery under the hood. Their only drawback is the parallel connection of 2 batteries
This amateur radio design is suitable for charging most smartphones and tablets from 5 volts, even when the ignition is turned off. Or it will allow you to power the DVR for 40 minutes, while the car is waiting for its owner in the parking lot. The basis of the circuit is the AVR Tiny13 microcontroller, the firmware is attached to it.
