Very often, novice drivers find themselves in ridiculous and difficult situations due to the fact that they do not know how to drive a manual car correctly. Probably everyone has repeatedly observed a picture in which a car cannot start moving for a long time, and the cars standing behind it, not being able to pass an obstacle, honk and flash their headlights, which further confuses the inexperienced driver. In fact, learning to drive a car with a manual transmission is not difficult at all.

For training, it is best to choose a flat area without slopes, which will avoid arbitrary rollback. You can simplify the task by using parking brake. The handbrake must be tightened before starting the engine. This will keep the car in place if the driver has not switched off the gear, and will also eliminate uncontrolled rollback when trying to drive uphill.

The feet on the clutch and gas pedals should work in antiphase - when the clutch is depressed, the gas should be released, and vice versa, when the clutch is smoothly released, you need to gradually add force to the accelerator pedal.

Before you start moving, it is important to check whether the gear is engaged or not by moving the gearshift lever. Next, you need to fully depress the clutch pedal. It will be additional guarantee that the car will not start after the ignition is turned on (for example, all Toyota cars will not start until the clutch is depressed). In addition to this, in winter time It will be easier for the starter to start the engine. After the engine starts working, you need to engage the gear, release the handbrake and start driving. To prevent the car from suddenly jerking away and stalling, the driver must perform all actions smoothly and calmly. It is necessary to release the clutch pedal until the engine speed begins to drop and the car vibrates easily. At this time, you need to smoothly press the gas pedal while continuing to release the clutch.

It can be quite difficult for novice drivers to feel the moment when they start moving. In this case, repeated training can help. It is necessary to remember the sequence of actions: the car is parked with the engine turned on, the clutch is fully depressed, the gear is engaged, the driver begins to smoothly release the clutch until the speed begins to decrease. As soon as this happens, you should press the clutch again. This training must be repeated until the driver can perfectly determine the moment of departure. It will also be useful to train on the same principle only in the “start-stop” mode. It will be possible to say that the skill has been fully mastered after the driver makes 10 confident starts out of 10.

How to change gears on a manual transmission

Correct placement of feet on pedals

Today, cars with automatic gear shifting have become very popular, and novice drivers prefer to learn on such cars. It is worth noting that a truly real driver can be someone who is able to drive a car with any type of transmission. Therefore, in driving schools, the majority choose educational transport a car with a manual transmission, even if they have already purchased or are planning to purchase a car with a CVT or automatic transmission. To understand how to drive a manual car, you will have to practice a lot. But after this, you won’t have to think about the type of transmission, and feel confident behind the wheel of any car.

On mechanical box The following speed shift ranges are accepted:

0 - 20 km/h - 1st gear;
20 - 40 km/h - 2;
40 - 60 km/h - 3;
60 - 80 km/h - 4;
80 km/h and above – 5.

It is worth understanding that the speed range depends on the gear ratio of a particular car model, but in any case it approximately corresponds to the specified diagram. It is necessary to change gears with smooth movements, which will prevent the car from “nodding” and twitching. Often this is the sign that reveals an inexperienced driver behind the wheel.

To get started, do the following:

Fully depress the clutch;
Set the lever to first gear;
Smoothly release the clutch, hold it at a certain stage and then release it completely;
After this, we smoothly accelerate and pick up speed.

Of course, you won’t go long or far in this first gear (unless, of course, you practice in a vacant lot).

Upshifting

As speed increases, it becomes necessary to switch to high gears. This process is carried out as follows:

Release pressure on the gas pedal and quickly depress the clutch;
The gearshift lever is first moved to neutral position, and then the next gear is engaged;
The clutch is smoothly released and the gas pedal is pressed;
The transition to other higher gears is carried out in a similar way.

How more speed car, the faster such an operation needs to be carried out. It is not recommended to jump over gears, this is not prohibited, however, this should only be done if you have a certain skill, since the gearbox gears can wear out faster and the engine may stall.

Correct downshifting

Shifting to a lower gear is carried out as follows:

You need to take your foot off the gas pedal and slow down until required speed;
Next, fully depress the clutch;
Bypassing the neutral position of the gearshift lever, we engage a lower gear;
Release the clutch completely and gradually add gas.

The transition to a low gear can be accomplished by jumping through several gears (for example, from fifth speed to second or first). The engine and gearbox will not be damaged by such actions, but, of course, the gear engaged must correspond to the speed of the car.

The ability to brake correctly using manual brakes increases road safety.

The most effective and in a safe way brake and come to a complete stop on a wet road, downhill or in icy conditions, the next steps: it is necessary to release the gas and gently press the brake, and before the final stop, squeeze the clutch so that the car does not stall. Then switch the lever to the neutral position and release all pedals.

There is another method that allows you to understand how to brake correctly on mechanics. It is more suitable for braking in good conditions weather conditions on a flat road:

We release the gas;
Press the clutch pedal all the way;
Smoothly press the brake until it comes to a complete stop.
Next, you need to turn on neutral and release both pedals.

The gas pedal should be released smoothly and not thrown. When leaving your car, even for a short time, always set the handbrake.

How to slow down with a manual transmission

To slow down and slow down a little, you need to fully release the gas and lightly press the brake, without touching the clutch. There is no need to be afraid that the car will stall. If you plan to slow down to switch to downshift, you will have to depress the clutch.

Correct engine braking

This method will be useful on steep descents. The main point of this method is to switch from an upshift to a downshift. Even just releasing the gas pedal of the car, without changing gear, the speed instantly decreases. This occurs due to the idle mode being turned on. After this, you can switch to an even lower gear. By releasing the clutch pedal, you don’t have to press the gas at all. In this way, the braking effect is enhanced.

First you need to remember main principle gear changes: when changing from low to high gear or vice versa, you must depress the clutch. In other words, the gearshift lever and clutch must move in close conjunction, like climbers storming the dangerous traverse of Everest. If you do not follow this rule, then set aside in advance a certain amount of money that you will need to purchase new box transmission

What you need to know about gear shifting

It is necessary to take into account the fact that switching techniques different gears differ from each other. The common pattern for them is “squeeze the clutch - change gear - release the clutch.”

Manual transmission is not as scary as they make it out to be

If you are a beginner, then it may be news to you that when changing gears, the car loses speed, turning into a “body” that moves by inertia. It is for this reason that you need to change gears smoothly, but at the same time quite quickly, so as not to slow down the car.

When to change gear

There is an exact calculation of the average speed range of gear use, which we present in the table below.

Naturally, these calculations are schematic, because you need to take into account other factors that may affect the ride. Be that as it may, but this scheme applies to unladen vehicles moving on a road where there is no resistance of any kind. If there are any, for example, the car is driving along deep snow, viscous sand or climbs a steep slope, then gear shifting should be done a little later - that is, above the stated speed limits.

Helpful advice

There is a universal recommendation for choosing one gear or another: the first gear is intended for starting the car, the second is used for acceleration, the third allows for overtaking, the fourth is suitable for driving in the city, and the fifth is for highways and expressways.

How gears are changed

So, to change gears you need to perform certain actions:

using a sharp movement, you need to squeeze the clutch all the way to the floor while simultaneously releasing the gas pedal;
turn on quickly and smoothly the desired gear, first moving the gearshift lever to the neutral position, and then immediately to the gear position;
release the clutch pedal, while you can slightly increase the engine speed - this will help compensate for the loss of speed;
Release the clutch completely and noticeably increase the gas.

Automatic transmission - for the lazy or those who love global comfort

There are no strict conditions regarding the gear shift sequence: you can engage them out of order - from first go straight to third, from second to fifth, and so on. However, this will take more time to accelerate, and the speed will drop significantly.

Mistakes that newbies make

Among the most characteristic errors that novice drivers make, it should be noted that they do not work smoothly with the gearshift lever, which is why the car loses speed. In this case, switching is usually scattered and abrupt, which causes damage to some components of the box.

When starting off, beginners often abruptly release the clutch pedal, which causes the car to jerk and the transmission to become unusable.

The seat needs to be adjusted correctly

A typical situation is when a beginner, when it is necessary to switch from second to third gear, says that he is not going to drive more than 40 km/h. Who said that a higher gear necessarily requires an increase in speed? On the third one you can safely drive no faster than 40 km/h. The whole point is that overdrive They give you the opportunity to go faster, but no one forces you to use this opportunity.

Another point that is typical for novice drivers is the delayed engagement of second gear. A training scheme takes root in the mind of a “teapot” (sorry for the directness): first gear, acceleration to 20 km/h, and then switching to second. This does not take into account that this speed is already achieved when you release the clutch after starting off. This becomes the reason that novice car enthusiasts are late in turning on the second one.

Helpful advice

If the car is moving in a stable speed limit, the left foot should under no circumstances “hang” over the clutch pedal. Correct position feet are on the floor, to the left of the clutch. The leg that “hangs” over the pedal gets tired very quickly, and involuntary squeezing of the clutch may also occur, which can lead to its destruction. In addition, the driver must have a third point of support in order to avoid such unpleasant moments as reduced steering efficiency and curvature of the spine.

Correct gear shifting

It is important to immediately adjust the seat in order to reach the gearshift lever without bending your body. Often, the lever itself is also adjusted for these purposes.

Timely gear shifting and the ability not to overload the engine allows experienced motorists to consume 25% less fuel when driving around the city than novice drivers use.

When changing gears, it is very important to move your left hand, which remains on the steering wheel, from the “fifteen to three” position to the upper sector of the steering wheel. This will allow you to make an emergency maneuver if necessary. As for novice drivers, when changing gear they often experience an involuntary turn of the steering wheel to the left if the hand is not on its upper arc.

And even this won’t scare you later

At first, the tachometer will tell you when to change gear, then it will be enough to listen to the engine. Tachometer diesel car should show 1500-2000 rpm, and the rotation speed crankshaft at gasoline cars should be 2000-2500 rpm.

04.03.2018

Perfect shifting transmission How to change gears correctly on a manual transmission? Correct shifting of manual transmission gears

Beginning car enthusiasts have many questions. Even if the theory has been studied thoroughly, many questions always arise during the first trips. For example, how to change gears in a car? Sitting next to the driver and watching is one thing, and steering and changing gears yourself is a completely different matter.

The key question is at what distance or speed to shift? Of course, for drivers of cars with an automatic or robotic transmission, such a problem does not exist. We are talking about a “mechanics”, a car with a manual gearbox.

Video training “How to change gears in a car”

Switching speeds

The sequence of gear shifting to an upshift and, conversely, to a downshift is different. On an ascent, shifting is faster than on flat surface. It is not recommended for beginners to shift while turning, because it can skid the car. You need to prepare for the switch:

while moving, place your right hand on the lever in advance;
lower left leg to the clutch.

The gear shift is done at the moment when the tachometer shows the required engine speed:

press the clutch with your left foot;
simultaneously release the gas with your right foot;
shift up gear synchronously with your left foot;
release the clutch smoothly;
maintain engine speed by adding gas;
After a few seconds, release the clutch, after which the car should increase speed.

Speed at the gearshift lever and vehicle speed

If the car is equipped with a tachometer, you can rely on the readings of the device at engine speeds in the range from 2500 to 3500 rpm.

There is a certain relationship between the speed designation on the gear lever and the driving speed:

“one” on the gear shift lever is held until a speed of 15 to 20 km/h;
“two” - from 20 to 30 km/h;
“C” - from 30 to 60 km/h;
“four” - from 60 to 90 km/h;
“five” - over 90 km/h.

Speed ranges may vary depending on machine specifications. All leg movements and right hand must be practiced until it becomes automatic. Practice is key here.

Before intersections, you need to slow down, move the shift lever to neutral and slow down using the brake pedal.

You can slow down directly with the gearbox by releasing the gas and engaging a lower gear. If the car has stopped, you need to resume movement using practiced techniques from first gear. If the car has not stopped, is moving along the coast and the movement can be continued, you need to switch on the appropriate gear again and drive on.

Common mistakes

First of all, I would like to note that switching to a higher gear is allowed by jumping through one or two speeds. For example, from first to third or from second to fifth. This is not considered an error, but it will take more time to accelerate. The errors are different:

uncertain movement of the gear shift lever in “search” for the desired position;
pauses when switching;
sharp jerks with the lever;
the clutch is released too smoothly;
abrupt release of the clutch after engaging the next gear;
unacceptable mistake: looking at the gearshift lever while shifting and driving the car, distracted from the road.

Mistakes are inevitable during your first trips. Therefore, it is necessary to study in advance the location of the speeds, which is indicated schematically at the top of the gear shift lever and, before driving, practice in a parking lot or garage.

Many experienced motorists simply do not recognize automatic transmissions, considering them uneconomical and unreliable. There is some truth in this, although modern ones have already achieved mechanical analogues in their parameters and in some ways surpassed them. However, an automatic transmission still costs much more - that’s why manual transmissions are the leaders in the mass segment. It is good for everyone, except for convenience - therefore, novice drivers have a question: how to correctly change gears on a manual transmission while driving, as well as at the start? Scheme of work with manual transmission It’s quite simple, but you need to follow some guidelines.

Start

In order for the car to start moving, it is necessary to engage the gear and open the fuel supply in a volume sufficient for acceleration. It would seem that everything is extremely simple - clutch, first gear, gas. However, the car is forced to overcome greatest effort at the moment when it starts moving - this is why the engine often stalls, leaving the driver in bewilderment. The secret lies in the smooth balancing between two pedals: the clutch and the gas, which at a certain moment must be pressed simultaneously.

Of course, we are not talking about working with pedals, but about using a mechanical transmission. Experts recommend using first gear to start from a dry, clean surface - the torque transmitted by it to the wheels is very high, so the likelihood of stopping the engine will be minimal. The gear should be engaged with the clutch pedal fully depressed, and the lever should be moved smoothly, trying not to overcome the natural resistance with a sudden force. If it starts to publish unpleasant sounds, and the resistance moves sharply, you should return the manual transmission lever to neutral, release the clutch, press the pedal again and try again. When the desired stage is turned on, the force on the lever will decrease for a split second, and then its movement will stop as it will collide with the limiter at the end of the groove.

If you are going to drive a car during the cold season or during autumn frosts, it would be useful to master starting from second gear. This technique allows you to avoid wheel slipping and does not allow the car to immediately skid or bury its wheels in the snow. There are few differences - on a manual transmission you should select second gear, but balancing the gas and clutch pedals must be much more subtle to avoid increased load on power unit. It is worth remembering that sudden movements of the gear lever, quickly lifting your foot from the clutch pedal, and supplying excessive amounts of fuel have a negative impact on the transmission and can lead to its breakdown in the near future.

On the run

When the car is moving, it is very important to understand exactly when to change gears in order to reduce fuel consumption, achieve optimal dynamics and prevent transmission breakdown. On the Internet and in some manuals there is often a recommendation in which each gear corresponds to a certain speed. It is completely incorrect, since each car has its own power level and individually selected gear ratios.

Beginners can be advised to pay attention to the fact that for most cars, the engine’s economical operating zone is in the range of approximately 2500–3500 rpm. If the car is moving at a similar crankshaft speed, you should not grab the lever. However, correct gear switching sports cars With high-speed engines may be done differently. This is why experts recommend not saving money and undergoing special driving training. fast cars, offered by many dealers.

As the speed increases, you should change the gear to a higher one, remembering to fully depress the clutch pedal and follow the safety rules when moving the lever. The same should be done when the speed drops - however, the gear should be changed to a lower one. It is better to shift sequentially, using each gear when accelerating. Of course, you can jump through 1-2 transmission stages, but it is recommended to exercise extreme caution when working with the clutch so as not to damage the transmission shafts.

The good thing about a manual transmission is that it allows you to prepare for various difficult situations. In particular, the rules for shifting a manual transmission require that a lower gear be activated when:

Approaching a steep climb;
Driving on a dangerous descent;
Overtaking;

If it is not possible to use the service braking system, for example when driving down a sharp slope or down slippery road, you need to start engine braking. To do this, you should fully release the gas pedal, and then gradually change gears to lower ones until the car reaches the desired speed. It is very important to not allow the engine to over-rev and to try to assist the transmission with the service brake if possible.

Experienced drivers often focus on the sound of the engine - however, in order to switch gears “by ear”, you need to get used to the car. The greatest professionalism is considered to be changing gears based on the feeling of the car's reaction. The driver evaluates how quickly the car accelerates when pressing the gas and, when reaching a certain speed, changes gear, improving the dynamics of the car. However, this requires a lot of experience and habit from him to a specific machine.

Secrets of efficiency

As mentioned above, the range of 2500–3500 rpm is considered the most economical for a car. Experts recommend choosing it when driving uniformly at medium or high speeds in order to reduce fuel costs. Some drivers believe that by quickly upshifting and keeping the crankshaft speed at 1000-1500 rpm, they reduce fuel consumption. This opinion is wrong - to accelerate from low speeds, the car requires much more fuel, and it will be much more difficult for the driver to react to unexpected situations.

To learn how to shift gears correctly, you need to understand the layout of modern manual transmissions. As a rule, fifth and sixth (and for some manufacturers seventh) gears are intended exclusively. Maximum speed is achieved in fourth or fifth gear, depending on the number of gears. Early engagement of an overdrive will not lead to a reduction in fuel costs - the speed will drop to a minimum, as in the situation described above. In addition, the use of the largest steps in the city is unjustified - they were created for uniform motion along a country highway.

To avoid premature failure of the gearbox, accelerated wear of the motor and clutch, you should avoid sudden movements lever, and also balance the pedals correctly, trying to avoid sudden impacts and slipping. If you are interested in how to change gears to reduce fuel consumption, then you need to constantly maintain engine speed in a narrow operating range. Using a manual transmission, you can also brake with the engine, preventing you from getting into dangerous situations. Having mastered the rules of switching, you will be able to fully control your car, achieving optimal dynamics, minimum expenses and absolute safety.

A person who gets behind the wheel for the first time should at least theoretically know the rules for changing gears in a car, because in practice they are different from one another. The only thing they have in common is a scheme consisting of the following fundamental moments: squeezing the clutch, shifting to higher gear and, finally, “relaxing” the clutch pedal. When changing gears, the car slows down, losing its speed, and drives like an out-of-balance “mass”, moving only by inertia. This fact makes it necessary to switch gears carefully, but not very slowly, so that the car does not have time to completely slow down.

Over time, gear shifting occurs on a subconscious level

Rules for shifting gears in manual transmission

No matter how fast progress advances or how auto production improves, cars with a manual transmission are valued more among experienced car owners than those with an automatic transmission. For beginners, who already have difficulties in controlling, the “mechanics” seem too difficult, however, as experience shows, it is easy to work with it - millions can do it.

The car owner must know all the intricacies of manual switching, which contributes to confidence and the ability to think through the current situation on the road. While driving, you cannot think, all operations must be carried out quickly, at the reflex level. To get this result, it is best to get to know the gearbox “closer” with the power unit turned off. However, do not forget about practical driving. So, how to change gears correctly:

To start, the clutch is depressed, then the gearbox lever is put in first gear, the clutch is slowly released and the gas is pressed. If you need to go faster, you should increase the speed and, of course, gradually switch to higher gears.
In practice, switching is done less frequently, after accelerating the car to optimal speed, you can drive like this for quite a long time. The transition in speed should proceed in order, i.e. from 2nd to 3rd, then to 4th and 5th.

When braking or approaching a traffic light, you should depress the clutch and move the gearshift lever to neutral, releasing the clutch. If the speed has decreased significantly (30 km/h), depress the clutch and shift the lever to second gear.
Urgent requires the maximum attention of the car owner: by pressing the brake pedal, you need to quickly squeeze the clutch to turn off the power unit. Then, without releasing the clutch, move the lever to the “neutral” position.

Basics for Beginners

The rules for shifting a manual transmission are the same for all cars; the transition depends on the power and speed at which the car is traveling. Drivers with extensive experience do not need to look at the speedometer; they change gears intuitively, understanding the need to shift based on the sound of the engine. New car owners should not forget about the readings of this device; it should be understood that:

when driving from 0 to 20 km/h, first gear must be engaged;
at speeds from 20 to 40 km/h - second;
from 40 to 60 km/h - third;
from 60 to 90 km/h - fourth;
speeds over 90 km/h require the lever to be in fifth gear.

While driving, these speed ranges are “erased”; practice shows that, starting from second gear, switching occurs differently. The fact is that the power of new cars can allow its owner to reach an acceleration of 70 km/h even in second gear, however, this is too ill-considered a step, since it is too costly. Most drivers switch to fifth gear when the speed exceeds 110 km/h, although it is recommended to do this already at 90 km/h. The car owner, naturally, should be aware of the standards, but change speed based on the capabilities of the car and. So, correct gear shifting comes down to one thing - smoothly squeezing the clutch mechanism and quickly changing gears.

Changing gears while overtaking

When driving on the highway, for example, you often have to overtake nearby cars. But how to overtake? There is one important rule - do not do this at the current speed. Due to the fact that while driving on the highway, the car slowly reaches the most acceptable speed.

When overtaking, it is best to act like this: when you catch up with a passing car, slowly slow down until the speeds equalize and only then switch to higher speed. Having driven away until significant clearance appears, the car must be transferred to a more stable speed and complete overtaking.

While driving, beginners often overtake neighboring cars in the current gear, but this can only be done if there is a free oncoming lane. If an oncoming car suddenly appears ahead, the maneuver will not be completed.

What to do if you have to brake using a power unit?

While driving, sometimes you have to slow down the engine, which will extend the life of the braking system. Also, on an icy road or steep descent the brakes fail, in this case it is better to do this: release the accelerator, hold the clutch, descend to lower speed and slowly release the clutch.

However, in situations that require immediate reaction, it is very difficult to determine the moment of deceleration and further switching. You need to change speeds by jumping one gear, but over time, such actions can destroy the gears. The most important point is the functioning of the clutch mechanism at the moment of “pickup”.

Despite the apparent complexity, working with a manual transmission is not difficult; it is important to learn to “understand” the car and perform all operations thoughtfully.

Conclusion

Driving an automatic transmission is simple, but it is achieved “thanks” to the loss important qualities machine, in particular, its efficiency. They prefer to use manual transmission experienced car enthusiasts, unable to do such simple mistakes, How:

premature increase in power of the power unit;
“throwing” of the clutch mechanism;
unsuccessful synchronization of these processes.

If the gear shift is incorrect, the car moves jerkily, which is why. To avoid such situations, you should drive a little and understand the clutch mechanism.

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Thanks to the widespread use of automatic transmissions, more and more novice drivers prefer to learn in such cars. But a real driver must be able to handle a vehicle with any transmission, so
It’s better to learn in a car with a manual transmission. In addition, a manual transmission has a number of advantages over an automatic transmission - it allows you to gain greater control over the car, spend less fuel in work, and thanks to simpler
design, it is cheaper both to purchase and to maintain. The only negative is that shifting gears on a manual transmission may seem difficult for a beginner, but this will definitely improve with experience.

Before you start practicing, you need to have some knowledge about the mechanical box. Most manual transmissions have 4 or 5 gears and one reverse, and there is also a neutral one, when engaged, no torque will be transmitted to the wheels. From the neutral position you can change to any gear, including reverse. Be sure to learn the location of the gears so that you don’t have to look at the gearshift lever while driving. 1st gear is used more for starting or when parking the car. You need to be careful with the rear one - it has a larger speed range than the first one, and with prolonged use it can damage the box.

And so, to start moving, you need to fully depress the clutch pedal and engage 1st gear, then, smoothly releasing the clutch pedal, also smoothly press the gas pedal. At some point, you will feel the car begin to move; at this time, hold the clutch in place for a while, then smoothly release it completely. Having accelerated the car to a speed of 20-25 km/h, you need to switch to second, then release the gas pedal, depress the clutch all the way, engage second and release the clutch. The transition to third and higher speeds is carried out according to the same scheme. You should not jump gears: if the speed is not enough, the engine may not cope - it may stall or simply begin to slow down. The transition to the next gear is made approximately every 25 km/h, but it is worth
Keep in mind that the shift ranges may be different for different cars - they depend on the engine power and gearbox ratios. Having gained a little experience, you will be able to learn how to change gears in time, focusing on
engine sound.

To switch to more low speed– release the gas pedal and press the brake until the car slows down to the desired speed, then press the clutch and switch to the desired speed, release the clutch and press the gas pedal.
When descending, always reduce the speed of the vehicle - if high speed If you engage a low gear, the car will brake sharply and may skid. Also, when changing gears, be sure to fully depress
clutch - otherwise you will hear a characteristic grinding sound in the box, and over time it will completely fail.

Knowing how to change gears on a manual transmission, you can start practicing. You need to understand that at first you may not be able to do a lot of things, for example, smoothly releasing the clutch and switching to the right gear in time.
The most difficult thing at first will be a smooth start, so it’s worth spending sufficient quantity time to train somewhere in a free area.

In the modern automotive market, vehicles with automatic or robotic transmission are becoming increasingly common. gearbox. In terms of their technical characteristics, they have long been on par with their mechanical counterparts, in addition to attracting the potential owner by the absence of the need to independently manage the process switching speeds, making many gestures over and over again. However, in the secondary market in the middle price segment, the ratio of cars sold will still be, rather, in favor of those that have a manual transmission.

three-shaft manual transmission

Old school drivers believe that more reliable than mechanics nothing can happen, and all kinds of robots and automata are more likely Consumables for cars rather than their full-fledged parts, since they are unnecessarily expensive to maintain and are much more susceptible to all sorts of defects. In some ways, such car owners are really right: the mechanical Transmission It is simpler in design than automatic transmissions and robots, so there are fewer problems with it. If you take two cars of a certain brand, in the same body and the same years of manufacture, one with a manual and the second with an automatic, the first copy will cost slightly less. And if you compare prices for repair work, a manual transmission will please the owner without emptying your wallet too much. But for car drivers automatic transmissions Sometimes you have to invest considerable sums in bringing them into working condition.

Figure - diagram of a manual transmission.

The mechanics cause dissatisfaction mainly among novice drivers. Due to the lack of any experience in driving a car, they immediately have questions: “How to change gears on a manual?”, “How to get going?” or “How to go backwards?” - and a lot of others. But after a few practical classes dissatisfaction and bewilderment pass, and a practical skill appears - after all, in fact, there is nothing super complicated in independent switching There are no manual transmissions.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF MANUAL TRANSMISSION

First you need to understand what the principle of operation is. manual transmission. The purpose of the box is to generate a rotational gear ratio speed from the engine internal combustion to the wheels of the car. Gear ratios are a kind of “step” of the transmission, and they are shifted manually by someone who drives the car using the selector. Since the process is completely mechanized and requires the direct participation of the driver, the gearbox is called “mechanical”.

Manual transmission, unlike automatic transmissions, is not subject to failures. Though modern technologies and make automatic transmissions incredibly “intelligent,” their operation still cannot fully replace manual control.

A manual transmission works in conjunction with a clutch - a mechanism that transmits torque to the wheels and allows you to change gears as smoothly as possible, without shutting down engine speed. Without a clutch, the huge torque that is necessary for the car to move normally will simply tear the box apart. The clutch is controlled using a pedal located in the driver's footwell, along with the accelerator and brake pedal. The main thing for the driver is to remember that it is always necessary to change gears on a manual transmission only when the clutch pedal is fully depressed.

CONTROL OF A CAR WITH A MANUAL TRANSMISSION AT START

At the initial stages of training in driving schools, many students enthusiastically get behind the wheel, turn on the ignition, take the car off the handbrake, engage first gear and... The engine stalls and the car stalls. What causes this error? Yes, indeed, the algorithm of actions when you intend to move the car away is as follows: in a car with the ignition already turned on, the manual transmission knob must switch from neutral to first gear, having first fully pressed the clutch pedal - this way the fuel supply is activated, and the car has the opportunity to move from places. Then the clutch is released and the gas pedal accelerates the car.

Mechanical control

But the problem is that it is precisely to start that the engine needs to overcome greatest number effort, and if the clutch is released too quickly, the box cannot process the torque, and the engine, accordingly, cannot continue to function, which is why it stops. To properly move off a car, you need to maintain a precise balance between the clutch and gas pedals. Having pressed the clutch with first gear engaged, you must then slowly and smoothly press the gas. As the car moves, you need to gradually accelerate it, at the same time pressing the accelerator pedal harder, and slowly, carefully remove your foot from the clutch until it is completely released. When the car starts moving, it is recommended to use maximum efficiency exclusively in first gear. It is with its help that the maximum torque is given to the wheels, which will be enough to move huge mass car, and the possibility of stopping the engine when working correctly with the pedals is minimized. The gear is engaged using a smooth movement of the selector, as already mentioned, with the clutch fully depressed. You need to start releasing the clutch only when the manual transmission handle is firmly in place of the gear that is used in the current mode. If, when trying to move, the selector begins to shake so much that vibrations are sent into the driver’s hand, and an unpleasant grinding sound comes from the gearbox itself, the gear was not engaged completely, and you should immediately stop the car by fully squeezing the brake, then pressing the clutch and moving the gearbox handle gears to neutral position. After stopping, you can try again.

MANUAL AT START

IMPORTANT: For driving on snowy or slippery surfaces, it won’t hurt to master the skill of starting immediately from second gear. By moving away in this way, the car avoids slipping on the wheels, and, accordingly, the risk of skidding or getting stuck in the snow. The procedure is exactly the same as when starting in first gear, except that you need to lower the clutch and add gas much more slowly. If the clutch is released too quickly, the gear shift will not occur correctly. If you repeat this mistake periodically, you can simply burn the clutch.

Switch transfers on time to an inexperienced driver the tachometer integrated into the dashboard car. This device shows at what speed the engine is running in the current mode. An interval of 2500-3000 rpm is considered normal for driving in one gear; when the needle rises above the specified value, you need to turn on next transmission. If you constantly go to high speed using low gear may cause damage and subsequent need to replace the clutch.

Switching rules from any transmission to a higher one are the same:

the first step is to release the gas pedal and fully depress the clutch;
then you need to put the shift selector in the position corresponding to the required gear, while still holding the clutch pedal;
Then the gas pedal is pressed smoothly and in proportion to the speed with which one foot presses on the accelerator, the other leg, which holds the clutch, gradually releases it.

A manual transmission is appreciated by many drivers

In most cars with manual transmission after third gear switching occur more imperceptibly, and the clutch can be released a little faster. However, this does not mean that you can simply suddenly remove your foot from it - this will still lead to malfunctions in the future.

On sports cars, shifts can occur at increased speed, because They are supplied from the factory with a special ceramic or other reinforced clutch.

IMPORTANT: A manual transmission is valued by many drivers because it allows right moment change to a lower gear. What does it give:
Ability to adjust vehicle speed dangerous areas roads: sharp descent or turn, hill, etc.;
- allows for safe overtaking of other vehicles;
- if the brake system malfunctions, you can stop the car using engine braking using a manual transmission. This braking is carried out gradually, alternately

DRIVING IN A VEHICLE WITH A MANUAL TRANSMISSION

switching downshift all the way to neutral. If the brakes are at least somewhat usable, you need to help with the brake pedal to prevent a critical increase in speed and overheating of the internal combustion engine.

As mentioned, the most optimal moment for shifting gears on a manual transmission is when the tachometer needle reaches 2500-3000 rpm. Drivers with little experience often mistakenly believe that by shifting the next gear to a higher low revs, they will thus save fuel and reduce its consumption. This opinion is fundamentally wrong - to start from low speeds of fuel you need just the opposite, much more. Plus, when switching at low speeds, traction with the road is partially lost, and control can become unsafe, especially if it is carried out on uneven, slippery or snowy roads.

FUEL SAVINGS ON A VEHICLE WITH A MANUAL TRANSMISSION

To save fuel, the highest gears are provided in manual transmissions. In the majority modern models This is fifth or sixth gear. However, savings occur only with systematic switching, premature switching to a higher gear will not reduce fuel consumption, but will only reduce the speed. In this way, you can save on fuel in a car with a manual transmission while constantly driving unhindered, for example, on the highway. If you drive within the city at high density traffic flow– it is unlikely that you will have to use gears above fourth, and sometimes even third.

Currently, many experienced drivers prefer cars equipped with manual transmission. There are reasons for this:

We choose time-tested manual transmissions

lower cost of the car itself with a manual transmission compared to analogues with an automatic transmission;
relative ease of maintenance of the mechanical box;
increased service life compared to automatic transmission;
reduced fuel consumption;
possibility of downshifting and engine braking.

Despite the fact that this is an extremely rare choice of gear when driving, there are situations in which there is a need to switch to first gear, which will be preferable for more fast acceleration when the car is still moving, although switching will be difficult.

Gear shifting can become an automotive art and a full understanding of what actions form smooth transitions between gears, engine speeds and different shaft speeds in . And despite the fact that first gear, by its nature, is designed solely to move the car, the hairpins and very sharp turns, multiplied by the steepness of the climb, may require you to switch to a gear with a higher torque coefficient, to the first speed of the box.

If you've tried shifting this way before, you may have noticed how difficult it can be to get into first gear, to the point of making a clunking noise under the hood, even with the clutch fully depressed. Let us immediately reassure you that there is nothing wrong with your car, the gearbox is not broken, the synchronizers have not fallen apart, you just need to know a special technique in order to correctly and clearly switch to the lowest speed.

In ordinary life, most often the situation with switching to 1st gear occurs when a motorist, approaching a traffic light, almost stopped the car at a red light, but suddenly the light comes on green signal traffic lights and you need to move quickly. The second one will take a long time, you have to include the first one by hook or by crook, this is where the knowledge we want to give you will help.

The technical problem is that the difference in the ratio between second and first gear is too large. Therefore, it is not always possible for synchronizers to successfully cope with the task of filling this gap. The synchronizing devices in first gear have to work much harder than in other gears, which can lead to their early exit out of order and .

Synchronizers, in essence, can be compared to a small clutch, which is installed on the output shaft between the gears, slowing down or increasing the relative speed of gears to make the teeth easily engage in the gear. Therefore, when an attempt is made to shift into first gear, relative speed between the output shaft and input shaft will be excessively large compared to other speeds less different in ratio.

Let's take the transmission as an example. Honda Civic 2016. The ratio for first gear is 3.6:1 , which means for every 3.6 full revolutions crankshaft, the gear makes only one revolution. 2nd gear has a ratio 2.1:1 , the ratio of the 3rd is 1.4:1 , 4th- 1:1 (direct transmission), 5th 0.8:1 and the last one, 6th, 0.7:1 .

As you can see, the difference is gear ratio becomes less and less, with the transition to higher gears, which in turn makes the task easier for the synchronizers, matching the rotation speeds of the gears.

However, similar problems can arise not only when switching from the second to the first.

For example, you need to overtake vehicle, but before solid line Insufficient distance remains. You are moving in fourth gear and have already begun to pass the car you are overtaking. We need to speed up quickly. The only logical way in this situation would be to switch to a lower gear.

Third? It is unlikely that more intense acceleration is necessary. Experienced driver, having compared the speed of movement and engine speed, you may come to the conclusion that you need to turn on the second speed. OK. But doing this without a clear understanding of the actions being performed will be very difficult and extremely harmful to the box. Therefore, there are solutions for safe execution actions.

They can be divided into two main groups: double squeeze clutches and re-gassing .

They will allow you to equalize the speed of rotation of the crankshaft, reducing the load on the synchronizers in gear, and contribute to smooth shifting. *

*Despite the effectiveness of the methods, we do not recommend their regular use, especially switching to first gear, since shock loads It still won't work, and the transmission will receive additional stress.

Double clutch release

You can find out more about this technique in our article: Here we will outline the main postulates.

To summarize the process of downshifting from fourth to third gear:

1. Press the clutch pedal.
2. Move the shift lever to the neutral position.
3. Release the clutch.
4. Press the throttle.
5. Press the clutch pedal again.
6. Switch to third gear.
7. Release the clutch pedal.

Instructions

For correct switching gears, understand the clutch and learn how to use the tachometer readings. The biggest difficulty is the first gear, with which automobile starts moving. Here is the most important role plays correct work with clutch. If you throw it abruptly, automobile will stall. But you can’t hold it for a long time, otherwise you will start moving very slowly and, even worse, you can “burn out” the clutch.

To understand at what point you can release the clutch, try the following exercise. Press the clutch, but do not engage the gear. Begin to slowly release the pedal without accelerating. The car will start moving, and your task is to feel in what position the clutch pedal was at that moment.

Release the clutch only when the car has moved a couple of meters. Before you start driving, if you suddenly feel that you are moving either too fast or too slow, do not be afraid to press the clutch back, monitoring its operation. To do this, rely on the tachometer readings. If the arrow rapidly creeps up, the engine begins to make noise, and you remain standing still, release the clutch pedal faster.

Switch transfers while driving, it is necessary to focus on the speed at which you are traveling. Second gear is engaged immediately after starting off. To do this, release the gas pedal, depress the clutch, shift the gear lever to the straight down position, release the clutch and press the gas. While driving, you do not need to release the clutch and press the gas pedal at the same time, otherwise you will end up with the so-called “over-throttle”.

At second speed, accelerate to 30-40 km/h and release the gas again, press the clutch and move the gear lever to the right-up position. Do not move the lever too far to the right; this speed is often confused with fifth gear. In this case, you will hear a sharp noise from the engine and the car may jerk.

Fourth gear is engaged at speeds of 50-80 km/h. Release the gas pedal, depress the clutch and move the gear lever to the down position. The inclusion of fifth speed at different speeds may vary differently, depending on the engine power. On low-power machines, switching fifth transfers occurs at speeds after 80 km/h.

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how to shift manual gears

When you surf the Internet, there is a need for data. This can happen, for example, when multiple users leave the same connection. Or you save traffic and try to control the amount of data sent.

Instructions

Provided that you use a download manager, for example, Download Master, to download files, the download speed can be corrected in the settings. In the main program window you need to click “Action”. Then find the term "Speed". Will open new list, which will consist of five versions. Turn on the Adjustable setting. If everything is done correctly, you will see a slider at the bottom line of the download manager. Move it to adjust the speed to the desired value.

µTorrent is a torrent client, it is possible to switch both the reception speed and the upload speed of data. All default to “Unlimited”, which means you can lower the speed to the desired value. This feature is available for individual files and for default installation. To switch the reception/transmission speed of a specific file, you need to select it from the list of torrents on the left. Right-click to bring up the context menu. In it, find the “Speed Priority” option, then “Limit download speed” (“Limit upload speed”). A new menu will appear, where you need to set the required value. The first time, the minimum speed is 25 KB/s; if you log in a second time, the lower speed threshold will be lower. Minimum speed– 1 KB/s.

The default speed value can be changed in General Settings. Click "Settings" in the µTorrent menu, then the "Configuration" line. As an alternative, use the Ctrl+P key combination. Select the Speed option. In the column on the right there will be two lines in which you can set the desired value, these are “ General limitation upload speed" and "General reception speed limit". Set in the desired window desired speed value in KB/s.

NetLimiter is a program that is very easy to use. Provided for a trial period of 28 days. You can download it from the manufacturer's official website. Install, then click on the program icon, then click “Open”. Set the connection speed detection type, for example, KB or Mbit. In the “Download speed” field, enter the desired speed value.

Exists free program Traffic Shaper XP. Developed by Bandwidth Controller. You can download the program from their website and then install it on your computer. Launch the program and you will see a window with the text “Welcome to the Network Setup Wizard.” Click “Next” / “Download speed” / “Upload speed”, enter the desired value, click “Next”. Then you need to select the type network connection(usually “Local Network”), click “Next” and “Finish”.

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