Wiring diagram for the speedometer UAZ loaf injector. Legendary UAZ loaf

The operation of electrical equipment in any modern car directly depends on the performance and integrity of the wiring. That is why every car owner should understand. In particular, we are talking about the legendary domestic UAZ cars. What the electrical circuit of the old-style UAZ-3303 is and what malfunctions are typical for it - we will talk about this below.

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Nuances of electrical equipment

The electrical circuit of the on-board wiring for the UAZ 390945 includes the following systems:

Ignition. This system consists of different elements - a distributor, a coil, spark plugs, through which the charge is transmitted.
Safety block. This unit is a set of safety devices designed to protect the electrical circuits of installed devices and electrical equipment.
. The washer system consists of windshield wiper blades, a trapezoid, an electric pump, an expansion tank, a gearbox and other components. The main purpose is to ensure high-quality cleaning of the windshield.
Acoustics. Its presence is not relevant for all vehicles. The acoustic audio system includes a car radio, speakers, and an antenna adapter.
Rear window heating system.
Optics.

The operation of any circuit involves the use of a battery, as well as a generator device. The first is used to provide power to all equipment when the engine is turned off, and the second is used to power the battery, as well as power electrical devices when the engine is running (the author of the video is the Protect Your Interests channel).

Possible wiring problems

What can lead to wiring problems:

Broken wires or damaged insulation. In both cases, the only option is to replace the damaged section of the electrical circuit. An open circuit, as well as chafing of cables, can be caused by external factors, for example, if the wiring was laid where there are rubbing mechanisms. Before replacing the cable, it is necessary to eliminate the cause, otherwise the problem will soon occur again. Solving the problem of insulation chafing by wrapping several layers of insulating tape onto the cable is also impractical.
Short circuit in the system. Such a malfunction can only be determined by diagnosing the electrical circuit using a tester - a multimeter. A short circuit can also be caused by chafing of power cables.
Voltage surges. Such malfunctions may be caused by the use of too powerful energy consumers. Let's look at the simplest example: you installed a splitter with several sockets. When the voltage consumers are turned on, a higher current charge is supplied to each socket of the cigarette lighter. The cigarette lighter socket is designed for a certain voltage, and if instead of one device two or three devices are powered, then, accordingly, the voltage passing through the socket will be several times higher. This contributes to the appearance of differences in the operation of the electrical system.
Failure of the safety device. If the fuse blows, it is necessary to replace the failed element. But if burnout occurs too often, then you need to check the socket in which the part is installed. Perhaps the reason lies in voltage surges, so the fuse blows prematurely. The cause of the difference must be eliminated.
Generator unit malfunction. Problems in its operation can be identified by reduced voltage in the on-board network, as well as dim headlights. Moreover, when the driver presses the gas pedal, the brightness of the optics increases noticeably. This usually indicates a failure of the voltage regulator or worn brushes.
Oxidation of contacts at the ends of wires. Due to oxidation or damaged contacts, power to electrical equipment is disrupted because charge cannot flow to the device. The problem of contact oxidation may be a consequence of exposure to moisture on the wiring. This problem can be resolved by cleaning the contacts or replacing them. You can use fine-grit sandpaper for cleaning.

Photo gallery "Wiring faults"

How to determine the malfunction?

If there are problems with the electrical wiring, this can be determined by the following symptoms:

The generator unit has stopped producing charging current. That is, the electrical equipment has either stopped being powered, or the current in the network is too low. Such a malfunction may be accompanied by noise during the operation of bearing devices.
There are malfunctions in the operation of the starter mechanism. Now the device cannot crank the engine crankshaft, the rotor assembly can rotate, but the crankshaft does not turn. When you try to start the power unit, relay clicks may be heard. Also, the inoperability of the starter may manifest itself in the fact that the car engine starts, but after that the starter unit does not turn off.
Another symptom of a wiring malfunction is the rapid discharge of the car battery. If the battery is relatively new and has not yet exhausted its service life, then its rapid discharge should alert the car owner. If after the next charge the battery still quickly discharges, you need to look for the reason. A malfunction in the operation of the battery can be indicated by a decrease in the volume of working fluid in the jars and an increase in its density during charging.

The first copies of the UAZ 452 saw the world in 1965 and forever entered the history of Soviet automobile production. The electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 and even the body structure of this car are trouble-free. The car has become a truly multi-purpose means of transportation. It was used for both military and medical purposes. Over all these years of reliable service, the UAZ 452, or also called Bukhanka, has become simply a cult car for domestic car enthusiasts.

It is especially worth noting the reliable electrical equipment of the UAZ. Over the years of production, the car has undergone many changes. For example, the UAZ wiring diagram has become much more modern and technologically advanced.

Release 1965 - 1984

If we talk about the beginning of production, then that UAZ 452 electrical equipment circuit lasted on the assembly line until 1984. During this period, many details in the circuit were borrowed from other models. Also, quite a large number of details could be called experimental. However, as the future has shown, such simplicity resulted in extreme reliability during operation.

In those years, it was quite a difficult task to find the necessary elements and parts. This problem was especially pressing in ignition and lighting systems. Therefore, the solution was to borrow parts from predecessors. So, a foot light switch was taken from GAZ 69.

She got the Bukhanka's headlights from the GAZ 24. The ignition system was copied with minor changes from the Volga. Therefore, it is not surprising that the GAZ 452 manufacturers also borrowed the engine from the Volga. As for the electrical circuit, everything was very primitive and simple, but at the same time practical and reliable. In addition, the price of the issue clearly justified such simplicity.

The electrical circuit of old UAZs was not ideal. The instructions of those years even provided for cleaning the contacts with sandpaper in case of oxidation. This approach raised some doubts about the safety of the electrical wiring design. And the UAZ electrical wiring itself in those years was a simple single-wire circuit.

New modifications

Since 1985 the car has undergone changes. They can even be called quite significant. It is also worth considering that in recent years the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 has been quite seriously modernized. And the basic equipment itself has become noticeably richer. Now the injector has become a modification for the UAZ Bukhanka. The manufacturer abandoned carburetor systems and released a more economical and modern injector for the UAZ Bukhanka. The electrical equipment of the UAZ has become more progressive.

The dashboard has also been transformed. The most noticeable changes were: an additional starter relay, additional resistance in the battery ignition circuit. However, most Bukhanka owners upgrade their vehicle themselves. And the dashboard is the first step to modernizing the interior.

In the basic configuration, the dashboard does not look impressive, so most drivers decide to upgrade its appearance. A solid overlay is installed on the panel, which makes it more visually interesting. This overlay is freely available, and buying it is not particularly difficult. The dashboard in the UAZ 452 is all-metal and does not decorate the interior. Modern panel trim is mostly made of plastic and serves as a good decoration for this car.

Another drawback in the old Loaf is the lack of electric windows. However, power windows can be easily installed yourself. They will fit perfectly into the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452. But neither the installation of window regulators nor their initial absence in the electrical wiring is the main problem of the poor configuration.

Improvement of electrical equipment

Most car enthusiasts will agree that an equally important thing is the central locking on the UAZ. The lock for the UAZ Bukhanka can be easily purchased at any auto parts store and installed on the vehicle without any problems.

Another “upgrade” for this car is an electric engine fan. An electric fan is a standard part for most modern cars. However, in older models such a device was not installed. Many car enthusiasts have already become convinced of the usefulness of such a wiring part as an electric fan, so it is often installed on the Bukhanka, especially since it can be easily purchased at any car store.

In addition, UAZ 452 owners often change standard mirrors. Since this car is often used in rather extreme conditions, heated mirrors would obviously be useful. Especially for drivers in cold climates. Electrically heated mirrors are quite simply installed on the Bukhanka, since the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 allows such improvements.

Injector, dashboard, electric fan, heated mirrors - after so many innovations, the UAZ wiring diagram is undergoing changes. And for the smooth operation of all the above improvements, a good generator will not hurt. The standard UAZ 452 generator cannot be called bad, however, according to statistics, most owners still decide to install another generator.

To do this, you can take a generator from any other brand of car. For example, generators from Volkswagen, Nissan and other cars are often installed on Bukhanka. A generator is an important element of electrical wiring, so if you decide to seriously improve the electrical equipment of the UAZ 452, then a new generator may be needed.

Changing the electrical equipment of a UAZ 452 is a fairly common occurrence among owners of this model. If the model is old, then the entire electrical wiring and electrical circuit of the car often changes. With such changes, even after decades, the UAZ 452 continues to be in demand among car enthusiasts.

Velt auto Mitino.

The electrical circuit of the UAZ “Loaf” injector 409 is based on the design of cars of previous modifications, but has its own characteristics. Modern cars received an injection engine, which improved dynamics and increased fuel efficiency.

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Technical characteristics and design features of the ZMZ 409 engine

The ZMZ 409 gasoline engine, equipped with a microprocessor-controlled direct injection system, is based on the cast-iron cylinder block of the ZMZ 406 model unit. The power plant was created specifically to equip UAZ vehicles, as well as Volga (experimental and small-scale versions). It differs from the base engine by an increased piston stroke and modernized pistons, which made it possible to retain the same connecting rods. Depending on the software version, the motors meet Euro 2/3 or 4 requirements. The latest modifications of the motor comply with Euro 5 standards and have modified power and torque curves.

The powertrain serial number, which is the vehicle's VIN number, is located on the left side of the engine block above the front mount mount.

Technical characteristics of the power unit:

block design - 4-cylinder in-line;
number of valves per cylinder - 4 (2 for intake, 2 for exhaust);
cylinder diameter - 95.5 mm;
piston stroke - 94 mm;
working volume - 2693 cubic meters. cm;
compression ratio - 9;
The order of flashes in the cylinders is 1:3:4:2;
maximum power (version for UAZ “Bukhanka”) - 112 hp. With. at 4250-4400 rpm;
torque - no less than 198 N/m at 2500 rpm;
fuel type - unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of 92 or more;
direction of rotation of the crankshaft (from the pulley side) - right;
type of cooling system - liquid, forced type;
crankcase ventilation system - forced, closed type, operates from a vacuum inside the intake manifold;
engine weight (with attachments) - 190 kg.

Main features of the engine design:

the working mirrors of the cylinders are made directly in the material of the cast iron block, without the use of liners;
main bearing caps are not interchangeable, since the parts are processed together with the block;
the front cover of the camshaft supports is the same for the intake and exhaust;
the timing gear bearing caps are machined together with the head, so they cannot be swapped;
Hydraulic play compensators are installed in the valve drive;
some engines have intake and exhaust camshafts with identical cam profiles;
the pistons have recesses on the bottom that prevent contact with the valves in the event of a violation of the valve timing;
the valves and mounting springs are identical to those used on the engines of the VAZ-2108 car.

To complete the UAZ “Bukhanka” vehicles, several engine modifications were supplied, differing in attachments.

Varieties of electrical wiring diagrams for the “Loaf”

Early cars used a carburetor engine, which in modern versions is replaced by an injection engine. The external lighting equipment has changed, disc mechanisms have appeared in the braking system (front) and an anti-lock braking system (ABS) has been installed.

The Ulyanovsk plant produced early versions of the bus with all-wheel drive (model 452) and only with a rear drive axle (451D). The electrical components of the machines were identical.

A simple circuit in which there is no electronic carburetor control unit

Purpose of elements on early versions of the carburetor minibus UAZ 451M and 452:

Lead-acid battery with a voltage of 12V.
Engine starter.
Additional relay for starting the starter.
Voltage regulator.
Generator.
Central switch for external lighting.
Foot switch for selecting the operating mode of the headlights.
A front light that functions as a side signal and a direction indicator.
Headlight.
Instrument cluster.
Left turn signal indicator.
Current meter in the on-board network.
A device for displaying the amount of gasoline in the tank.
Coolant temperature gauge.
Lubrication system pressure gauge.
Right turn signal indicator.
Speedometer installed separately from other instruments.
High beam indicator lamp installed in the speedometer.
Fan drive motor for driver. The device was installed only on tropical machines.
Fan switch.
Wiring connecting element.
A sensor that determines the pressure level in the oil system.
A measuring element that transmits a signal about the coolant temperature.
A separate sensor that determines the moment of overheating of the power plant. Based on a signal from the device, a warning lamp on the instrument panel turns on.
Control indicator for motor overheating.
Sound signal.
Alarm button.
Distributor of high-voltage ignition pulses.
Lamps for lighting the cabin and rear of the minibus.
Cabin lighting control.
Thermal reusable fuse.
Turn signal control lever mounted on the steering column.
Interrupting turn signal relay.
A switch on the brake pedal that controls the operation of the brake lights.
Spark plug.
Noise suppression resistor installed in the tip of the spark plug wire.
Ignition coil.
Plug connector for connecting additional devices.
Fuse box.
An electric motor drives the windshield wipers.
Windshield wiper operating mode switch.
Fan drive motor. The device is used to blow windshield.
Switch for the interior air supply system.
An ignition switch equipped with a contact group for switching the ignition system and starter.
Rear lighting control.
Fuel level sensor installed inside the tank.
Switch for the negative pole of the battery ("ground").
Rear license plate light.
A combined signal that includes a lamp for the parking lights and a second one for the brake signal and turn signal.

Electrical diagram of early UAZ 452/451D

Complex circuit with a connected carburetor control unit

Description of the electrical components of the carburetor “Loaf”, produced since the mid-80s (without a block of steering column switches):

Front right combination lamp.
Right headlight.
Fog light on the front of the car (right).
A similar unit installed on the left.
Left headlight.
Front left combination lamp.
Switch for the control diode for reducing the fluid level in the brake hydraulic system.
Klaxon.
Windshield cleaner.
Stop light switch.
Electric washer pump.
Additional heater fan resistor.
Controller for turning on front fog lights.
Low beam headlight relay.
A similar unit for high beam.
Fuse link for fog light circuit protection (rated 10A).
Relay for controlling direction indicators and hazard warning lights.
Headlight mode switch.
Electric heater fan.
Cigarette lighter.
Cigarette lighter circuit fuse (16A).
Windshield wiper operating mode switch.
Horn button.
Control of the lighting system in the cabin.
20A thermal fuse.
Fuse block.
Plug connector.
Heater fan speed switch.
External lighting control button.
Adjustable resistance of the instrument lighting system.
Speedometer.
Voltmeter.
Pressure gauge.
Thermometer.
A device for displaying the amount of fuel in the tank.
High beam indicator.
A lamp showing the operation of the direction indicators.
Parking brake warning signal.
Indicator of malfunction of one of the circuits of the service brake system.
Low pressure lamp in the lubrication system.
Cooling system overheating warning lamp.
Egnition lock.
Carburetor economizer control controller.
Key to turn off the front fog lights.
Alarm control button.
Cabin lighting.
Generator.
Oil pressure alarm sensor.
Sensor of a device indicating the operating pressure in the lubrication system.
Measuring element in the cooling jacket.
A device for recording elevated temperatures (in case of overheating).
Ignition system switch.
Vibrator, used when the switch fails.
Limit switch under the parking brake lever.
Additional resistance.
Starter start relay.
Economizer solenoid valve.
Additional solenoid for unbalance valve.
Small size valve switch mounted on carburetor.
Spark plug of the first cylinder.
A similar element of the second cylinder.
Third candle.
Fourth candle.
Pulse distributor with sensor.
Coil.
Side right turn signal.
Switch for measuring sensors in the left and right fuel tank.
Starter.
Battery.
Negative battery power switch.
Reverse gear switch including warning light.
Side left turn signal.
Fuel quantity meter in the first tank.
A similar unit for the second tank.
Rear light on the right side of the car.
License plate light (right).
Left room lamp.
Fog lamp on the rear.
Reverse warning light.
Left rear combination lamp.

Diagram of electrical components of the “Loaf” without steering column switches

When using a block of steering column switches on the “Loaf”, the windshield wiper control is placed on it, and a clock is installed on the instrument panel. Otherwise, the electrical wiring diagram remains the same.

Wiring diagram for "Loaf" with injection engine

Elements of the electrical circuit of the UAZ “Loaf” injector 409 include the following items:

Front right lamp, consisting of turn signal lamps and side lamps.
Electric windshield washer pump.
Windshield cleaner.
Steering column switch for the operating modes of the cleaner and washer.
Rear fog lamp control key.
External alarm button.
Electric motor for the impeller of the additional heater located in the passenger compartment. The unit is used on some vehicle trim levels, for example, 220695 or 396255.
Right headlight.
Additional resistor in the main heater fan circuit (used on all minibuses).
Electric motor of the main heating and ventilation device.
Fan operating mode switch.
Resistor of an additional heating device (installed only in conjunction with item 7).
Control of the operation of the second heater (optional).
Fuel module installed inside the tank.
Right turn signal.
Rear combination lamp on the right side.
Sensor for measuring the level of brake fluid in the supply tank.
Klaxon.
Controlling the operation of the sound signal.
Relay for turning on the fog lamp on the rear of the car.
Switch for operating modes of external light signaling.
Control indicator block.
Speedometer.
Separate safety element in the main heater motor power supply circuit.
Generator.
Engine starter.
Battery 12V.
Ground wire breaker, installed on parts of cars.
Rear registration plate illumination lamps.
Fog lamp on the stern.
Steering column switch for direction indicators.
Thermal safety element.
Instrument cluster.
Fuel tank selection key. Applicable only to some vehicles; models 330395, 330365 and 390945 are equipped with a single gasoline tank.
Sensor indicating emergency pressure in the lubrication system.
Oil pressure measurement sensor (to be displayed with a pressure gauge).
Starter circuit control relay.
Lamp indicating reverse gear engaged.
Brake light limit switch (located near the brake pedal).
Connection block for wiring.
Pump motor switch for forced circulation of coolant through the auxiliary heater.
Electric motor to drive the liquid pump.
Sensor for signaling that the permissible temperature threshold of the power unit has been exceeded.
Measuring element for fuel level in the tank.
Sensor for measuring movement speed.
Rear combination lamp on the left side.
Left headlight.
Contact group for controlling hazard warning lights and direction indicators.
An end element designed to close the reversing indicator light circuit.
Front left lamp, consisting of turn signal lamps and side lamps.
Foot switch button for high/low beam headlights.
Fuse block.
Socket for supplying power to additional electrical equipment.
Ignition off.
Parking brake lever position indicator button.
Left turn signal.
Cabin lighting.
Interior lighting switch.
Passenger compartment interior lighting lamp.
Backlight control.

Wiring diagram for UAZ "Loaf" engineer

Additional elements of the “Loaf” electrical system

The following elements can be installed in the Loaf cabin:

Fuse block.
Turn signal control relay.
ABS indicator lamp controller.
Turning on the high beams.
Low beam control relay.
Ensuring intermittent wiper movement.
Rear fog lamp controller.
Starter circuit control.

Arrangement of elements in the cabin

If ABS is used, an additional fuse box is installed on the machine, which includes:

protective element of power circuits, designed for a current of 40A (position I);
25A wiring protection device (position II).

Location of fusible links of the ABS system

Symbols on the diagram:

Block.
Direct fuses.

When installing an anti-lock braking system, the following components are included in the electrical circuit:

hydraulic unit with controller A1;
sensors for determining the speed of rotation of the front and rear wheels - B1/B2 and B3/B4, respectively;
acceleration sensor B5;
ABS control LED on the instrument panel, indicating a system malfunction;
EBD indicator of hydraulic module failure;
Brake pedal position sensor BLS.

Schematic diagram of ABS on the “Loaf”

The main fuse box used on cars is:

Diagram of the main mounting block

Medical versions of the Loaf are equipped with an extended fuse block to protect additional equipment. There are also cars equipped with heated front seats at the factory. These machines have additional wiring harnesses.

Self-installation of electronic ignition on a UAZ was demonstrated by the author of the video, Alexander Grushevsky.

Features of the UAZ 452 electrical circuit

The electrical circuit of the early version of the minibus has its own characteristics related to the purpose of the vehicle. The equipment was supplied to the army and various government agencies. The car could only fall into private hands after being written off. Because of this, the electrical circuit was extremely simple; additional devices were not provided by the factory (except for ambulances).

Electronic components

The wiring is built according to a single-wire circuit; the car body and the crankcases of the units are used as the negative pole. Operating voltage 12 V, all equipment is designed to use direct current. The battery is located behind the back of the driver's seat and is covered with a standard ebonite cover on top. Removing the battery is only possible after the driver's seat is tilted forward.

The electrical equipment included a G12 DC generator equipped with two current-collecting brushes. The device provided a maximum current of no more than 20A at an operating voltage of 12-15V. The PP24-G2 regulator was installed separately from the generator, on the wall of the engine compartment.

Due to the low corrosion resistance of the body, it was necessary to regularly inspect the connection points of the negative terminal from the battery. But the connection points of various equipment are also susceptible to destruction. These same problems were inherited by modern “Loaves”.

Engine compartment

Access to the upper part of the power unit for servicing the ignition system is only possible from inside the bus. On top there is a removable metal casing covered with a layer of heat and sound insulating material. There is no separate lampshade for lighting; for work in the dark, a portable lamp or ceiling lantern is used.

View of the engine after removing the hood

Passive safety

Passive safety at the time the minibus was created was assessed as sufficient. Despite the absence of deformation zones, the driver and front passenger had a good chance of a successful outcome in a frontal accident. But from a modern point of view, passive safety in a car is completely absent. The increase in driving speeds has led to the fact that in the event of a frontal impact, the driver and passenger at least receive severe leg fractures.

On the latest versions of cars produced after 2014, an electronic anti-lock braking system began to be used, which improved braking performance. Until this point, the design of the car lacked any electronic means of passive safety.

External optics

Features of external optics:

The headlight wiring design uses a mechanical-type central switch that distributes electricity to consumers. The unit was borrowed without changes from the previous generation SUV GAZ 69.
Lighting elements were borrowed from other UAZ and GAZ vehicles. In turn, the equipment is standardized for Soviet-made cars. This ensured the interchangeability of components and simplified machine repairs.
The front sidelight with a transparent lens has one double-filament lamp, which is also a turn indicator and a side signal.
The back of the minibus has round lights with a red lens. Inside there is a two-filament lamp for the brake signal and turn signal (one filament) and the side light (the second).
There are no side turn signals.

Video

From the beginning of production until the mid-80s, a simplified wiring diagram for UAZ 469 and 469B was used. The cars were supplied mainly to the army, so they were equipped with contact ignition and did not have electronic devices. After the modernization, the car’s designation changed to UAZ 3151, and the electrical circuit of these SUVs changed accordingly.

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Electrical diagram of the UAZ 469 old and new model with description

The composition of the electrical wiring components of the early UAZ:

A front light used as a parking signal and direction indicator.
Headlight.
Connecting strip for connecting lighting devices.
Klaxon.
Coil.
Additional resistance in the tips of the spark plugs, reducing the level of interference during operation.
Spark plugs.
Generator.
A sensor used to turn on the warning lamp for pressure drop in the lubrication system.
A device for measuring oil pressure in operating mode.
Coolant temperature meter in the engine jacket.
Sensor for turning on the overheating warning lamp, installed in the radiator.
Battery.
Engine compartment illumination lamp.
Ignition pulse chopper and distributor.
Connecting strip.
Klaxon signal button.
Relay for turning on the starter.
Starter.
Battery switch (disconnecting ground from the body).
Regulator of the voltage level of the generated current.
Motor for driving windshield wipers.
Windshield wiper switch.
Relay interrupter for direction indicators.
Fuse box.
Two plug sockets for supplying power to additional equipment.
Headlight mode switch (foot switch).
Brake signal limit switch.
Lighting control button in the car interior.
Lamp for illuminating the cabin interior.
Thermal fuse (reusable).
Additional lighting located in the rear of the body.
Indicator lamp for excessive increase in fluid temperature in the radiator.
Warning signal for low oil pressure.
A control indicator displaying the operation of the direction indicators.
Set of instruments.
Scale illumination lamp (separate for each dial indicator).
Speedometer.
Central manual switch for external lighting.
Egnition lock.
Indicator for turning on headlights in high beam mode.
On-board network ammeter.
Oil system pressure gauge.
Fluid temperature gauge in the engine block.
Fuel level meter (works only on one of the selected fuel tanks).
Gasoline quantity sensor switch (selects left or right tank).
Radio receiver and speaker (optional, rarely installed from the factory).
Steering column switch for direction indicators.
Electric motor for the impeller of the interior heating system.
Glow plug installed in the preheater boiler.
A control spiral, which was used to determine the degree of glow of the candle.
Fuel level sensor (individual for each tank).
Rear combination lamps, which included lamps for parking lights, brake lights and turn indicators (common lamp).
Glow plug switch.
Switch for operating modes of the additional auxiliary heater engine.
Separate heater motor switch.
Plug block designed to provide current to towed devices.

Colored wiring diagram of UAZ 469, front part Colored wiring diagram of UAZ 469, rear part

On the left side of the rear light there is a transparent insert for illuminating the registration plate with a side lamp.

This diagram does not include elements that were included with some machines:

additional rotating searchlight;
the lamp switch in this headlight.

Composition of UAZ electrical wiring components after modernization:

Front combination lamp with lens for position signal and direction indicator.
Headlight.
Fog lights are not found on all cars.
Sound warning signal.
Generator.
Underhood lighting.
Sensor for measuring the coolant temperature in the cooling jacket.
Engine overheat sensor (installed in the tide on the radiator).
Sensor for emergency reduction of fluid level in the brake hydraulics.
Oil pressure indicator sensor.
A separate element responsible for turning on the emergency pressure warning lamp in the lubrication system.
Valve microswitch on the carburetor (forced idle system).
Candles.
Sensor-distributor of the ignition system.
Electric washer pump drive motor.
Idle speed economizer valve.
Electromagnetic shut-off element on the carburetor.
Coil.
Lead-acid battery.
Manual negative battery breaker.
Starter.
Additional resistor.
Side repeater for direction indicator.
Fog light control button on the front of the car.
Cigarette lighter.
Separate fuse for the cigarette lighter circuit.
Vibrator (used as an emergency ignition system when the main one breaks down).
Transistor switch.
Economizer valve control controller.
Electric motor to drive the cleaners.
Starter start relay.
Fuse block.
Limit switch on the brake pedal (to turn on the brake lights).
Steering column lever for controlling the direction indicators.
Push-button toggle switch for external alarm.
Turn signal relay.
Plug connector.
Interior lighting switch.
Interior lighting lantern.
Switch for operating modes of the windshield wiper and control of the supply of liquid to the windshield.
Electric fan motor of the ventilation and heating system.
Heater control switch.
An additional resistor included in the fan motor circuit.
Heater safety element.
Egnition lock.
Thermal fuse.
Central external light control device.
Foot switch for switching the operating mode of the headlights.
Voltmeter.
Engine lubrication system pressure gauge.
Emergency pressure control indicator.
Coolant temperature indicator device.
Warning lamp for power plant overheating.
Fuel level meter in tanks (switchable).
Indicator of operation of direction indicators.
Warning lamp for low fluid level in the hydraulic brake reservoir.
Parking brake indicator.
Sound signal control key.
Signal lamp for active headlight high beam mode.
Speedometer.
Fog light switch (on the rear of the car).
Limit microswitch under the parking brake lever.
Reversing lamp limit switch.
Gasoline level measuring sensor in the right tank.
Switch for liquid level meter in containers.
Sensor for determining the amount of gasoline in the left tank.
Rear combination lamp.
Rear registration plate light.
Separate reverse indicator light.
Plug block for connecting the trailer wiring harness.
Fog light on the rear of the car.

Schematic diagram of an ammeter insert

Photo gallery

The photo shows one of the options for placing an ammeter in the cabin.

Generator G250 with a power of 350 W

Generators with improved parameters installed on later UAZ 3151 vehicles are connected in a similar way.

Ignition

On UAZ all-terrain vehicles there are two types of ignition systems - contact and transistor. The first model was used on the UAZ 469/469B, but since the mid-80s it was supplanted by the contactless one. Gradually, owners changed the devices on early cars, so it’s rare to see a car with a “classic” system.

Contact ignition circuit

Contact ignition elements for UAZ 469:

Battery.
Starter solenoid relay.
Coil.
Fuse box.
Current meter.
Mass switch.
Voltage regulator module.
Generator.
Egnition lock.
Movable contact (slider).
Additional capacitor.
Spark pulse distributor.
Candles.
Additional resistors in the tips.

Classic ignition circuit with mechanical contact group

Electronic ignition circuit

The UAZ 3151 began to use a contactless system with improved characteristics.

Ignition system components:

Coil.
Transistor switch.
Pulse distribution sensor.
Candle.
Fuse box.
Vibrator for emergency ignition system.
Additional resistor.

Transistor ignition system

To connect parts of a non-contact fuel ignition system, wires with insulation of different colors are routinely used:

blue (G);
red (K);
yellow (F);
green (G).

Differences between ignition systems

The difference between the contact ignition system is the contact group that distributes high voltage pulses. Because of this, the unit is susceptible to overheating and burning, which impairs current transmission. In a contactless system, signals are generated by a Hall sensor and a transistor switch. The design does not have mechanical elements subject to active wear and is capable of operating at reduced voltage in the on-board network.

Common faults

Failures associated with the UAZ 469 electrical circuit:

battery discharge;
wire breaks due to mechanical stress or corrosion;
voltage drop in sections of circuits due to oxidation of contact connections;
lack of charging due to wear of the brushes on the generator or insufficient tension of the belt drive;
failure of part of the electrical circuit due to a blown fuse;
burnout of one or more lighting lamps;
Problems with the starter solenoid relay.

Prevention measures

Basic measures to prevent electrical system malfunctions:

Regularly check the condition of the wire tips installed on the battery terminals. Clean parts from oxides and dirt.
Wipe the battery case from dust. If a serviceable battery is used, it is necessary to clean the ventilation ducts and bring the electrolyte density to normal. Periodically recharge the device from the charger.
During long periods of inactivity, disconnect the battery using the standard disconnect switch.
The wiring harness should not bend or rub against sharp edges of the body panels. If damage to the insulation is detected, restore the protection with insulating tape or replace the wiring section. Protect the bend points with special sleeves.
If a fuse blows, determine the cause of the failure. It is prohibited to carry out repairs by installing reinforced elements designed for increased current.
Monitor the condition of the starter by periodically cleaning the rubbing elements from dirt and lubricating them with Litol-24. Check the axial clearance of the rotor, which should be within 1 mm, and the tightness of the bolts securing the unit to the engine crankcase. Electrical contacts must be cleaned of carbon deposits using a file.
Clean the distributor slider from dust and oil using a rag and clean gasoline. At the same time, lubricate the rotor bushing (a few drops are applied under the removed felt). High-voltage wires must be installed tightly in the seats. If moisture gets on the elements, wipe them with a clean and dry cloth.
Do not overuse the emergency vibrator, which has a service life of about 30 hours. When switching on the backup ignition, deactivate the carburetor economizer.
Check the fastening of devices in the instrument cluster, replacing burnt parts.

Do-it-yourself wiring and electrical equipment repair

Main malfunctions of electrical equipment on the UAZ 469 and repair methods:

If the battery is not charged, check the tension of the generator drive belt and the condition of the brushes. The problem may occur due to wear on the slip rings or the rotor touching the stator (bearing wear). The exact cause of the breakdown can only be determined after removing the generator and troubleshooting the components.
An overcharged battery indicates a faulty voltage regulator that needs to be replaced.
Noise when the generator operates is a sign of wear on the bearings or their seats on the covers. Worn and damaged parts require replacement.
The absence of sparking in a contactless ignition system indicates breakdowns of the coil or cover, as well as incorrect adjustment of the advance angle. The switching device may be damaged. For repairs, it is necessary to replace broken components and adjust the timing of the spark.
Burnt-out products must be replaced with parts with similar parameters. Periodically adjust the beams of headlights (as well as fog lights, if installed).
A rattling sound when the horn operates occurs due to poor contact or cracks in the membrane. For repairs, you need to check the condition of the wiring and connection points. The damaged sound signal is replaced with a new one.
If a short circuit is detected in the circuit, it is necessary to find out the cause of the malfunction. To do this, you will need to go through all the elements connected to this wire. Each consumer is disconnected from the network and separately tested for functionality. If the insulation on the wiring harnesses burns, they must be replaced.
When replacing a section of wiring, it is necessary to ensure a reliable connection between the old and new sections. The fastest method is to twist the exposed areas, but this method does not provide reliable contact and long service life. A more reliable joint can be created by installing a special crimp sleeve. After installing the element, it is necessary to protect the exposed area with insulating tape. The third method of connection is soldering the wiring, which provides a strong joint, which in its characteristics is somewhat inferior to crimping.

How to install the ignition yourself

Instructions for installing contact ignition:

Unscrew the spark plug from the first cylinder (from the pulley).
Determine the moment the compression begins. To do this, clamp the hole of the spark plug well with your finger, and an assistant turns the shaft with a handle. The moment the air begins to escape is the starting point of the compression cycle.
Rotate the crankshaft until the hole on the pulley coincides with the special pin installed on the timing mechanism cover.
Check the position of the rotor, the contact of which should be located opposite the internal conductive element of the cover, which supplies a voltage pulse to the first cylinder.
Loosen the screw and turn the octane corrector plate until the pointer coincides with the middle part of the scale.
Then grasp the distributor body and carefully turn it counterclockwise until the contact group closes.
Disconnect the wiring from the engine compartment lamp.
Use a separate harness to connect the lamp terminal to the ignition coil connector. The wire going to the ignition distributor is attached to the same element.
Turn the key in the ignition. Then smoothly rotate the distributor housing until the lamp turns on. At this stage, it is important to fix the very initial moment of the flash; the accuracy of the adjustment depends on this.
Hold the distributor body in the found position. Then tighten the fixing screw and install the cover in its original place.
Check the correct installation of high-voltage wires.

How to adjust the ignition

The first stage of adjusting contact ignition is setting the gaps:

Remove the spring clips and remove the cover from the distributor.
Remove the runner rotor.
When turning the crankshaft using the crank handle or wrench, set the cam position to ensure maximum clearance in the contact group.
Measure the gap value using a feeler gauge. A value in the range of 0.35-0.45 mm is considered normal.
If the gap is increased or decreased, the fixing screw of the fixed contact must be loosened. Then turn the adjusting eccentric unit (it has a separate flat for a screwdriver).
After setting the gap, you need to tighten the locking screw and take the measurement again.
Reinstall the removed parts. If further adjustment is necessary, only the runner rotor needs to be mounted.

To control the ignition parameters, warm up the engine to operating temperature and check the acceleration of the car at a speed of 30-35 km/h. The car must move in direct gear. If adjusted correctly, short-term detonation will occur with low intensity. If it is noticeable, then you should turn the octane corrector one notch counterclockwise (change the ignition timing).

Sequence of steps and features of adjusting contactless ignition:

Set the piston in the first cylinder to the end of the compression stroke position. To do this, you need to align the marks on the pulley and the gear cover.
Remove the cover from the distributor.
Check the position of the slider contact. The conductive plate must be located strictly opposite the element marked “1” on the cover.
Unscrew the fastening bolt and turn the octane corrector plate to the middle position (on the scale and indicator), and then tighten the fastening.
Unscrew the fastening of the corrector plate to the distributor body.
Hold the slider with one hand and turn the body clockwise. The goal of the operation is to match the red mark on the rotor surface with the pointer tip. After this, secure the knot in the new position.
Reinstall the removed parts and check the correct installation of the wires and the integrity of the insulation.

The test is carried out using a similar method, only acceleration starts from 40 km/h and continues up to 60 km/h. After this, the detonation should disappear. If necessary, turn the distributor by 0.5-1 divisions of the octane corrector scale (counterclockwise). If there is no detonation at all during acceleration, then the assembly rotates clockwise.

Every vehicle has the ability to break down. Even high-quality cars sooner or later fail. The breakdown may be minor, or it may occur in one of the main parts of the machine - the generator.

Characteristics of the generator for UAZ

One of the main components of the machine

The UAZ car breaks down with the same frequency as many other cars. There are also problems with the generator. Not every car owner knows how to connect a generator to a UAZ Patriot and UAZ 469.

The UAZ 469 model has a standard alternator. This unit is necessary to power the car with electricity and recharge the battery. The unit works only if there is a battery itself and a voltage regulator. The generator connection diagram is single-wire, the output contact is “minus”. There are also additional outputs that are necessary to connect the unit to the vehicle system.

To ensure high-quality operation of the device, it must be maintained correctly and in a timely manner. You should take care of the cleanliness of the mechanism. Before each departure, it is necessary to check the performance of the unit using an ammeter. When undergoing maintenance, the assembly fastenings and belt tension are checked. At the end of the season, you need to remove the mechanism and clean it of dust and dirt. When components wear out, they should be replaced with new ones.

When unstable operation of the device is observed or noise is heard, the mechanism should be replaced with a new one. In rare cases, it is necessary to change the rectifier unit. This need arises in the absence of stable operation of the diodes.

Checking the rectifier unit is impossible in several cases. For example, if the DC source shows more than 12 V. It is not recommended to use an AC meter. There must be a control lamp connected to the system.

There is no need to replace the lubricant, as it lasts for the entire life of the generator.

Unit connection diagram

For convenience and understanding of the actions carried out with the generator, it is recommended to study the connection diagram. The figure shows a diagram of the wires that are used during the charging process.

Particular attention must be paid to the size of the belt, which is an important component in the operation of the generator. UAZ is usually equipped with a 6 РK 1275 belt.

Any work is carried out in stages. The success of the operations depends on compliance with the sequence of actions. To connect the generator to the car system, just follow 5 simple steps.

The first step is to turn off the electricity supply.
Turn on and warm up the gas generator.
Connect the unit to the network.
Disconnect the generator from the backup network and turn it off. If this is done incorrectly, the unit may be damaged and become unusable.
Connect the power supply.

Unit connection process

The vehicle must be prepared for repairs. Before turning off the generator for replacement, you must place the vehicle on a level surface and secure it. A prerequisite is to clean all elements of the machine, including the bottom.

Work should only be carried out in the presence of a mechanic. Repairs in a workshop will cost more, but the quality of the work will be much better. You should consider the price of the generator itself. Since the market situation is unstable, the cost of the unit can change quickly. When purchasing new equipment, you should pay attention to the warranty period and workmanship. It is recommended to purchase products only from well-known manufacturers.

When the generator fails, it is often necessary to change the belt. To do this, you need to do a few simple steps. The drive belt is removed from the car. The tightened bolt should be loosened slightly, but not completely unscrewed, this will reduce the belt tension. Next you need to install a new belt. In this case, it is necessary to comply with all standards, the main one of which is a weakening of no more than 15 mm with a load of 8 kgf. The load should be applied in the middle of the mechanism. After checking, tighten the adjusting bolt and install the drive belt in its original place.

Additional disassembly of the generator may be required. In this case, it is necessary to prepare the tool and clean the work surface.

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